Codex Palatinus germanicus 16

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Cod. Pal. germ. 16, sheet 9v: Genesis - The Creator God measures the earth with a compass

The Codex Palatinus germanicus 16 is a late medieval manuscript from the former Bibliotheca Palatina in Heidelberg . The Codex belongs to the Codices Palatini germanici , the German-language manuscripts of the Palatina, which have been kept in the Heidelberg University Library since 1816 ; The signature of the Heidelberg University Library and the common scientific name is Cod. Pal. germ. 16 (short form: Cpg 16 ).

The illuminated manuscript is the first volume of a three-part German-language Bible with writings from the Old Testament ; the second ( Cod. Pal. germ. 17 ) and the third volume ( Cod. Pal. germ. 18 ) are also preserved in Heidelberg.

All three codices were in 1477 on behalf of Margaret of Savoy from the workshop of Ludwig Henfflin produced, probably in Stuttgart.

This first volume contains the five books of Moses and the books of Joshua , Judges, and Ruth .

description

Cod. Pal. germ. 16, sheet 10v: Genesis - God creates Adam from a lump of clay
Cod. Pal. germ. 16, sheet 11v: Genesis - God creates Eve from Adam's rib
Cod. Pal. germ. 16, sheet 12r: Genesis - Fall of Man - Adam and Eve in the paradise garden eat the fruit of the forbidden tree of knowledge
Cod. Pal. germ. 16, sheet 12v: Genesis - The Archangel Michael drives the first people out of the walled paradise garden
Cod. Pal. germ. 16, sheet 13v: Genesis - The first people at work in front of the closed walls of paradise, Adam working in the fields, Eve with distaff and spindle

The Codex is a paper manuscript with 288 leaves. The foliation of the 17th century counts sheets 1–281 with text on them; the blank sheets 1 * –3 * and 282 * –285 * are provided with modern counting.

The sheet size of the manuscript is 40.3 × 28 cm, with a text space of 25.5–27 × 18 cm written in two columns with 28 to 33 lines per page. Written form is a bastarda from one source. Image headings, chapter numbers and page headings are in red.

The initials are executed in red and blue and usually extend over two to three, sometimes more lines (sheets 143r, 219r), the initial (sheet 1r) extends over six lines. You are with easy fleuronnée decorated -Besatz and ornamentation in the internal field, some with additional small profile grimaces (leaves 25r, 60r, 186r and more often). Chapter beginnings are with red, red-violet or blue Lombards marked. There are also numerous cadelles as decorative elements, ink-colored and red.

The parchment binding was supplemented in Rome in the 17th century and given the title "16 / BIBLIORVM / Pars I" on the back. The note “Genesis das Erst bůch.” Is applied to the footprint .

Miniatures

All three volumes of the biblical manuscript Cod. Pal. germ. 16–18 are unusually richly illustrated with a total of 308 miniatures . Only the first volume, Cod. Pal, dealt with here . germ. 16 is illustrated with 133 colored pen-and-ink drawings, regularly also on consecutive pages. The drawings are prepared by a draftsman, draftsman A , of all the other manuscripts of the workshop Henfflin endowed, only the drawing on sheet 23r is derived from a second signatory B .

In the assessment by Hans Wegener ( Descriptive Directory , 1927), the quality of the draftsman's work is overall "quite insignificant"; From his point of view, the colored drawings are "carefully, but very temperamental and unimaginative", and "individual scenes [...] surprise him with the primitiveness of the depiction". This rating is a bit irritating because Wegener also emphasizes that the client of the Bible manuscript, Margarete von Savoyen, was spoiled by her origins with excellent book art and certainly selected the best draftsman.

The more recent research, on the other hand, emphasizes the entertaining character of the picture sequences and the clarity of the representations from the Henfflin workshop , also sees the effort to gain perspective compared to earlier Alsatian illustrators and emphasizes the correctness of the proportions in the figure representation. Only the facial expressions are described as "largely expressionless", the faces often show "a cheerfulness that does not match the text". A special feature of the drawings is their modern narrative character and the richness of detail in the representations. The illustrator from the Henfflin workshop actually designed “ cycles of illustration” and often made use of the trick of “simultaneous illustration” by depicting successive situations of a story in parallel in a single representation.

origin

Like the other two volumes of the Bible manuscript, the manuscript was made in 1477 by Ludwig Henfflin's workshop , presumably in Stuttgart.

Contracting Authority of all manuscripts of the workshop Henfflin was Margaret of Savoy , the third wife of Ulrich V , Count of Württemberg-Stuttgart , was married. Previously, she was in second marriage with the Elector Palatine Ludwig IV. Been married; the only child from this marriage, Elector Philipp von der Pfalz , inherited the manuscripts after Margaret's death in 1479. With this, the three Bible codices, like all manuscripts from the Henfflin workshop, finally came from Stuttgart to Heidelberg and became part of the Bibliotheca Palatina .

All three manuscripts were presumably written down by a scribe ( scribe A ), who can otherwise not be found in the manuscripts of this workshop. The writing language is Swabian.

Like the other manuscripts of the Electoral Palatinate Libraries, the Codex came into the possession of the Vatican Library in Rome after the conquest of the Electoral Palatinate in the Thirty Years War in 1622 and was only brought to Heidelberg in 1816 with the other German-language holdings of the Palatina as part of the regulations during the Congress of Vienna returned.

