Cushing, Oklahoma
| Cushing | |||
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 Skydiving over Cushing |
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| Location in Oklahoma | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | United States | ||
| State : | Oklahoma | ||
| County : | Payne County | ||
| Coordinates : | 35 ° 59 ′ N , 96 ° 46 ′ W | ||
| Time zone : | Central ( UTC − 6 / −5 ) | ||
| Residents : | 7,826 (as of 2010) | ||
| Population density : | 395.3 inhabitants per km 2 | ||
| Area : | 19.8 km 2 (approx. 8 mi 2 ) of which 19.8 km 2 (approx. 8 mi 2 ) is land |
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| Height : | 285 m | ||
| Postal code : | 74023 | ||
| Area code : | +1 918 | ||
| FIPS : | 40-18850 | ||
| GNIS ID : | 1091897 | ||
Cushing is a city in Payne County , Oklahoma , USA .
geography
Cushing is at the intersection of Oklahoma State Routes 33 and 18 , about 50 km east of Guthrie . The state's capital, Oklahoma City , is about 100 km southwest of Cushing. The closest neighboring town is Drumright , less than ten kilometers to the east , which has a long shared economic history with Cushing.
Cushing is connected to Interstate 44 , which passes nearly 30 km south of the city, via State Route 18, which meets the Interstate at Chandler . The city has an airport, the Cushing Municipal Airport .
The urban area covers an area of 19.8 km², the mean height is 285 m above sea level.
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Average Monthly Temperatures and Rainfall for Cushing, 1981-2010
Source: Western Regional Climate Center
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population
Cushing had 8,371 people at the 2000 census . Almost 80% of these were whites , 8% American Indians, and 7% African-Americans . The remainder was divided among different ethnic groups. The per capita income was $ 12,620, with about 16.5% of the population living below the poverty line .
history
The area of the later Cushing was in the 19th century part of the Sac and Fox Reservation , the Indian reservation of the Sauk and Fox Indians. White settlers settled in the area after the Oklahoma Land Run of 1891. In the same year a post office was opened and the settlement was named Cushing after Marshall Cushing, the private secretary of the US Postmaster General John Wanamaker .
At the beginning of its history, the city had a rural character, cotton was mainly grown and processed, and the timber industry was also important. In 1902, Cushing was connected to the Eastern Oklahoma Railway , a subsidiary of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway . In 1903 the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway also reached the city.
On March 17, 1912, the oil explorer Thomas B. Slick drilled a productive oil well on the site of the Frank M. Wheeler Farm east of the city and triggered an oil boom with this find. Cushing struggled to cope with the sudden influx of people. Oil prospectors flocked to Cushing and there was drilling everywhere. Of the first 46 wells in the so-called Cushing-Drumright oil field , only one remained dry. Oil production took place primarily in the area of the new town of Drumright, while Cushing handled the processing.
The city's first petroleum refinery was established in 1913 and Cushing became the center of oil production and distribution for the surrounding oil fields. There were 23 oil companies and four specialist companies on site for equipment for oil exploration and production.
1915 marked the peak of oil production with around 3,600 oil wells and a monthly production of 8.3 million barrels of oil in March. The total amount of oil produced in the year was 49,080,000 barrels. However, the productivity of the oil fields decreased rapidly and in 1916 fell to half of the previous year. Nevertheless, the population grew to more than 9,000 people by 1930 and 16 oil companies were still based in Cushing. After supplies were largely exhausted, an economic decline began, which essentially came to an end in the 1940s: 1,500 residents had left the city and there were only three refineries left. These continued to produce until the 1970s, when the last two refineries closed their doors and rail traffic was abandoned.
Towards the end of the 20th century, the existing well-developed infrastructure for oil distribution with a network of pipelines was an important advantage in the selection of distribution centers for the oil. For this reason, the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) designated Cushing as the official delivery center for light crude oil in 1983 . Since then the population has grown again, increasing by more than 1,000 people between the 1990 and 2000 censuses.
economy
Even today, Cushing is still one of the main hubs for oil on the way from the American Gulf Coast to the consumer. In 2014 the storage capacity was up to 80 million barrels (approx. 13 billion liters) of crude oil.
To the south of the city is an oil depot owned by Plains All American Pipeline . With a capacity of around 35 million barrels, it is one of the largest warehouses in the country.
Another major employer in the city is the CoreCivic- operated Cimarron Correctional Facility , which employs more than 270 people. A large part of the population is also active in agriculture.
earthquake
On November 6, 2016, Cushing was struck by a 5.0 magnitude earthquake that was felt as far as Missouri and Arkansas . 40 to 50 houses were damaged. It was the third quake in 2016, not counting dozen of minor tremors. The cause of the quake is probably the underground injection of wastewater from oil and gas production.
Web links
- The Story of Cushing ( March 16, 2008 memento on the Internet Archive ), Cushing Chamber of Commerce
- Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ Cushing at GeoNames
- ↑ a b Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture ( Memento of the original from October 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ^ The Story of Cushing ( March 16, 2008 memento on the Internet Archive ), Cushing Chamber of Commerce
- ↑ Heike Buchter, Michael Thumann: Gas for Europe . In: The time . No. 12 . Zeitverlag Gerd Bucerius, March 13, 2014, ISSN 0044-2070 , p. 28 .
- ^ The 2005 Oklahoma Refinery Report: Appendix A, Pipeline Operations. ( Memento of the original from October 15, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Office of the Secretary of Energy, State of Oklahoma et al. a., October 2005, p. 6 (pdf, 780 kB)
- ^ CoreCivic: Cimarron Correctional Facility. Retrieved April 23, 2020 (English).
- ↑ Earthquake series in Oklahoma , in: Neue Zürcher Zeitung, International Edition, November 9, 2016.
