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The Dei consentes or Dii consentes were a group of 12 gods who were particularly worshiped by the Romans. The poet Ennius called in the 3rd century BC The following 6 male and 6 female gods:
- Jupiter - Zeus
- Juno - Hera
- Minerva - Athena
- Vesta - Hestia
- Ceres - Demeter
- Diana - Artemis
- Venus - Aphrodite
- Mars - Ares
- Mercurius - Hermes
- Neptune - Poseidon
- Vulcanus - Hephaestus
- Apollo - Apollon .
Their gilded statues stood in the Roman Forum , later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium , whose restoration by Vettius Agorius Praetextatus in 367 is evidenced by a corresponding inscription. The gods were worshiped at the Lectisternium , a banquet of the gods. The statues of the gods were placed on pillows and a meal was offered to them.
The number 12 was adopted by the Etruscans , who also worshiped a pantheon of 12 gods. This is where the term Consentes comes from , as the Roman writers used the Etruscan term with Consentes (from “to agree”) or Complices (from “to merge”), ie the name of a type of council. This Etruscan council of gods advised the supreme god Tinia , the Etruscan equivalent of Jupiter, especially when it came to throwing a certain type of lightning. Nothing more is known about the composition of this council.
The Roman Dei consentes were identified with the Greek Olympian gods . The first three gods Jupiter, Juno and Minerva formed the Capitoline Triassic and led the others.
literature
- Emil Aust : Consent. In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume IV, 1, Stuttgart 1900, Col. 910 f.
- Fritz Graf : Consentes Dei. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 3, Metzler, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-476-01473-8 , column 129 f.
- Charlotte R. Long: The Twelve Gods of Greece and Rome. Brill, Leiden 1987, ISBN 90-04-07716-2 , pp. 235-243.
- Ernest Will : Dodekatheoi . In: Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (LIMC). Volume III, Zurich / Munich 1986, pp. 658-660.
- Georg Wissowa : Consent . In: Wilhelm Heinrich Roscher (Hrsg.): Detailed lexicon of Greek and Roman mythology . Volume 1,1, Leipzig 1886, Col. 922 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marcus Terentius Varro , Res rusticae 1,1,4.
- ↑ CIL 6, 102 = ILS 4003.
- ↑ Varro in Arnobius , Adversus nationes 3,40; Aulus Caecina near Seneca , Naturales quaestiones 2.41.