Dacrycarpus cumingii
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Dacrycarpus cumingii is a conifer from the genus of the warthog ( Dacrycarpus ) in the family of the stone slab family (Podocarpaceae). The natural range is in the Philippines , there are also occurrences on Borneo and Sumatra . It is listed on the IUCN Red List as not endangered.
features
Dacrycarpus cumingii grows as dioecious , evergreen , up to 38 meter high tree . The trunk grows monopodial , upright and can reach a diameter of up to 100 centimeters at chest height . Usually no buttress roots are formed. The trunk bark is brown, gray when exposed to the weather, flakes off in small plates or strips and then reveals the lighter bark below. The treetop of adult trees is spread out and dome-shaped.
Branches and leaves
The first branches of seedlings are thin, the branches of older trees are also thin or short and stiff in the weather-exposed crown. They end in a bud-like clump of inwardly curved needles. The leaves are arranged in a spiral on all branches, awl or needle-shaped, thin and hair-like on seedlings, curved inward at the tip and keeled on the underside. The end of the needle is pointed. Needles of young trees grow in two rows on branches 2 to 6 centimeters long. They are straight or slightly S-shaped, 5 to 14 millimeters long, 0.8 to 1.3 millimeters wide, slightly keeled on both sides and bent forward at the tip. The needles of older trees are similarly shaped or more needle-shaped, only 2 to 4, sometimes up to 6 millimeters long and 0.4 to 0.7 millimeters wide, curved and less clearly arranged in lines. Both types of needles show interrupted rows of stomata on both sides , and at least two rows on more needle-shaped leaves.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones are at the end of short shoots, at the base of which small, needle-shaped leaves grow. When ripe, the cones are 20 to 30 millimeters long and then have a diameter of 2 to 3 millimeters. The microsporophylls are subpulate, 1.5 millimeters long and 0.5 millimeters wide and each carry two protruding pollen sacs .
The seed cones grow on the ends of short shoots, on which protruding, 7 to 13 millimeter long, curved needles enclose the podocarpium and seeds . The ripe podocarpium is 3 to 4 millimeters long, reddish and warty. Per Podocarpium usually grows rarely two almost round seeds, which together with the epimatium have a diameter of 3.4 to 4.5 millimeters. The epimatium is smooth, light yellow-brown to black-brown and sometimes glaucous . It forms a grooved ridge that ends in a protruding, 1 to 1.5 millimeter long and curved tip.
Distribution and ecology
The natural range is on most of the larger islands of the Philippines including Palawan ; in the southwest of Sarawak , the Malaysian part of Borneo , the species is found on Mount Penrissen ; and in the north of Sumatra in the Gunung Leuser National Park . Dacrycarpus cumingii grows in forests with trees overgrown with moss. The climate is cool and humid and there is mostly fog. The distribution area can probably be assigned to winter hardiness zone 9 with mean annual minimum temperatures between −6.6 ° and −1.2 ° Celsius (20 to 30 ° Fahrenheit ). The species is found at altitudes of 1,600 meters to the tree line at 3,300 meters. In the lower altitudes, however, Dacrycarpus imbricatus is more common and one can also find Sundacarpus amarus and various Kauri trees ( Agathis spp.).
Hazard and protection
Dacrycarpus cumingii was from in 2013 IUCN in the Red List classified as endangered ( "Least Concern"). The distribution area is at heights that are only slightly affected by deforestation . The population decline over the past three generations is likely to be less than 20 percent.
Systematics and Etymology
Dacrycarpus cumingii is a species of the genus of the warthog ( Dacrycarpus ) in the family of the stone slab family (Podocarpaceae). It was first described by Filippo Parlatore in 1868 as Podocarpus cumingii ( Basionym ) and thus assigned to the genus of stone slices ( Podocarpus ). David John de Laubenfels placed it in 1969 as Dacrycarpus cumingii in the newly established genus Dacrycarpus . The species was also called Podocarpus imbricata var. Cumingii (Parl.) Pilg. classified as a variety of Dacrycarpus imbricata , although it is closely related to Dacrycarpus kinabaluensis . Other synonyms are Bracteocarpus cumingii (Parl.) AVBobrov & Melikyan and Nageia cumingii (Parl.) Kuntze .
The generic name Dacrycarpus comes from the Greek, dakryon means "tear" and karpos stands for "fruit". The specific epithet cumingii honors the English plant collector Hugh Cuming (1791-1865), who collected the specimens in the Philippines on which the first description is based.
use
Representatives of Dacrycarpus cumingii can grow into tall forest trees and are then interesting for logging. However, they usually remain small and grow at heights where it is difficult to use wood. In Borneo, the wood is used in a similar way to that of Dacrycarpus imbricata for building houses and for making furniture and tools. In the Philippines, the wood is used as a fine veneer .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, p. 320.
- ↑ a b c d e James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World , p. 235.
- ↑ a b c Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, p. 321.
- ↑ a b Dacrycarpus cumingii in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2014 Posted by: A. Farjon, 2011. Retrieved on October 11, 2014.
- ↑ Podocarpus cumingii. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved October 12, 2014 .
- ↑ Dacrycarpus cumingii. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved October 12, 2014 .
- ↑ Dacrycarpus cumingii. In: The Plant List. Retrieved October 11, 2014 .
- ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, p. 317.
literature
- Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 1 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5 , pp. 317, 320-321 .
- James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World. The Complete Reference . Timber Press, Portland, OR / London 2009, ISBN 978-0-88192-974-4 , pp. 235 .
Web links
- Christopher J. Earle: Dacrycarpus cumingii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, March 26, 2013, accessed on August 3, 2014 .
- Dacrycarpus cumingii at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 11, 2014.