Parliament of the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine
Country flag | State coat of arms |
---|---|
Basic data | |
Seat: | Strasbourg |
Elective system : | Majority vote |
Number of votes ( Federal Council ): |
3 |
Calculation method: | ./. |
Number of constituencies : | 60 |
Eligible voters : | 378.036 |
Legislative period : | 3 years |
First session: |
The Landtag of the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine was the state parliament and thus the legislature of the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine in the German Empire .
State Committee
After the Franco-Prussian War , Alsace-Lorraine was directly assigned to the Reich as a state and had no statehood of its own. It was not until an imperial decree of October 29, 1874 that a representative body of the Reich was established, the state committee.
The members of the state committee were not elected by the people, but appointed by the district assembly . The three district days for Lorraine , Upper Alsace and Lower Alsace each determined ten members.
In 1879 the state committee was expanded. The now 58 members were elected indirectly by the district assemblies (Lothringen 11, Oberelsass 10, Unterelsass 13), the independent cities (1 member each from Strasbourg , Mulhouse , Metz and Colmar ) and the counties (20 members).
The state committee initially only had an advisory role. In 1877 the state committee received a legislative function and budgetary law. From 1879, the state committee received a legislative initiative right. However, its decisions required the approval of the Federal Council.
Legal basis and structure
With the constitution of the realm of Alsace-Lorraine on May 31, 1911, the state committee was replaced by a directly elected state parliament.
First chamber
The introduction of a first chamber was criticized across parties in the Reichsland. While the first chambers in the other parts of the empire had historical reasons, there was no aristocratic class to be included in the empire through a first chamber. So the First Chamber was a pure dignitaries parliament . The emperor's appointment rights were particularly criticized.
The first chamber consisted of:
- the two Roman Catholic bishops of the Reichsland (the Bishop of Metz ( Willibrord Benzler ) and the Bishop of Strasbourg ( Adolf Fritzen ))
- the President of the Upper Consistory of the Church of Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine ( Friedrich Curtius )
- the President of the Synodal Council of the Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine , Karl Piepenbring
- the President of the Colmar Higher Regional Court ( Otto von Vacano , from 1913: Hugo Molitor )
- a representative of the University of Strasbourg , Wilhelm Wiegand
- a representative of the Israelite consistory for Upper Alsace , Lorraine and Lower Alsace (1912–1915: Adolf Ury , 1915–1919: Nathan Netter )
- four representatives of the larger cities:
- Strasbourg (Mayor Rudolf Schwander )
- Metz (Mayor Roger Joseph Foret )
- Colmar (Mayor Daniel Blumenthal )
- Mulhouse ( Michel Diemer-Heilmann )
- four representatives of the chambers of commerce:
- Strasbourg Chamber of Commerce : Charles Léon Ungemach
- Metz Chamber of Commerce : Theodor Müller
- Colmar Chamber of Commerce : Emile André Kiener
- Chamber of Commerce Mulhouse : Theodor Schlumberger (in Mulhouse Eduard Köchlin was initially elected, but he returned the mandate before the opening of the state parliament)
- namely
six representatives of the Agriculture Council
- Sebastian Pius Gegauff and Friedrich Paul Greiner (Democrat) for the Agriculture Council Alsace-Lorraine (Upper Alsace)
- Michael Baerst (without party affiliation, liberal) and Michel Diebolt (liberal) for the Agriculture Council Alsace-Lorraine (Lower Alsace)
- Augustin Henry (died after the opening of the state parliament) and Amedée Jean-Baptiste René Paié for the Alsace-Lorraine Agriculture Council (Lorraine)
- two representatives of the Chamber of Crafts ( Francois Xavier Ley ( center ) and Wilhelm Weißmann (liberal))
- three representatives of the trade unions
as well as other members who were appointed by the emperor on the proposal of the Federal Council.
