Cynometra
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Cynometra | ||||||||||||
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Cynometra is a genus in the subfamily of caesalpinioideae (Caesalpinioideae) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). The 80 to 90 species are widespread in the tropics.
description
Appearance and leaves
Cynometra species usually grow as evergreen trees . You are not armed.
The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The mostly paired pinnate leaf blades contain one to many pairs of opposite pinnate leaves. Very rarely there is only one leaflet. The leaflets are asymmetrical. The stipules fall off early.
Inflorescences and flowers
In panicle or simple racemose inflorescences , some to many flowers are arranged in a spiral on the inflorescence axis. In Cynometra cauliflora there is caulifloria (hence the specific epithet ). The cover sheets are relatively small.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical with a double flower envelope . The four sepals overlap like roof tiles. The five petals are equal to almost the same. There are usually ten stamens available. The stamens are free or almost free and the anthers open with a longitudinal slit. The single carpel , which is more or less long stalked depending on the species, contains only one to four ovules . Depending on the species, the long stylus, which is arranged at the upper end or on the side of the ovary or rarely on the wall of the flower base, ends in a tiny scar.
Fruits and seeds
The legumes are either thickened and remain closed when ripe or are flat, woody and open elastically with two smooth fruit flaps when ripe. Each legume usually contains only one or two seeds. The seeds have a very short funicle and a thin seed coat.
Occurrence
The genus Cynometra has a tropical distribution. 26 to 28 are common in tropical Africa. Ten species are found only in Madagascar . Two species are endemic to the Comoros . About 26 species are distributed from India through Southeast Asia , Indochina , Malesia and Papuasia to Australia and on Pacific islands. In the Neotropic seven species occur from Mexico to Central America as well as on the Caribbean islands and about 16 species are common in South America with a focus on the Amazon region.
Cynometra species thrive in tropical lowland rainforests and swamp forests, often along rivers and in coastal areas or in seasonal dry forests, wooded and scrublands, in thickets, often on white sand. Some species dominate their locations.
Systematics
The genus Cynometra was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 382. Cynometra cauliflora L. was specified as the lectotype species in 1926 by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Percy Wilson in Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands , p. 363. The genus name Cynometra is derived from the Greek words cyno - for dog and metro - for womb, womb, this refers to the fleshy legumes of some species that are reminiscent of the abdomen of a dog.
The genus Cynometra belongs to the tribe Detarieae in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae within the family of the Fabaceae .
There are 80 to 90 species of Cynometra :
- Cynometra abrahamii Du Puy & R. Rabev.
- Cynometra alexandri C.H.Wright (Syn .: Cynometra sankuruensis Vermoesen )
- Cynometra americana bird
- Cynometra ananta Hutch. & Dalziel
- Cynometra ankaranensis Du Puy & R. Rabev.
- Cynometra aurita R.Vig.
- Cynometra bauhiniifolia Benth.
- Cynometra beddomei Prain
- Cynometra bourdillonii Gamble
- Cynometra brachymischa Harms
- Cynometra brachyrrhachis Harms
- Cynometra capuronii Du Puy & R. Rabev.
- Cynometra cauliflora L. (Syn .: Cynometra acutifolia S. Vidal , Cynometra cauliflora var. Elongatis Hassk. , Cynometra cauliflora var. Subsessilis Hassk. ): The homeland of this kauliflora species is probably in eastern Malesia and it is grown in some tropical countries.
- Cynometra commersoniana (DC.) Baill. (Syn .: Cynometra cloiselii Drake , Cynometra glabra sensu R.Vig. , Metrocynia commersoniana DC. )
- Cynometra congensis De Wild.
- Cynometra copelandii (Elmer) Elmer
- Cynometra craibii Gagnep.
- Cynometra crassifolia Benth.
- Cynometra cubensis A.Rich.
- Cynometra cuneata Tul.
- Cynometra dauphinensis Du Puy & R. Rabev.
- Cynometra dongnaiensis Pierre
- Cynometra duckei Dwyer
- Cynometra elmeri Merr.
- Cynometra engleri Harms
- Cynometra filifera Harms
- Cynometra fissicuspis (Pittier) Pittier
- Cynometra gillmanii J.Leonard
- Cynometra glomerulata Gagnep.
