Bubble ferns

Bubble ferns
	Fragile bladder fern ( Cystopteris fragilis )
Systematics
Department :	Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
	Ferns
Class :	True ferns (Polypodiopsida)
Order :	Spotted ferns (Polypodiales)
Family :	Eyelash family (Woodsiaceae)
Genre :	Bubble ferns
Scientific name
	Cystopteris
	Bernh.

The cystopteris ( Cystopteris ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family of woodsiaceae (Woodsiaceae).

features

Alpine bladder fern ( Cystopteris fragilis subsp. Alpina ), fronds with sori from below

Mountain bladder fern ( Cystopteris montana )

The bladder fern species are perennial herbaceous plants and have a blackish rhizome . Sterile and fertile fronds are designed in the same way: they are pinnate, delicate and have a fragile rachis . The length of the leaf fronds is a maximum of 30 centimeters, but they are usually shorter. The fronds die in winter. There are two vascular bundles at the base of the petiole . At the top, both unite to form a U-shaped cross section. The leaf veins end freely.

The sori are round and stand apart from the leaf margin. The veil (indusium) is oval and is attached to the side of the sorus. It vaults over Sorus, is tender, and is finally repulsed.

Systematics and distribution

Brood Bud Bladder Fern ( Cystopteris bulbifera )

The genus Cystopteris was established by Johann Jakob Bernhardi . The generic name Cystopteris is derived from the Greek words kystos for bladder and pteris for fern and thus means bladder fern, this refers to the veil that vaults over the sori like bubbles.

The genus Cystopteris is distributed almost worldwide in the temperate areas. The diploid species have their main focus in North America.

In the genus Cystopteris there are (depending on the source) 12 to 20 species: The species occurring in Europe are:

Fragile bladder fern ( Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. ): It is common in Eurasia. There are some subspecies:
- Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. subsp. fragilis
- Alpine bladder fern ( Cystopteris fragilis subsp. Alpina (Lam.) Hartm. , Syn .: Cystopteris alpina (Lam.) Desv. ), Distribution area: Europe, North Africa, Turkey
- Cystopteris fragilis subsp. diaphana (bory) litard. (Syn .: Cystopteris diaphana (Bory) Blasdell ): In addition to south-western and southern Europe, the distribution area also includes the Azores and Africa.
- Wrinkled bladder fern ( Cystopteris fragilis subsp. Dickieana ( R. Sim ) Moore , Syn .: Cystopteris dickieana R. Sim ), distribution area: Europe and Siberia

Mountain bladder fern ( Cystopteris montana (Lam.) Desv. ), Distribution area: Europe, Caucasus and Siberia

Sudeten bladder fern ( Cystopteris sudetica A.Braun & Milde ), distribution area: Europe. Near East and East Asia

Other types (selection):

Brood bud bladder fern ( Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. ), Native to Canada and the USA. The species occurs occasionally in culture. It develops brood buds at the base of the plumage.
Cystopteris protrusa (Weath.) Blasdell : It occurs in Ontario , in the north-central and in the eastern United States.
Cystopteris tibetica Z.R.Wang : It thrives at altitudes of 2400 to 3600 meters in Tibet and Yunnan .

literature

Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
Christopher H. Haufler, Robbin C. Moran, Michael D. Windham: Cystopteris - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7 .
JA Crabbe, AC Jermy: Cystopteris Bernh. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin et al .: Flora Europaea . Volume 1, 2nd edition, pages 24-25. Cambridge University Press 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X .
Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2: Types and Varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .

Individual evidence

↑ M. Christenhusz, E. von Raab-Straube (2013): Lycopodiophytina. : Data sheet Cystopteris In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
^ Cystopteris in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
↑ Zhongren Wang, Christopher Haufler: Cystopteris Bernhardi. Text same online as printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 2-3: Cystopteridaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-935641-11-7 .

Web links

Commons : Bubble Ferns ( Cystopteris ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[Euro+Med-1] M. Christenhusz, E. von Raab-Straube (2013): Lycopodiophytina. : Data sheet Cystopteris In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

[GRIN-2] Cystopteris in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 5, 2019.

[FoC-3] Zhongren Wang, Christopher Haufler: Cystopteris Bernhardi. Text same online as printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 2-3: Cystopteridaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-935641-11-7 .