- Gustav Abt (no party membership, national liberal)
- Hubert Franz Maria Graf von Andlau-Homburg (without party membership, center)
- Ferdinand Gustav Hans von Arnim , General
- Otto Back , Undersecretary of State and Mayor of Strasbourg
- René Bian mayor and landowner in Sentheim
- David Emil Bronnert (liberal)
- Albert Grégoire (Loth.Block, liberal)
- Johannes Hoeffel (German Reich Party)
- Paul Laband
- Hugo Miethe , director of the hut
- Walther von Moßner , General
- Johann Josef Rech , Mayor of Sablon
- Sigismund Karl Maria Freiherr von Reinach , landowner and mayor in Hirzbach
- Heinrich Ruland , Counselor
- Carl Georg Rudolf Max Schmidt , President of the General Management of the Reich Railways
- Leo Vonderscheer (center)
- Josef Johann Meckel , main teacher
- Franz Freiherr Zorn von Bulach , Auxiliary Bishop of Strasbourg
The first chamber elected its presidium at its session on November 22, 1911.
- President: Former Mayor Otto Back (1911 to 1917), Johannes Hoeffel (1917–1918)
- 1st Vice President: Johannes Hoeffel , doctor from Buchsweiler
- 2 Vice-President: Grégoire, Lorraine
- Secretary:
- Leo Vonderscheer
- Kiener
- Dieboldt-Weber
Second chamber
The second chamber consisted of 60 MPs who were elected on the principle of majority voting in 60 constituencies for a term of three years. In contrast to the first chamber, which consisted of dignitaries, it was also called the “People's Parliament”. The minimum age for eligibility was 25 years. Citizens aged 25 and over had the right to vote. The modalities for the constituency boundaries were regulated by an ordinance of July 3, 1911.
State election 1911
The first and only state elections for the 2nd Chamber took place on October 22, 1911 (on October 29, 1911 a single seat was determined in a by-election).
Voting behavior was very much determined by nationality. In Lorraine, the eight constituencies west of the language border fell to the French-speaking Lorraine Bloc with large majorities. The German parties renounced candidacies here. The exception was the SPD, which was only a splinter party here. On the German-speaking side, most of the mandates went to the Center (8 mandates) and the Liberals (4 mandates). Also to compensate for the fact that the German candidates in the French-speaking parts of the country did not have the opportunity to get into parliament due to the majority vote, there are two members of this population group appointed by the emperor among the members of the first chamber with Albert Grégoire and Johann Josef Rech.
State election 1911 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Political party | Voting share in% | Seats | |
Alsace-Lorraine Center Party | 31.0% | 24 seats | |
SPD Alsace-Lorraine | 23.8% | 11 seats | |
Alsace-Lorraine | 16.3% | 10 seats | |
Liberal Democrats | 15.9% | 7 seats | |
Independent - Liberal | 6.9% | 5 seats | |
Independent - center | 1.4% | 1 seat | |
Independently progressive | 1.1% | 1 seat | |
Various rights | 0.8% | 1 seat |
(To 100% missing votes = nominations not represented in the state parliament)
Explanations of the parties and electoral lists:
- ELZ: Alsace-Lorraine Center Party
- Independent - Liberal: Independent candidates supported by the Liberal Democrats
- Independent Center: Independent candidates supported by the Center
- Independent progressive: independent candidates close to the SPD
- Various rights: independent candidates close to the ELZ
- Alsace-Lorraine: Various francophone parties (mainly from Lorraine)
List of members of the Second Chamber
image | Surname | Political party | district | Constituency | Constituency number | annotation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Joseph Heinrich | center | Upper Alsace | Constituency Pfirt Hirsingen ( Canton Pfirt and Canton Hirsingen ) |
1 | ||
Eugene Ricklin | center | Upper Alsace | Constituency Altkirch-Dammerkirch ( Canton Dammerkirch and Canton Hirsingen ) |
2 | president | |
Charles Hindelang | SPD | Upper Alsace | Constituency Colmar-Stadt (City of Colmar without the district west of the Strasbourg-Basel railway line and the municipality of Hausen ) |
