Consistoire Strasbourg

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The Consistoire Strasbourg (since 1919 again Consistoire Israélite du Bas-Rhin ; CIBR), with its seat in the French city ​​of Strasbourg , is a public corporation (établissement public du culte), which is a state-recognized umbrella organization of the Jewish communities in the Bas- Rhin acts. The consistory, like the Consistoire central israélite and a further twelve regional consistories, was created by Napoleon by an imperial decree of March 15, 1808. Since 1871 it has no longer been under the Consistoire central.

tasks

The consistories, which were given semi-state status, were supposed to regulate the internal affairs of the Jewish religious community based on the Protestant model . At the top of the three-tier hierarchical structure was the Consistoire central israélite (Central Consistory) in Paris , to which the regional consistories (Consistoires régionaux) were subordinate, to which the individual Jewish communities (communeautés juives) were subordinate. The Strasbourg Consistory has the task of supervising the practice of religion within the state laws and of determining and collecting taxes so that the organs of the Jewish denomination can meet their expenses.

Members

Attached to the consistory is a grand rabbi and rabbinate (grand-rabbin [at]), who is a born member of the consistory. The consistory has six lay members. They were originally chosen by Jewish notables from the affiliated communities. Today the representative bodies of the Jewish communities in the consistorial district elect the members of the consistory, who in turn elect the consistorial president. The elected must be confirmed and appointed by the French Prime Minister . Consistorial President Francis Lévy currently chairs it.

Jurisdiction

According to the Annuaire israélite for 1855/56, the Strasbourg consistory was solely responsible for the Bas-Rhin department. The affiliated Jewish communities had a total of 22,800 members.

1871 to 1918

After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 and the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine by the German Empire , the regional consistories of Colmar , Metz and Strasbourg, now on German territory, were retained. They were no longer subordinate to the Consistoire central in Paris, but regulated their affairs according to previous custom and monitored by the German state. Like representatives of the reformed consistorial districts, which had also lost their central leadership, representatives of the Israelite consistories in Alsace-Lorraine tried to form a new central leadership for the whole of Alsace-Lorraine. In 1872, President Eduard von Moeller rejected both requests, as he wanted to change the existing legal situation as little as possible before the establishment of Alsace-Lorraine legislative bodies. There was no umbrella organization, but the three Israelite consistories were regarded as a recognized religious community. In accordance with the new Alsace-Lorraine constitution of 1911, they sent a representative as a member of the first chamber of the Alsace-Lorraine state parliament . Until 1915 Adolf Ury sat for the Israelite consistory in the state parliament, then until 1919 Nathan Netter .

After 1918

When Alsace returned to France in 1919, the consistories had lost their public law status there as early as 1905 as part of the separation of church and state . Since then, these Israelite consistories have existed as purely private-law organs for voluntary administrative cooperation between the individual Jewish communities, organized according to consistorial districts, which usually include several departments.

When transferring the legal relationships of the three departments (Bas-Rhin, Haut-Rhin , and Moselle ), which make up the territory of the former Alsace-Lorraine, the French Republic proceeded according to the principle that all German regulations continue to exist as regional peculiarities, which as were considered more advantageous than the corresponding rules in the rest of France. Bismarck's social insurance, among other things, was retained in the three departments - something similar was not created until later in the rest of France - as well as the existing connections between state and religion, e.g. B. December 26th and Good Friday are also public holidays. The legal relationships that differ from the rest of France are considered Droit local en Alsace et en Moselle .

Therefore, the religious communities in the three departments (in addition to the Jewish, also the Catholic, Lutheran and Reformed communities) continue to levy the community or church tax, which is collected by the state tax offices as a direct deduction with the income tax. In contrast to the purely private law consistories in the rest of France - - as also the three Israelite consistories in Alsace (Bas-Rhin, Haut-Rhin) and Lorraine (Moselle) continue therefore the status of public corporations and will have consistoires concord ataires referred because their status - in analogy to the Concordat of 1801 with the Holy See - is regulated between the Republic and the Jewish religious community in Alsace and Lorraine, as it was in the rest of France until 1905.

In 1939 the consistory and the Grand Rabbinate were evacuated to the west and then to the free zone of France. The consistory took its seat in Périgueux . The rabbinical seminary existed, together with the Paris rabbinical seminary , in Limoges until 1943 . Grand Rabbi René Hirschler officiated for the exiled Jews of the Bas-Rhin from Marseille from 1940 until he was arrested and deported in December 1943. In 1945 surviving parishioners and officials returned to Alsace.

