Codex Palatinus germanicus 17

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Cod. Pal. germ 17, leaf 252V. Judith - Judit and her attendants left Bethulia to the camp of Holofernes to go

The Codex Palatinus germanicus 17 is a late medieval manuscript from the former Bibliotheca Palatina in Heidelberg . The Codex belongs to the Codices Palatini germanici , the German-language manuscripts of the Palatina, which have been kept in the Heidelberg University Library since 1816 ; The signature of the Heidelberg University Library and the common scientific name is Cod. Pal. germ. 17 (short form: Cpg 17 ).

The illuminated manuscript is the second volume of a three-part German-language Bible with writings from the Old Testament ; the first ( Cod. Pal. germ. 16 ) and the third volume ( Cod. Pal. germ. 18 ) are also preserved in Heidelberg.

All three codices were in 1477 on behalf of Margaret of Savoy from the workshop of Ludwig Henfflin produced, probably in Stuttgart.

This second volume contains the second part of the biblical history books and the book of Job .

description

Cod. Pal. germ. 17, sheet 253v: Book Judit - Judit kneels with folded hands and accompanied by three of her maids in front of Holofernes
Cod. Pal. germ. 17, sheet 255r: Book of Judit - Judit and Holofernes sit at a table in front of the open tent of Holofernes, in the background the army camp and the walls and buildings of the besieged city of Betulia
Cod. Pal. germ. 17, sheet 255v: Book of Judit - Judit and her three servants put the head of Holofernes into the cover of a pillow, on the left the open tent of Holofernes with the headless torso on the bed
Cod. Pal. germ. 17, sheet 256r: Book of Judit - Judit leaves the camp of Holofernes with her servants and returns to the city
Cod. Pal. germ. 17, sheet 256v: Book of Judit - Judit shows the people the head of Holofernes
Cod. Pal. germ. 17, sheet 257v: Book Judit - Judit shows the head of Holofernes on the city wall

The Codex is a paper manuscript with 307 leaves. The foliation of the 17th century counts the sheets 1–301 with text; the blank sheets 1 * –3 * and 302 * –304 * are provided with modern counting. Sheet 1 was accidentally added when it was re-incorporated in Rome, it does not come from the Henfflin workshop , but from the Diebold Lauber workshop and actually belongs as an illustration to the prologue of Cod. Pal. germ. 20 .

The sheet size of the manuscript is 39.6 × 27.3 cm, with a text space of 27–28 × 15.5–16.5 cm written in two columns with 30 to 37 lines per page. Written form is a bastarda by one hand; a second clerk may have to be accepted for sheet 276r / v. Image headings, chapter numbers and page headings are in red.

The initials are executed in red and blue and extend over three to five lines (e.g. leaves 2r, 72v, 142r). You are with easy fleuronnée decorated -Besatz and ornamentation in the internal field, some with additional small profile grimaces (leaves 4r, 44r, 140r and more often). Chapter beginnings are with red, red-violet or blue Lombards marked. There are also numerous cadelles as decorative elements, ink-colored and red.

The parchment binding was supplemented in Rome in the 17th century and given the title "16 / BIBLIORVM / Pars II" on the back.

Miniatures

All three volumes of the biblical manuscript Cod. Pal. germ. 16–18 are unusually richly illustrated with a total of 308 miniatures . Only the second part of the volume, Cod. Pal, dealt with here . germ. 17 is illustrated with 139 colored pen-and-ink drawings, regularly also on consecutive pages. The drawings are made by a draftsman, draftsman A , who also furnished all of the other manuscripts in the Henfflin workshop .

In the assessment by Hans Wegener ( Descriptive Directory , 1927), the quality of the draftsman's work is overall "quite insignificant"; From his point of view, the colored drawings are "carefully, but very temperamental and unimaginative", and "individual scenes [...] surprise him with the primitiveness of the depiction". This rating is a bit irritating because Wegener also emphasizes that the client of the Bible manuscript, Margarete von Savoyen, was spoiled by her origins with excellent book art and certainly selected the best draftsman.