Content

The three-volume Bible manuscript Cod. Pal. germ. 16-18 is a copy of the corresponding chapters of a complete Bible print published by the printer Johannes Mentelin in 1466 in Strasbourg. The Mentelin Bible was the first ever to be printed in a vernacular , and it is the oldest pre-Lutheran Bible print in early New High German . The work was a "bestseller" at the time, although the interlinear translation from Latin into German was not easy to understand even in the 15th century.

Cod. Pal. germ. 16 , the first volume, contains the first books of the Old Testament of the Christian Bible : the five books of Moses ( Pentateuch ) as well as the first part of the biblical history books . In detail:

See also

literature

  • Karin Zimmermann : Cod. Pal. germ. 16. Bible AT (history books [1st part]), German. In: Karin Zimmermann (arrangement), with the participation of Sonja Glauch, Matthias Miller, Armin Schlechter: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 1–181). Catalogs of the Heidelberg University Library, Volume 6. Reichert Verlag , Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 978-3-89500-152-9 , pp. 39–41 ( digitized version ).

Older catalogs:

  • Karl Bartsch : Pal. Germ. 16. Translation of the Old Testament. [1] In: Karl Bartsch: The old German manuscripts of the university library in Heidelberg . Catalog of the manuscripts of the University Library in Heidelberg, Volume 1. Verlag von Gustav Koester, Heidelberg 1887, No. 10, p. 7 ( digitized version ).
  • Hans Wegener : The books Moses, Josua, Richter and Ruth. pal. germ. 16. In: Hans Wegener: Descriptive directory of the German picture manuscripts of the late Middle Ages in the Heidelberg University Library. Verlagbuchhandlung J. J. Weber, Leipzig 1927, pp. 72–76 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Cod. Pal. germ. 16  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ The information in this section with subsection follows, unless otherwise noted, the description by Karin Zimmermann: Cod. Pal. germ. 16 . In: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 1–181) . Wiesbaden 2003, pp. 39–40 ( digitized version ; accessed March 27, 2020).
  2. ↑ s. Illustration of the foot cut in the digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library; accessed April 1, 2020.
  3. ↑ Ulrike Spyra, Maria Effinger: Cod. Pal. germ. 16-18: three-volume bible, AT, German , website UB-Heidelberg, 04/2009; accessed April 1, 2020. Spyra / Effinger also show there that the density of the illustration is even more noticeable if you look at the volumes separately: the respective books of the Old Testament are in the first two volumes with 133 ( Cpg 16 ) or 139 ( Cpg 17 ) depictions illustrated almost without gaps. In contrast, the third volume ( Cpg 18 ) contains comparatively few illustrations with 36 illustrations, perhaps because the books of Solomon and those of the prophets contained there tell fewer stories that could be understood with images.
  4. ↑ Hans Wegener , Die Bücher Moses, Josua, Richter and Ruth (pal. Germ. 16), in: Descriptive Directory [...] , Leipzig 1927, pp. 72–75, provides a tabular overview of the contents shown in the drawings ( Digitized ; accessed April 2, 2020).
  5. ↑ Wegener, Descriptive Directory [...] , Leipzig 1927, p. 75 and justification p. 76 ( digital copy ; accessed April 3, 2020).
  6. ↑ all quotations from Wegener's description of the biblical manuscript Cod. Pal. germ. 16 and related to the draftsman A , from whom almost all illustrations of the nine manuscripts of the Henfflin workshop come. Hans Wegener: The workshop of Ludwig Hennfflin . In: Descriptive Directory ... , Leipzig 1927, pp. 75–76 ( digitized version ; accessed April 3, 2020).
  7. ↑ Wegener, Descriptive Directory [...] , Leipzig 1927, p. 72 ( digitized version ; accessed April 3, 2020).
  8. ↑ Ulrike Spyra, Maria Effinger: Swabian workshop of Ludwig Henfflin , Heidelberg University Library 03/2012; accessed April 3, 2020.
  9. ↑ Ulrike Spyra, Maria Effinger: Cod. Pal. germ. 16-18: 3-volume bible, AT, German , UB-Heidelberg 03/2012; accessed April 3, 2020.
  10. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, the information in this section follows the description by Karin Zimmermann: Cod. Pal. germ. 16 . In: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 1–181) . Wiesbaden 2003, p. 40 ( digitized version ; accessed March 27, 2020).
  11. ↑ Wegener (1927), descriptive directory ... , p. 71 ( digitized version ); also Spyra / Effinger (2009) Cod. Pal. germ. 16-18 ... , web presence UB-Heidelberg. See, however, the observation of an isolated second hand (Cod. Pal. Germ. 17, sheet 276r / v) in Zimmermann (2003), Die Codices Palatini germanici [...] , p. 41 ( digitized version ). Web links accessed April 4, 2020.
  12. ↑ Historical overview on the website of the Heidelberg University Library : The Bibliotheca Palatina - Fates of a world-famous library ; accessed March 27, 2020. Detailed description with further information from Karin Zimmermann in: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. germ. 1–181) . Wiesbaden 2003, Introduction , pp. XI – XXVIII ( digitized version ; accessed March 27, 2020).
  13. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, the information in this section follows the description by Karin Zimmermann: Cod. Pal. germ. 16 . In: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 1–181) . Wiesbaden 2003, pp. 40–41 ( digitized version ; accessed March 27, 2020).
  14. ↑ Ulrike Spyra, Maria Effinger: Cod. Pal. germ. 16-18: 3-volume bible, AT, German , UB-Heidelberg 03/2012; accessed April 3, 2020.