Steam railcar

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The operational Kittel steam railcar originally a Serpollet steam railcar of the CZm 1/2 of the UeBB in Koblenz, 2009
The operational Komarek steam railcar M 124.001 ČSD in the Praha-Bubny station, 2017
SAR Clayton steam railcar in Cape Town, around 1929
Cogwheel steam railcar Bhm 1/2 of the PB in the traffic center in Munich, 2007
Working steam railcar 93 of the GWR near Staverton, 2013

A steam railcar , outdated as steam carriage , steam wagon and steam bus called, is one with a steam engine powered locomotive of the railway as well as the tram . The combination of steam locomotive and passenger car is considered to be the forerunner of the later electric and thermal railcars . Steam railcar there are both two direction of the vehicle as well as a device vehicle , wherein the device vehicles at the terminal stations by means of turntables are turned.

history

Very early in the history of the railway , attempts were made to combine drive and seating in one vehicle in order to be able to cover even low traffic volumes economically. The first attempts in this direction were not particularly successful due to the inadequate performance and the problematic housing of the boiler as well as the coal and water supply.

In 1854 Borsig delivered a steam-powered trolley to the Berlin-Hamburg Railway , which was equipped with a passenger compartment and a standing boiler. This was the first steam railcar to be used for a long time, and it reached a top speed of 22 km / h. In 1879, the Lower Silesian-Märkische Eisenbahn acquired various steam railcars with the steam boiler and steam engine mounted on one of the two bogies . Other steam railcars in different designs were procured from many, especially private, railway administrations .

In 1880, the Austrian Local Railway Company (ÖLEG) ordered a steam railcar ( ÖLEG C ) from the Ringhoffer works in Prague -Smichov , after what were known as baggage locomotives had already been running there. This steam railcar also had two bogies, one of which was not powered, which became a characteristic design of this type of vehicle.

In 1883 the "Rowan Steam Car" designed by a " WR Rowan of Copenhagen" was put into operation on the Australian Victorian Railways .

From 1883, double-deck steam railcars became popular. The Hessian Ludwig Railway and the Royal Bavarian State Railways were among the first railway companies to use them . They used steam powered rail cars of the Thomas type .

Between 1893 and 1909, the Royal Württemberg State Railways procured a total of 16 multiple units, the DW 1-17 . The coal-fired Serpollet boilers used in the first cars, however, did not prove themselves and were replaced by Kittel boilers after a few years . 1902 also bought Großherzoglich Baden State Railways in the Maschinenfabrik Esslingen a vapor railcars with Serpollet boiler, the railcar of the genus 133c . Seven more cars followed in 1914/15 with a smock boiler as class 121a . The railcars of the KWStE DW 1-17 series and BadStB class 121a, also known colloquially as Kittel steam railcars, were considered safe and reliable vehicles. The railcar of the BadStB class 133c did not have a smock boiler and was converted into a railway company car after a few years.

A railcar in service on the Federseebahn from 1907 to 1937 with a gauge of 750 mm with a wheel arrangement (1A) '2' and superheated steam drive , referred to as DWss 1 , was added to this group as the eighteenth car. It had also been built in the Esslingen machine factory and - with the exception of the four-axle chassis due to the permissible axle load of only 7 tons - corresponded to the regular- gauge steam railcar of the KWSt.E., but remained a unique piece in Württemberg despite its successful operation .

Three steam railcars, very similar to this, from the Esslingen machine factory, with the same wheel arrangement and gauge, but equipped with wet steam engines, went to Bleckeder Kleinbahn in 1910 . They were later to be converted into combustion railcars, but this was not done for reasons of cost; instead, they were converted into passenger cars or scrapped after severe damage.

After the First World War , the development of steam railcars was in competition with the parallel development of combustion railcars. Japanese and English manufacturers, for example, delivered around 41 Shiki-class steam railcars to Korea with varying degrees of success . In the United States , the Doble system was developed at this time . These fully automatic steam generation systems promised economic operation. The Deutsche Reichsbahn built nine railcars No. 51 to 59 for testing purposes. Due to the twice as high fuel consumption as compared to the combustion railcars, no further procurements were made.

In 1933, the Lübeck-Büchener Eisenbahn (LBE) started operating the steam multiple unit with the road number 2000 and from May 1935 between Lübeck and Hamburg, and from 1936 on the route between Lübeck and Lüneburg. This railcar received two Doble steam generators, which were also successfully operated with lignite tar oil. It was given the designation DT 63 by the DR. This railcar was retired during the Second World War.

After the Second World War, the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) attempted to use the Wendler type of pulverized coal firing with the DT 59 railcar . This time, too, it turned out that combustion railcars were more economical. This railcar was only in use for a short time on the Deutsche Reichsbahn. The Württemberg steam railcars were used on the Deutsche Bundesbahn until 1952.

The steam powered rail car CZm 1/2 of the Uerikon-Bauma-Bahn , built in 1902 by the Esslingen machine works, can still be seen in operation at the DVZO in Switzerland .

gallery

Steam railcar
Steam bus (steam car), steam trolleys and steam-powered inspection cars, demarcation

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Victorian Railways
  2. ^ Victorian Railways Rolling Stock