Deconica

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Deconica
Dry bald head (Deconica montana)

Dry bald head ( Deconica montana )

Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Trussling relatives (Strophariaceae)
Genre : Deconica
Scientific name
Deconica
( WG Sm. ) P. Karst.

Deconica is a genus of fungus from the family of theStrophariaceae relatives . The species were previously placed in the genus Psilocybe , which is why the term bald heads is used for both genera.

features

Macroscopic features

The fruiting bodies as those of the genus Psilocybe quite small. The hat is usually domed, colored brown and often has a sticky surface. The hat skin can hardly be removed or removed as a whole. A velum is present in some species. On ripe fruit bodies, it usually remains as fibrous spots on the surface of the hat or sometimes forms a ring. The lamellae are pale to dark purple-brown. They are broadly attached to the stem, attached or bulged or run down the stem with a tooth. They are usually wide and are distant or narrow. The stem is thin and cylindrical in shape. The flesh does not turn blue when injured. The spore powder is colored light to dark brown.

Microscopic features

The spores are elliptical or hexagonal and often flattened. They are smooth and have a thin or thick wall. They appear honey-colored to brown and usually have a clear germ pore. The spores are inamyloid . The Cheilo cystiden are mostly more or less bottle-shaped. Pleurocystids are absent. The hat skin is formed from a cutis or an ixocutis. Buckles are present or absent.

Generic delimitation

The species of the genus were placed under the genus Psilocybe for a long time . Their fruiting bodies show blueing flesh when injured.

ecology

Deconica species occur saprobion table on wood and plant residues, on soil as well as on manure and peat.

determination

The peelability of the hat skin is of great importance for the determination, namely whether it can be peeled off as a whole as a thin, transparent layer. In addition, the presence and characteristics of the velum are important. Sometimes it forms a hem on the brim of the hat and a ring or ring zone on the stem. Sometimes a fine, dusty layer appears on the entire surface of the hat ( fine-fiber bald head , Deconica castanella ).

Based on the color of the lamellae and spores, the Deconica section is divided into two groups: The group around the fine bald head ( D. inquilina ) with thin-walled spores that appear light brown in bulk and mostly pale lamellae with age. The second group around the dry bald head ( D. montana ) has thick-walled spores and dark purple-brown lamellae with age.

The spores divide the genus by their size and shape. In many species they are flattened so that the side view appears narrower than the front view. This difference can vary in strength. In the case of very flat spores, there are many in a preparation that lie on the broader side. In the case of the diamond- pored bald head ( D. phyllogena ) this can be more than 90%.

Taxonomy

Deconica was described by Worthington George Smith in 1870 and placed as a subgenus of Agaricus . Petter Adolf Karsten combined the taxon into a genus in 1879. For a long time, the species were classified into the genus Psilocybe, which was previously combined by Paul Kummer in 1871 .

In 2000, however, it turned out that the genus Psilocybe is polyphyletic in this view . On the one hand, it was formed from the bluing, hallucinogenic species such as the conical bald head ( P. semilanceata ), on the other hand from the non-bluing, non-hallucinogenic species around the dry bald head ( D. montana ) and the dung bald head ( D. merdaria ). This conception of the genus Deconica had u. a. Peter D. Orton as early as 1960. Since Agaricus montanus was the recognized lectotype , u. a. P. semilanceata must be renamed. However, since the name Psilocybe is quite closely related to the hallucinogenic species with numerous publications on taxonomy, toxicity and legal issues, Redhead et al. 2007 proposed to preserve the name Psilocybe for the hallucinogenic species of the genus and to assign it the new lectotype P. semilanceata . This proposal was unanimously approved by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi in 2009. In the same year the first recombinations to the genus Deconica took place .

The two genera Deconica and Psilocybe are only distantly related. Some authors even put them in different families. The genus Deconica includes the sections Deconica and Coprophila of the genus Psilocybe in their former conception as well as two species from the genus Melanotus .

species

The following species belong to the genus Deconica :

Manure-loving bald head ( Deconica coprophila )

swell

literature

  • Machiel Evert Noordeloos : Deconica pages. In: www.entoloma.nl. Retrieved August 11, 2013 .
  • Machiel Evert Noordeloos: The genus Deconica (WG Sm.) P. Karst. in Europe - new combinations . In: Austrian journal for mushroom science . tape 18 , 2009, p. 207–210 ( entoloma.nl [PDF; 133 kB ]).
  • Henning Knudsen, Jan Vesterholt: Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gastroid genera . 2nd Edition. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen 2012, ISBN 978-87-983961-3-0 (2 volumes).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Deconica . In: Mycobank. Retrieved August 11, 2013 .
  2. ↑ a b c Paul Kirk: Psilocybe (Fr.) P. Kumm. In: Species Fungorum. Retrieved August 11, 2013 .
  3. ↑ Psilocybe . In: Mycobank. Retrieved August 11, 2013 .
  4. ↑ a b Machiel Evert Noordeloos: The genus Deconica (WG Sm.) P. Karst. in Europe - new combinations
  5. ↑ a b c d Machiel Evert Noordeloos : Deconica pages.

Web links

Commons : Deconica  - collection of images, videos and audio files