Psilocybe
| Psilocybe | ||||||||||||
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Conical bald head ( P. semilanceata ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Psilocybe | ||||||||||||
| ( Fr. ) P. Kumm. |
Psilocybe is a genus of fungus from the family of theStrophariaceae relatives . The term bald heads is also used today for the genus Deconica , whose representatives were previously assigned to Psilocybe . Some types are also known as glue heads.
features
Macroscopic features
Psilocybe forms small to medium-sized, yellow-brown to brown fruiting bodies with a cap and stem and a bell-shaped or hemispherical, often characteristic, pointed cap. The hats are mostly brown in color with sometimes blue tints; they are mostly hygrophan . They are thin and usually sticky to greasy. The name bald head is derived from the smooth hat surface. It is seldom also slightly velvety. The initially beige-colored lamellae have grown broadly on the handle, attached or run down the handle with a tooth. They are usually wide and are distant or narrow. They later turn red to dull brown or almost black. Sometimes they also have purple tones. The cylindrical stem is thin and central. The handle, sometimes also the hat, turns black, black-blue, blue or greenish in color when drying. A velum is sometimes abundant. It is found on the hat and stem, sometimes borders the edge of the hat or forms a ring zone on the stem. The velum can be very fleeting. The smell is insignificant or farinaceous, sweetish in some species. The taste is also insignificant to farinaceous, but rarely bitter. The spore powder is pale brown to black-brown or black, sometimes with purple tones.
Microscopic features
The spores are ellipsoidal to almond-shaped or hexagonal in the front view. They are smooth and usually have a clear germ pore. Your wall is often thin or significantly thickened. They appear honey-colored to brown. The spores are inamyloid . The Cheilo cystiden are mostly more or less bottle-shaped. Pleurocystids are absent. The hat skin is formed from a cutis or an ixocutis. Buckles are present or absent.
Generic delimitation
The genus Deconica does not have blue flesh. In contrast to the related Trüssellingen and Schüpplingen , psilocybe scales are missing on the hat and stem.
ecology
Psilocybe lives saprobion table on earth, straw, wood chips, peat and detritus . Species parasitizing on moss are rare.
species
European species
The genus includes numerous species. In Europe there are:
- Stately bald head ( Psilocybe azurescens )
- Blue bald head or blue-green spotted bald head ( Psilocybe cyanescens )
- Blue-footed bald head ( Psilocybe fimentaria )
- Psilocybe gallaeciae
- Psilocybe glutinosa
- Psilocybe hispanica
- Joyful bald head ( Psilocybe laetissima )
- False dung bald head ( Psilocybe liniformans )
- Psilocybe medullosa
- Downy bald head ( Psilocybe puberula )
- Psilocybe sardoa
- Conical bald head ( Psilocybe semilanceata )
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Serbian bald head ( Psilocybe serbica )
- Psilocybe serbica f. sternberkiana
- Mysterious bald head ( Psilocybe serbica var. Arcana )
- Bohemian bald head ( Psilocybe serbica var. Bohemica )
- Moravian bald head ( Psilocybe serbica var. Moravica )
- Forest bald head ( Psilocybe silvatica )
- Stiff-handled bald head ( Psilocybe strictipes )
- Almost spindle spore bald head ( Psilocybe subfusispora )
- Peat bald head ( Psilocybe turficola )
Non-European species
- Cuban bald head ( Psilocybe cubensis )
- Mexican bald head ( Psilocybe mexicana )
- Aztec bald head ( Psilocybe aztecorum )
- Potent Psilocybe ( Psilocybe baeocystis )
- Psilocybe argentipes
- Psilocybe caerulescens
- Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa
- Psilocybe eucalypta
- Psilocybe hoogshagenii
- Psilocybe natalensis
- Psilocybe samuiensis
- Psilocybe stuntzii
- Psilocybe subaeruginosa
- Psilocybe tampanensis
- Psilocybe wassoniorum
- Psilocybe weilii
- Psilocybe zapotecorum
meaning
Food value and ingredients
The bald heads are out of the question as edible mushrooms. They contain psychotropic substances such as psilocybin and are therefore also used as intoxicants . For psychological side effects and effects and further information on intoxicants, see also psychoactive mushrooms .
Legal
Some of the mushrooms contain relevant amounts of psilocin and psilocybin . Because of these ingredients, the possession and trade with the mushrooms is prohibited under the Narcotics Act in Germany and most other European countries. For the purpose of scientific exploration, it is allowed to collect mushrooms of this type; however, this requires official approval .
swell
literature
- Henning Knudsen, Jan Vesterholt: Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gastroid genera . 2nd Edition. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen 2012, ISBN 978-87-983961-3-0 (2 volumes).
- Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms. 4th edition, with CD of the genre. Black Forest Mushroom Teaching Show, Hornberg 2007, ISSN 0932-920X .
- Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 .
