Dacarbazine
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| Non-proprietary name | Dacarbazine | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Molecular formula | C 6 H 10 N 6 O | ||||||||||||||||||
| Brief description |
colorless or pale yellowish powder |
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| Molar mass | 182.18 g · mol -1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
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| Melting point |
250–255 ° C (explosion) (also released 205 ° C) |
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| pK s value |
4.4 |
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| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | |||||||||||||||||||
Dacarbazine is a cytostatic from the group of alkylating agents . It is used as a single substance or as part of combination schemes with other substances in malignant melanoma , soft tissue sarcoma ( EDIC scheme ) and Hodgkin's lymphoma ( ABVD scheme ). It is on the WHO Essential Medicines List.
Dacarbazine is commercially available as a soluble powder. The solution is photosensitive and must be administered intravenously using a light-resistant infusion system.
Side effects
The administration of dacarbazine can be associated with serious side effects and is usually only carried out by an oncologist . Very often (> 90%) there is loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, which is why it is given in combination with antiemetics . There are often disorders of blood formation ( anemia , leukopenia , thrombocytopenia , rarely pancytopenia ), which is why blood counts must be checked. Due to possible (rare) necrosis of the liver , the function of the liver must also be checked. In rare cases, kidney function disorders , allergic reactions , headaches, visual disturbances, confusion, lethargy, cramps, paresthesia, diarrhea, hair loss, erythema or hyperpigmentation of the skin and flu-like symptoms can also occur.
In the event of accidental paravenous injection, local pain and necrosis must be expected.
Contraindications
Contraindications are pregnancy , breastfeeding , leukopenia and / or thrombocytopenia as well as serious liver or kidney diseases.
pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Dacarbazine has an antineoplastic effect by inhibiting cell growth ( independent of the cell cycle ) . This is done by inhibiting DNA synthesis through an alkylating effect (cf. alkylating agents ).
Dacarbazine is a prodrug that is metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 by N -demethylation to 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide and a methyl cation, to which the cytostatic effects are ascribed.
Pharmacokinetics
After intravenous administration, dacarbazine diffuses rapidly into the tissues, the distribution half-life is about 20 minutes. The plasma half-life is 0.5–3.5 hours. The degradation takes place via several metabolites via the cytochrome P450 system of the liver, about a third is excreted unchanged via the kidneys.
Trade names
Monopreparations : Dacin (CH), Dacarbazin-LIPOMED (D), Detimedac (D)
literature
- Specialist information dacarbazine ( Detimedac ), as of July 2006
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Entry on dacarbazine. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on August 15, 2016.
- ↑ a b c Data sheet Dacarbazine from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 24, 2011 ( PDF ).