3 | ||
Jacques Always | Liberal Democrats | Upper Alsace | Constituency Colmar-Münster-Winzenheim (the district of Colmar west of the Strasbourg-Basel railway line, the canton of Münster and the municipalities of Türkheim , Walbach , Winzenheim and Zimmerbach ) |
4th | Secretary | |
Joseph Kubler | center | Upper Alsace | Constituency Neubreisach-Andolsheim municipality ( Heiligkreuz , canton Neubreisach , canton Andolsheim without the municipality Hausen and the canton Wintzenheim without the municipalities Türkheim , Walbach , Winzenheim and Zimmerbach ) |
5 | ||
Gustav Robert Schlumberger | Liberal Democrats | Upper Alsace | Constituency Gebweiler-Sulz ( canton Gebweiler and the communities Sulz and Jungholz ) |
6th | ||
Joseph Rudolf | center | Upper Alsace | Bollweiler-Ensisheim-Rufach constituency ( canton Ensisheim and canton Rufach as well as canton Sulz excluding the communities Sulz and Jungholz ) |
7th | ||
Leopold Emmel | SPD | Upper Alsace | Mulhouse I constituency (Police stations I and VI of the city of Mulhouse ) |
8th | ||
Joseph Schilling | SPD | Upper Alsace | Mulhouse II constituency (Police stations II and III of the city of Mulhouse) |
9 | ||
Eduard Drumm | Liberal Democrats | Upper Alsace | Mulhouse III constituency (Police stations IV and V of the city of Mulhouse) |
10 | ||
Jean Martin | SPD | Upper Alsace | Mulhouse-Land constituency ( Canton of Mulhouse-North and Canton of Mulhouse-South excluding the city of Mulhouse) |
11 | ||
Joseph Brom | center | Upper Alsace | Hüningen-Sierenz constituency ( canton of Hüningen and the communities of Bartenheim , Kembs , and Sierenz ) |
12 | ||
Médard Jules Brogly | center | Upper Alsace | Habsheim-Landser constituency ( canton of Habsheim and canton of Landser excluding the municipalities of Bartenheim , Kembs , and Sierenz ) |
13 | ||
Emile Wetterlé | Center, NB | Upper Alsace | Constituency Rappoltsweiler-Kaysersberg ( Canton Rappoltsweiler and Canton Kaysersberg ) |
14th | ||
Laurent Meyer | SPD | Upper Alsace | Markirch-Schnierlach constituency ( Canton Markirch and Canton Schnierlach ) |
15th | ||
Joseph Remy | center | Upper Alsace | Sennheim-Masmünster constituency | 16 | ||
Eugène Müller | center | Upper Alsace | Constituency of Thann-St. Amarin | 17th | ||
Georg Wolf | (Strasbourg) Liberal Democrats | Lower Alsace | Strasbourg I constituency | 18th | 2nd Vice President | |
Karl Burger | Liberal Democrats | Lower Alsace | Strasbourg II constituency | 19th | ||
Eugene Imbs | SPD | Lower Alsace | Strasbourg III constituency | 20th | ||
Georg-Wilhelm Wolfer | SPD | Lower Alsace | Strasbourg IV constituency | 21st | Secretary | |
Bernhard Böhle | SPD | Lower Alsace | Strasbourg constituency V | 22nd | 1st Vice President | |
Jacques Peirotes | SPD | Lower Alsace | Strasbourg VI constituency | 23 | ||
Richard Fuchs | SPD | Lower Alsace | Schiltigheim constituency | 24 | ||
Laurent Fischer | center | Lower Alsace | Brumath constituency | 25th | ||
Franz Joseph Fix | non-attached | Lower Alsace | Truchtersheim-Hochfelden constituency | 26th | ||
Alphonse Gilliot | center | Lower Alsace | Erstein-Benfeld constituency | 27 | Secretary | |
Franz Xaver Martz | center | Lower Alsace | Geispolsheim-Oberehnheim constituency | 28 | ||
Karl Hauss | center | Lower Alsace | Hagenau constituency | 29 | ||
Georg Atzel | non-attached | Lower Alsace | Bischweiler constituency | 30th | ||
Johannes Michel | Liberal Democrats | Lower Alsace | Niederbronn constituency | 31 | ||
Michel Heysch | SPD | Lower Alsace | Schirmeck-Saales-Rosheim constituency | 32 | ||
Nicolaus Delsor | Center, NB | Lower Alsace | Molsheim-Wasselnheim constituency | 33 | ||
Joseph Pfleger | center | Lower Alsace | Schlettstadt-Markolsheim constituency | 34 | ||
Alphons Schott | center | Lower Alsace | Barr hamlet constituency | 35 | ||
Heinrich Wiltberger | center | Lower Alsace | Weissenburg-Lauterburg-Selz constituency | 36 | ||
Alfred Wolf (Hunspach) | Liberal Democrats | Lower Alsace | Sulz constituency under Walde-Wörth | 37 | ||
Louis François Marie Auguste Knoepffler | center | Lower Alsace | Zabern-Maursmünster constituency | 38 | ||