The more recent research, on the other hand, emphasizes the entertaining character of the picture sequences and the clarity of the representations from the Henfflin workshop , also sees the effort to gain perspective compared to earlier Alsatian illustrators and emphasizes the correctness of the proportions in the figure representation. Only the facial expressions are described as "largely expressionless", the faces often show "a cheerfulness that does not match the text". A special feature of the drawings is their modern narrative character and the richness of detail in the representations. The illustrator from the Henfflin workshop actually designed “ cycles of illustration” and often made use of the trick of “simultaneous illustration” by depicting successive situations of a story in parallel in a single representation.

origin

Like the other two volumes of the Bible manuscript, the manuscript was made in 1477 by Ludwig Henfflin's workshop , presumably in Stuttgart.

Contracting Authority of all manuscripts of the workshop Henfflin was Margaret of Savoy , the third wife of Ulrich V , Count of Württemberg-Stuttgart , was married. Previously, she was in second marriage with the Elector Palatine Ludwig IV. Been married; the only child from this marriage, Elector Philipp von der Pfalz , inherited the manuscripts after Margaret's death in 1479. With this, the three Bible codices, like all manuscripts from the Henfflin workshop, finally came from Stuttgart to Heidelberg and became part of the Bibliotheca Palatina .

All three manuscripts were presumably written down by a scribe ( scribe A ), who can otherwise not be found in the manuscripts of this workshop. The writing language is Swabian.

Like the other manuscripts of the Electoral Palatinate Libraries, the Codex came into the possession of the Vatican Library in Rome after the conquest of the Electoral Palatinate in the Thirty Years War in 1622 and was only brought to Heidelberg in 1816 with the other German-language holdings of the Palatina as part of the regulations during the Congress of Vienna returned.

Content

The three-volume Bible manuscript Cod. Pal. germ. 16-18 is a copy of the corresponding chapters of a complete Bible print published by the printer Johannes Mentelin in 1466 in Strasbourg. The Mentelin Bible was the first ever to be printed in a vernacular , and it is the oldest pre-Lutheran Bible print in early New High German . The work was a "bestseller" at the time, although the interlinear translation from Latin into German was not easy to understand even in the 15th century.

Cod. Pal. germ. 17 , the second part, contains several books of the Old Testament of the Christian Bible : the second part of the biblical history books and the book of Job . In detail:

See also

literature

  • Karin Zimmermann : Cod. Pal. germ. 17th Bible AT (history books [2nd part], Job), German. In: Karin Zimmermann (arrangement), with the participation of Sonja Glauch, Matthias Miller, Armin Schlechter: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 1–181). Catalogs of the Heidelberg University Library, Volume 6. Reichert Verlag , Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 978-3-89500-152-9 , pp. 41–44 ( digitized version ).

Older catalogs:

  • Karl Bartsch : Pal. germ. 17. Translation of the Old Testament. [2] In: Karl Bartsch: The old German manuscripts of the university library in Heidelberg . Catalog of the manuscripts of the University Library in Heidelberg, volume 1. Verlag von Gustav Koester, Heidelberg 1887, No. 11, p. 7 ( digitized version ).
  • Hans Wegener : The books of the kings, Paralipomenon I and II, Esra, Tobias, Judith, Esther and Job. pal. germ. 17. In: Hans Wegener: Descriptive index of the German picture manuscripts of the late Middle Ages in the Heidelberg University Library. Verlagbuchhandlung J. J. Weber, Leipzig 1927, pp. 76–78 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Cod. Pal. germ. 17  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ The information in this section with subsection follows, unless otherwise noted, the description by Karin Zimmermann: Cod. Pal. germ. 17 . In: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 1–181) . Wiesbaden 2003, p. 41 ( digitized version ; accessed April 3, 2020).
  2. ↑ This observation on the occasional second hand can only be found in the description in Zimmermann (2003) ( Die Codices Palatini germanici [...] , p. 41, digitized version ). Wegener (1927) was based on a writer ( descriptive directory ... , p. 71, digitized version), as did Spyra / Effinger (2009) ( Cod. Pal. Germ. 16-18 ... , web presence UB-Heidelberg). Web links accessed April 4, 2020.
  3. ↑ Ulrike Spyra, Maria Effinger: Cod. Pal. germ. 16-18: three-volume bible, AT, German , website UB-Heidelberg, 04/2009; accessed April 1, 2020. Spyra / Effinger also show there that the density of the illustration is even more noticeable if you look at the volumes separately: the respective books of the Old Testament are in the first two volumes with 133 ( Cpg 16 ) or 139 ( Cpg 17 ) depictions illustrated almost without gaps. In contrast, the third volume ( Cpg 18 ) contains comparatively few illustrations with 36 illustrations, perhaps because the books of Solomon and those of the prophets contained there tell fewer stories that could be understood with images.
  4. ↑ A tabular overview of the contents shown in the drawings is provided by Hans Wegener , Die Bücher Könige [...] (pal. Germ. 17), in: Descriptive Directory [...] , Leipzig 1927, pp. 76–78 ( Digitized ; accessed April 3, 2020). Wegener prescribes 9v instead of 9r and 236r instead of 235v, s. Zimmermann, Cod. Pal. germ. 17 , 2003, p. 41 ( digitized version ; accessed April 3, 2020).
  5. ↑ Wegener, Descriptive Directory [...] , Leipzig 1927, p. 71 ( digitized version ; accessed April 3, 2020).
  6. ↑ all quotations from Wegener's description of the biblical manuscript Cod. Pal. germ. 16 and related to the draftsman A , from whom almost all illustrations of the nine manuscripts of the Henfflin workshop come. Hans Wegener: The workshop of Ludwig Hennfflin . In: Descriptive Directory ... , Leipzig 1927, pp. 75–76 ( digitized version ; accessed April 3, 2020).
  7. ↑ Wegener, Descriptive Directory [...] , Leipzig 1927, p. 72 ( digitized version ; accessed April 3, 2020).
  8. ↑ Ulrike Spyra, Maria Effinger: Swabian workshop of Ludwig Henfflin , Heidelberg University Library 03/2012; accessed April 3, 2020.
  9. ↑ Ulrike Spyra, Maria Effinger: Cod. Pal. germ. 16-18: 3-volume bible, AT, German , UB-Heidelberg 03/2012; accessed April 3, 2020.
  10. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, the information in this section follows the description by Karin Zimmermann: Cod. Pal. germ. 17 . In: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 1–181) . Wiesbaden 2003, p. 41 ( digitized version ; accessed April 4, 2020).
  11. ↑ Wegener (1927), descriptive directory ... , p. 71 ( digitized version ); also Spyra / Effinger (2009) Cod. Pal. germ. 16-18 ... , web presence UB-Heidelberg. See, however, the observation of an isolated second hand (Cod. Pal. Germ. 17, sheet 276r / v) in Zimmermann (2003), Die Codices Palatini germanici [...] , p. 41 ( digitized version ). Web links accessed April 4, 2020.
  12. ↑ Historical overview on the website of the Heidelberg University Library : The Bibliotheca Palatina - Fates of a world-famous library ; accessed March 27, 2020. Detailed description with further information from Karin Zimmermann in: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. germ. 1–181) . Wiesbaden 2003, Introduction , pp. XI – XXVIII ( digitized version ; accessed March 27, 2020).
  13. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, the information in this section follows the description by Karin Zimmermann: Cod. Pal. germ. 17 . In: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 1–181) . Wiesbaden 2003, pp. 41–44 ( digitized version ; accessed April 4, 2020).
  14. ↑ Ulrike Spyra, Maria Effinger: Cod. Pal. germ. 16-18: 3-volume bible, AT, German , UB-Heidelberg 03/2012; accessed April 3, 2020.
  15. ↑ Zimmermann counts here from p. 1r, so counts sheet 1 that is incorrectly bound (see above section description ); Zimmermann 2003, Cod. Pal. germ. 17 , p. 42 ( digitized version ; accessed April 4, 2020).