Claude-François de Lezay-Marnésia

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Claude-François-Adrien, marquis de Lezay-Marnésia (born August 26, 1735 in Metz , † November 9, 1800 in Besançon ) was a French military, farmer , author and encyclopedist .

Live and act

He was born in Metz as the son of François Gabriel, marquis de Lezay-Marnésia (1699–1778), a captain in the Régiment de Navarre . His mother was Charlotte Antoinette de Bressey, she was the daughter of a chamberlain of Duke Leopold Joseph of Lorraine and an educated woman. The couple had two sons, the younger brother was Claude Gaspard de Lezay-Marnesia, Chanoine comte de Lyon (1739-1818).

After his work as captain in the Régiment du Roi , Claude-François-Lezay Marnesia retired to his estate at Château de Saint-Julien , near Lons-le-Saunier , and devoted himself to agriculture with the same intensity as writing and scientific questions. He set new standards, even before the revolution, so he abolished the burdensome duty of feudal taxes and called for their general abolition, and taxes should be evenly distributed among all classes.

Since March 3, 1766 he was married to Marie Claudine de Nettancourt Vaubécourt (1746–1794), the couple had a daughter, Claudine de Lezay Marnesia (1768–1791) and two sons Adrien de Lezay-Marnésia and Count Albert-Magdelaine- Claude de Lezay-Marnésia (1772-1857), the later prefect of the department de Rhin-et-Moselle from 1806 to 1810 and from 1810 to 1814 in the department of Bas-Rhin .

Rejecting revolutionary violence during the terror , he decided to emigrate to the New World in North America in October 1789. He emigrated to North America in May 1790 with the aim of helping to found a French colony in America.

It was a project of the Compagnie du Scioto , also called compagnie des Vingt-quatre , which was initiated by Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil (1745–1794), Jean-Antoine Chais de Soissons and the Scottish engineer and economist William Playfair , among others has been. The US government acquired three million hectares in the state of Ohio which reached as far as the Scioto River in order to found a French colony with its capital, Gallipolis .

In 1792, after the failure of the compagnie des Vingt-quatre project , he returned to France, where he was arrested in Besançon.

After the 9th of Thermidor , so the fall of Maximilien Robespierre he was released from his imprisonment and he left France in the time of the Board in the direction of the Helvetic Republic , more precisely the canton of Vaud . There he made contact with Isabelle de Montolieu (1751-1832). He later returned to Besançon, where he died shortly afterwards.

Claude-François-Lezay Marnesia wrote the articles Voleur and Manstupration ( masturbation ) for the Encyclopédie by Denis Diderot and Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert .

Works (selection)

literature

  • Émile Auguste Bégin: Biographie de la Moselle: Histoire par ordre alphabétique de toutes les personnes nées dans ce département. Volume 2, Metz 1829, pp. 539-542
  • Marc Le Goupils: La Revue de Paris. T. 3, Bureau de la Revue de Paris, May-June Paris 1898, p. 314
  • Jocelyne Moreau-Zanelli: Gallipolis: Histoire d'un mirage américain au XVIIIe siècle. Editions L'Harmattan, 2000

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jean-Claude Mayet: Claude-François-Adrien, marquis de Lezay-Marnésia (1735-1800). Biography in French, online
  2. ↑ Family genealogy
  3. ^ Marius Veyre: La maison de Lezay-Marnésia (1240-1884). Sébastien Brant, Strasbourg 1958, pp. 152-154
  4. ↑ Laurence J. Kenny: The Gallipolis Colony. The Catholic Historical Review, Vol. 4, No. 4 (Jan., 1919), pp. 415–451, online (PDF; 4.5 MB)
  5. ↑ Frank A. Kafker: Notices sur les auteurs of dix-sept volumes de "discours" de l'Encyclopédie. Recherches sur Diderot et sur l'Encyclopédie Year (1989) Volume 7 Issue 7 p. 149
personal data
SURNAME Lezay-Marnésia, Claude-François de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lezay-Marnésia, Claude-François-Adrien marquis de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French author and encyclopedist
DATE OF BIRTH August 26, 1735
PLACE OF BIRTH Metz
DATE OF DEATH November 9, 1800
Place of death Besançon