To this day, the strict separation between state and religion in the rest of France means that the three concordat Israelite consistories may not be subject to the Consistoire central, which has been regulated under private law since 1905. Any direct financing of religious communities from state levied municipal tax is illegal in the rest of France. Therefore, the concordat consistories cannot contribute to the financing of the private Jewish umbrella organization in the rest of France and are consequently only associated and involved in an advisory capacity on specialist issues. The three work together, however, and decide and finance everything for their consistorial districts independently.

Communities

The affiliated Jewish communities and their number of members in 1855 (probably approximate values ​​and no exact information according to the Annuaire). The municipalities that no longer exist are shown accordingly:

Grand Rabbi

List and comments according to source (see footnote).

  • 1808–1812: David Sinzheim , also Nassi (President) of the Great Synhedrion
  • 1812–1830: Jacob Meyer , already from 1809 on behalf of Sinzheim, who was mostly in Paris, also president of the consistory
  • 1830–1834: Seligmann Goudchaux , then chief rabbi at the Consistoire du Haut-Rhin in Colmar
  • 1834–1890: Arnaud Aron, also president of the consistory
  • 1890–1899: Isaac Weil , previously from 1886 Grand Rabbi at the Metz Consistory
  • 1899–1915: Adolf Ury , previously from 1890 Grand Rabbi at the Metz Consistory
  • 1915–1919: Émile Lévy , also field rabbi in the imperial German army.
  • 1920–1939: Isaïe Schwartz , then Grand Rabbi of France until 1952
  • 1939–1943: René Hirschler , mobilized as a field rabbi in August 1939, from 1940 in Marseille, deported in 1943 and died of typhus in Ebensee in 1945.
  • 1943–1947: vacancy
  • 1947–1970: Abraham Deutsch , from 1944 provisional for Hirschler, who was still hoped for at the time
  • 1970–1987: Max Warschawski , from 1961 already deputy chief rabbi at the Consistoire du Bas-Rhin
  • 1987-2017: René Gutman
  • from 2017: Abraham Weill

literature

  • Annuaire pour l'an du monde 5616 from 13 septembre 1855 to 29 septembre 1856 à l'usage des israélites , 6th year, Paris (Librairie israélite) 1855
  • Calendar à l'usage des israélites pour l'année 5636 de la création du monde (1875/76), Paris 1875

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d "Specificité du Consistoire" , based on: Consistoire israélite du Bas-Rhein , accessed on September 3, 2011.
  2. ↑ a b c "Composition actuelle et domiciliation" , based on: Consistoire israélite du Bas-Rhein , accessed on September 3, 2011.
  3. ^ Robert Weyl, "La communauté juive de Strasbourg entre le libéralisme et la tradition (1808-1988)", suite 4 , to: Consistoire israélite du Bas-Rhein , accessed on September 3, 2011.
  4. ^ Anthony Steinhoff, The gods of the city: Protestantism and religious culture in Strasbourg, 1870-1914 , Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2008, p. 80. ISBN 9789004164055 .
  5. ^ Anthony Steinhoff, The gods of the city: Protestantism and religious culture in Strasbourg, 1870-1914 , Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2008, p. 81. ISBN 9789004164055 .
  6. ↑ full text (§ 6 II)
  7. ^ A b c Robert Weyl, "La communauté juive de Strasbourg entre le libéralisme et la tradition (1808-1988)", suite 5 , to: Consistoire israélite du Bas-Rhein , accessed on September 3, 2011.
  8. ^ "René Hirschler 1905 - 1945" , on: Consistoire israélite du Bas-Rhein , accessed on September 3, 2011.
  9. ↑ The same applies to the exempten dioceses of Metz and Strasbourg , as well as the Lutheran regional church ( EPCAAL , with the Lutheran senior consistory in Strasbourg) and the reformed EPRAL (with the reformed consistory), which are also strictly separated from the denominational churches in the rest of France .
  10. ^ Max Warschawski, "Le Grand Rabbinat de Strasbourg et du Bas-Rhin" , on: Consistoire israélite du Bas-Rhein , accessed on September 3, 2011.
  11. ↑ Although he was originally from Alsace, he resigned at the instigation of Francophile parishioners. He first emigrated to Germany and in the mid-1930s to Tel Aviv, where he died in 1953. See Robert Weyl, "La communauté juive de Strasbourg entre le libéralisme et la tradition (1808-1988)", suite 5 , in: Consistoire israélite du Bas-Rhein , accessed on September 3, 2011.
  12. ↑ Elise Descamps, "Harold Weill, le jeune grand-rabbin de Strasbourg" , La Croix, May 16, 2017.