- Cynometra greenwayi Brenan
- Cynometra hankei Harms
- Cynometra hemitomophylla (Donn.Sm.) Britton & Rose
- Cynometra hondurensis Dwyer
- Cynometra hostmanniana Tul.
- Cynometra inaequifolia A. Gray
- Cynometra insularis A.C.Sm.
- Cynometra iripa Kostel.
- Cynometra katikii Verdc.
- Cynometra leonensis Hutch. & Dalziel
- Cynometra letestui (Pellegr.) J. Leonard
- Cynometra longicuspis Ducke
- Cynometra longifolia Huber
- Cynometra longipedicellata Harms
- Cynometra lujae De Wild.
- Cynometra lukei Beentje
- Cynometra lyallii Baker
- Cynometra madagascariensis Baill.
- Cynometra malaccensis Meeuwen
- Cynometra mannii olive.
- Cynometra marginata Benth.
- Cynometra marleneae A.S.Tav.
- Cynometra martiana Baill.
- Cynometra megalophylla Harms
- Cynometra michelsonii J.Leonard
- Cynometra microflora Cowan
- Cynometra minutiflora F. Muell.
- Cynometra mirabilis Meeuwen
- Cynometra novo-guineensis Merr. & LMPerry
- Cynometra nyangensis Pellegr.
- Cynometra oaxacana Brandegee
- Cynometra oddonii De Wild.
- Cynometra palustris J. Leonard
- Cynometra parvifolia Tul.
- Cynometra pedicellata De Wild.
- Cynometra pervilleana Baill.
- Cynometra portoricensis Krug & Urb.
- Cynometra ramiflora L. (syn .: Cynometra bifoliolata Merr. , Cynometra bijuga chip. Ex Miq. , Cynometra bijuga Miq. , Cynometra Carolinensis Kaneh. , Cynometra hosinoi Kaneh. , Cynometra ramiflora var. Bifoliolata (Merr.) Meeuwen , Cynometra ramiflora subsp . bijuga (Miq.) Prain , Cynometra ramiflora subsp. genuina Prain , Cynometra ramiflora var. mimosoides Wall. , Cynometra schumanniana Harms , Cynometra whitfordii Elmer , Cynomorium sylvestre Rumph. , Maniltoa carolinensis (Kaneh.) Hosok. )
- Cynometra retusa Britton & Rose
- Cynometra sakalava Du Puy & R. Rabev .
- Cynometra sanagaensis Aubrev.
- Cynometra schlechteri Harms
- Cynometra schottiana Hochr.
- Cynometra sessiliflora Harms
- Cynometra simplicifolia Harms
- Cynometra sphaerocarpa Pittier
- Cynometra spruceana Benth.
- Cynometra stenopetala Dwyer
- Cynometra suaheliensis (Taub.) Baker f.
- Cynometra travancorica Bedd.
- Cynometra trinitensis olive.
- Cynometra ulugurensis Harms
- Cynometra vogelii Hook. f.
- Cynometra warburgii Harms
- Cynometra webberi Baker f.
- Cynometra zeylanica Kosterm.
use
The wood of some types (trade names: kekatong, guapinol negro, nganga, baraka, muhimbe) is used in a variety of ways: for example to manufacture ship keels , railway sleepers , floor coverings and wall cladding and it is used as construction wood and firewood. Some Cynometra species are used as shade trees and are good pasture for bees .
The seeds and fruits of Cynometra cauliflora are eaten. Cynometra sessiliflora is one of the tree species that provide copal resin .
swell
- JH Ross: Flora of Australia , Volume 12, 1998: data sheet at Flora of Australia Online (sections description, occurrence and systematics)
- Datasheet at Legumes of the World at Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. (Section systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d JH Ross: Flora of Australia , Volume 12, 1998: data sheet at Flora of Australia Online
- ↑ a b c d e f data sheet at Legumes of the World by Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Last accessed on February 1, 2014
- ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ^ Cynometra at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 1, 2014.
- ^ Cynometra in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 1, 2014 ..
- ↑ Species of the genus Cynometra at LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes (ILDIS), Version 10.1 from November 1, 2005 .
- ↑ Entry in ILDIS - World Database of Legumes , Version 10.38 from July 20, 2010.
- ↑ Data sheet from Handelshölzer by HG Richter & MJ Dallwitz.