Georg Wehrung | Liberal Democrats | Lower Alsace | Saarunion-Drulingen constituency | 39 | ||
Eduard Meyer | Liberal Democrats | Lower Alsace | Buchsweiler-Lützelstein constituency | 40 | ||
Max Donnevert | Liberal Democrats | Lorraine | Metz I constituency | 41 | ||
Nikolaus Jung | Lothringer Block | Lorraine | Metz II constituency | 42 | ||
Louis Pierson | Lothringer Block | Lorraine | Gorze-Verny-Pange constituency | 43 | ||
Adolf Heinrich Karl Steinmetz | Liberal Democrats | Lorraine | Montigny-Sablon constituency | 44 | ||
Johann Norbert Hinsberg | Liberal Democrats | Lorraine | Vigy-Rombach constituency | 45 | ||
Alexis Weber | Lothringer Block | Lorraine | Bolchen-Falkenberg constituency | 46 | ||
Joseph Bourger | Lothringer Block | Lorraine | Busendorf-Teterchen constituency | 47 | ||
Johann Labroise | Lothringer Block | Lorraine | Constituency of Château-Salins-Delme-Vic | 48 | ||
Maurice Barthélémy | Lothringer Block | Lorraine | Albesdorf-Dieuze constituency | 49 | ||
François room | Lothringer Block | Lorraine | Diedenhofen-Großhettingen constituency | 50 | Secretary | |
Fernand Schuman | Lothringer Block | Lorraine | Kattenhofen-Sierck-Metzerwiese constituency | 51 | ||
François Fick | Lothringer Block | Lorraine | Constituency of Fentsch-Algringen | 52 | ||
Nicolas Engel | Lothringer Block | Lorraine | Hayingen-Großmoyeuvre constituency | 53 | ||
Joseph Collet | center | Lorraine | Forbach constituency | 54 | ||
Louis Hackspill | Liberal Democrats | Lorraine | St. Avold constituency | 55 | ||
Victor Michel Heymès | center | Lorraine | Großtännchen-Saaralben constituency | 56 | ||
Georg Müller | center | Lorraine | Saarburg-Lörchingen constituency | 57 | ||
Louis Meyer (Walscheid) | center | Lorraine | Pfalzburg-Finstingen-Rixingen constituency | 58 | ||
Franz Hoen | center | Lorraine | Saargemünd constituency | 59 | ||
Jakob Hessemann | center | Lorraine | Bitsch-Rohrbach-Wolmünster constituency | 60 |
Constituencies
According to the electoral law, a fixed number of one-person constituencies per district was determined by imperial ordinance in such a way that the population of the administrative district is distributed as evenly as possible across the individual constituencies and the constituencies are locally connected. The following constituencies were allocated to the districts:
circle | Number of MPs |
---|---|
Altkirch (district) | 2 MPs |
Colmar (district) | 3 MPs |
Gebweiler (district) | 2 MPs |
Mulhouse (district) | 6 MPs |
Rappoltsweiler (district) | 2 MPs |
Thann (circle) | 2 MPs |
Strasbourg (urban district) | 6 MPs |
Strasbourg (district) | 3 MPs |
Erstein (circle) | 2 MPs |
Hagenau (district) | 3 MPs |
Molsheim (district) | 2 MPs |
Schlettstadt (district) | 2 MPs |
Weißenburg (district) | 2 MPs |
Zabern (circle) | 3 MPs |
Metz (urban district) | 2 MPs |
Metz (district) | 3 MPs |
Bolchen (circle) | 2 MPs |
Château-Salins (district) | 2 MPs |
Diedenhofen-Ost (district) | 2 MPs |
Diedenhofen-West (district) | 2 MPs |
Forbach (district) | 3 MPs |
Saarburg (district) | 2 MPs |
Saargemünd (district) | 2 MPs |
In the first World War
With the beginning of World War I , the German-conservative Reich leadership had doubts about the loyalty of the inhabitants of the Reichsland to the German Reich. This also applied to a number of members of the state parliament. The military leadership in Alsace-Lorraine feared a critical debate about the war. Instead of the discussed dissolution of the state parliament, it was decided that the state parliament was allowed to meet in order to pass the state budget and pending laws, but that the resolution had to be passed without political debate. Under these conditions, the 1915 session of the state parliament took place from April 8 to 15, 1915. In the following year, the members of parliament ensured that an open debate could take place at least in a closed session of the budget commission. There was no debate in the Landtag in the 1916 session from April 26 to May 26, 1916, in the 1917 session (June 5 to July 12, 1917) and in the last regular session from April 12 to 30, 1918 more.
