Consistoire Metz

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The Consistoire Metz (Consistoire Israélite de la Moselle; CIM), based in the French city ​​of Metz , is a public corporation (établissement public du culte) that functions as a state-recognized umbrella organization for the Jewish communities in the Moselle department . The Consistoire israélite, like the Consistoire central israélite and another twelve regional consistories, was created by Napoleon by an imperial decree of March 15, 1808. The affiliated Jewish communities had a total of 1,517 members in 1808. Since 1871 the Metz Consistory is no longer subordinate to the Consistoire central.

tasks

The consistories, which were given semi-state status, were supposed to regulate the internal affairs of the Jewish religious community based on the Protestant model . At the top of the three-tier hierarchical structure was the Consistoire central israélite (Central Consistory) in Paris , to which the regional consistories (Consistoires régionaux) were subordinate, to which the individual Jewish communities (communautés juives) were subordinate. The consistories had the task of supervising the practice of religion within the state laws and of setting and collecting taxes so that the organs of the Jewish denomination could meet their expenses.

In 1829 the Consistoire central opened a central rabbinical seminary ( Séminaire Israélite ) in Metz , which was moved to Paris in 1859.

Members

Each regional consistory had a chief rabbi and four lay members elected by the Jewish notables of the affiliated communities.

Jurisdiction

After Annuaire israélite for 1855/56 the consistory of Metz was for the departments of Ardennes and Moselle responsible. The affiliated Jewish communities had a total of 9,000 members in 1855. After 1871, the Consistoire Metz was only responsible for the Lorraine district formed after the German annexation (see next chapter).

1871 to 1918

After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 and the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine by the German Empire , the regional consistories, Colmar , Strasbourg and Metz, now on German territory, were retained. They were no longer subordinate to the Consistoire central in Paris, but regulated their affairs according to previous custom and monitored by the German state. Like representatives of the reformed consistorial districts, which had also lost their central leadership, representatives of the Israelite consistories in Alsace-Lorraine tried to form a new central leadership for the whole of Alsace-Lorraine. In 1872, President Eduard von Moeller rejected both requests, as he wanted to change the existing legal situation as little as possible before the establishment of Alsace-Lorraine legislative bodies. There was no umbrella organization, but the three Israelite consistories were regarded as a recognized religious community. In accordance with the new Alsace-Lorraine constitution of 1911, they sent a representative as a member of the first chamber of the Alsace-Lorraine state parliament . Until 1915 Adolf Ury , chief rabbi at the Metz consistory from 1890/91 to 1899, sat for the Israelite consistories in the state parliament, then until 1919 Nathan Netter .

After 1918

When Alsace returned to France in 1919, the consistories had lost their public law status there as early as 1905 as part of the separation of church and state . Since then, these Israelite consistories have existed as purely private-law organs of the individual Jewish communities.

When transferring the legal relationships of the three departments ( Bas-Rhin , Haut-Rhin and Moselle), which make up the territory of the former Alsace-Lorraine, the French Republic proceeded on the principle that all German regulations continue to exist as regional peculiarities that are advantageous were regarded as the corresponding rules in the rest of France. Bismarck's social insurance, among other things, was retained in the three departments - something similar was not created until later in the rest of France - as well as the existing connections between state and religion, e.g. B. December 26th and Good Friday are also public holidays. The legal relationships that differ from the rest of France are considered Droit local en Alsace et en Moselle .

Therefore, the religious communities in the three departments (in addition to the Jewish, also the Catholic, Lutheran and Reformed communities) continue to levy the community or church tax, which is collected by the state tax offices as a direct deduction with the income tax. In contrast to the purely private law consistories in the rest of France - - as also the three Israelite consistories in Alsace (Bas-Rhin, Haut-Rhin) and Lorraine (Moselle) continue therefore the status of public corporations and will have consistoires concord ataires referred because their status - in analogy to the Concordat of 1801 with the Holy See - is regulated between the Republic and the Jewish religious community in Alsace and Lorraine, as it was in the rest of France until 1905.

To this day, the strict separation between state and religion in the rest of France means that the three concordat Israelite consistories may not be subject to the Consistoire central, which has been regulated under private law since 1905. Any direct financing of religious communities from state levied municipal tax is illegal in the rest of France. Therefore, the concordat consistories cannot contribute to the financing of the private Jewish umbrella organization in the rest of France and are consequently only associated and involved in an advisory capacity on specialist issues. The three work together, however, and decide and finance everything for their consistorial districts independently.

Communities

The affiliated Jewish communities and their number of members in 1855 (probably approximate values ​​and no exact information according to the Annuaire).

literature

  • Annuaire pour l'an du monde 5616 from 13 septembre 1855 to 29 septembre 1856 à l'usage des israélites , 6th year, Paris (Librairie israélite) 1855
  • Calendar à l'usage des israélites pour l'année 5636 de la création du monde (1875/76), Paris 1875
  • Les Juifs et la Lorraine. Un millénaire d'histoire partagée , Paris 2009, ISBN 978-2-7572-0257-9 [not evaluated]

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anthony Steinhoff, The gods of the city: Protestantism and religious culture in Strasbourg, 1870-1914 , Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2008, p. 80. ISBN 9789004164055 .
  2. ^ Anthony Steinhoff, The gods of the city: Protestantism and religious culture in Strasbourg, 1870-1914 , Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2008, p. 81. ISBN 9789004164055 .
  3. ↑ The same applies to the exempten dioceses of Metz and Strasbourg , as well as the Lutheran regional church ( EPCAAL , with the Lutheran senior consistory in Strasbourg) and the reformed EPRAL (with the reformed consistory), which are also strictly separated from the denominational churches in the rest of France .