1918/19
On November 11, 1918, the Alsace-Lorraine Landtag declared itself a National Council and thus the sole authority of the Reichsland. A day later, a sovereign Alsace-Lorraine was proclaimed and all the tasks of the ministry and the Reich governor were taken over. However, this independence was not recognized by the French occupying power. On December 6, 1918, the state parliament voted for annexation to France. The realm of Alsace-Lorraine, and with it the state parliament, was dissolved on October 17, 1919 and from then on administered by a general directorate in Paris.
building
The state parliament building was built between 1888 and 1892 by the architects August Hartel and Skjøld Neckelmann for the state committee in neoclassical style. During the First World War it was used as a military hospital. The building is now the seat of the Théâtre national de Strasbourg and its address is Place de la République .
See also
literature
- Elections in Germany
- State Statistical Office for Alsace-Lorraine: The regional elections of 1911 in Alsace-Lorraine. Special issue of the news of the National Statistical Office for Alsace-Lorraine. Printing house of the Straßburger Neuesten Nachrichten AG, Strasbourg 1911, pp. 5–37.
- Hermann Hiery: Elections and voting behavior in the realm of Alsace-Lorraine 1871-1914. In: Ara and Kolb: Border regions in the age of nationalisms - Alsace-Lorraine / Trient-Triest. 1998
- Government and Parliament of Alsace-Lorraine 1911–1916. Biographical-statistical manual. Mulhouse 1911
- Negotiations of the second chamber of the state parliament for Alsace-Lorraine. (12 volumes), Strasbourg printing and publishing house, formerly R. Schultz u. Comp., 1912-1917
- Constitution of May 31, 1911 Online
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Reichsgesetzblatt 1874, p. 492, Gesetzblatt für Elsaß-Lothringen 1874, p. 37, text of the decree
- ^ Law on Wikisource; here: § 12 ff.
- ^ Text of the 1911 constitution
- ↑ Sophie Charlotte Preibusch: Constitutional developments in the Alsace-Lorraine 1871-1918: Integration by constitutional law ?, 2010, ISBN 3-8305-2047-6 , page 417 ff. Online
- ^ Ernest Hamburger: Jews in public life in Germany, 1968, ISBN 3-16-829292-3 , page 392 online
- ^ Fritz Bronner: The constitutional efforts of the regional committee for Alsace-Lorraine 1875-1911, 1926, pp. 142-143
- ^ Ordinance on the division of the regional electoral districts for Alsace-Lorraine from July 3, 1911 ( Reichsgesetzblatt p. 267)
- ^ Roth, François: Le personnel politique de la Lorraine pendant l'annexion à l'empire Allemand 1871-1918. De la France vers l'Allemagne - De l'Allemagne vers la France. In: European History Thematic Portal (2007), online
- ^ Government and Parliament of Alsace-Lorraine 1911–1916. Biographical-statistical manual. Mulhouse 1911
- ↑ Wilhelm Heinz Schröder : Social Democratic Parliamentarians in the German Reich and Landtag 1876-1933 (BIOSOP) ( Memento of the original from September 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Election regulations for the elections to the second chamber of the Landtag for Alsace-Lorraine on July 3, 1911 (RGBl. Pp. 267–273)
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ [3]
- ↑ Electoral Law
- ^ Fritz Bronner: The Constitutional Efforts of the State Committee for Alsace-Lorraine 1875-1911, 1926, page 344
- ↑ BNU image