Deichmannhaus (Cologne)
Deichmannhaus is the name of an office and commercial building in the north of Cologne's old town near Cologne Central Station and Domplatte , Trankgasse 7–9.
"Cologne Court"
The first previous building was the "Kölner Hof" (or "Kölnischer Hof") in Trankgasse 7, already mentioned in 1449 as "adjacent to the vineyards of the cathedral chapter". From a letter from 1453 it emerged that negotiations before the court judge were taking place in the building. It was an architecturally simple building whose street front was characterized by its age-gray appearance, a massive portal and a few large balconies. Heinrich Weyer , a doctor who had been practicing in Cologne since 1564, died there on September 16, 1591 .
The "Kölner Hof" increasingly took on the role of the old bishop's residence. Little by little, the “Kölner Hof” let the old archbishop's palace at the cathedral monastery take a back seat. It was still used as a residence by Josef Clemens , who, however, had a new domicile built in Bonn . In 1473, the Cologne court was the lodging quarters of Emperor Friedrich and Maximilian , who was staying in Cologne as king . The latter, however, did not like his quarters; on the contrary, it found "the majesty's total displeasure". Archbishop Gebhard von Mansfeld also resided here between 1558 and 1562. In 1584, Archbishop Ernst intended to expand the Cologne court with the neighboring court Wittgensteinschen Hof , but this was rejected by the Cologne City Council. After the building was damaged by fire in 1593, the Cologne chronicler and councilor Weinsberg reported on structural details of the early courtyard, according to which “... the porch house, horse stable and office burned down, the burgrave's kitchen above and the stone spiral staircase in front of the large housing stood still. "As the court also by the papal nuncio was inhabited, was planned for the immediate reconstruction. Archbishop Joseph Clemens of Bavaria made sure that the building was completely rebuilt before 1721.
According to a letter from the hereditary bailiff from 1721, the master stonemason “Ringens”, the master carpenter “Johs. Schmitz ”and the master locksmith“ Peter Hilgers ”,“ impeccable work ”. The new building had a ten-axis and two-storey facade, the great regularity of which met with general approval. The street front had a round arched portal framed by columns and was equipped with two balconies. Two side wings flanked the building's courtyard. The building was designed in the style of Italian master builders, corresponding to the shapes of the Düsseldorf and Bonn courts. A large hall, which also exists again in this new building, is said to have been furnished with tapestries around 1740 .
During the French era , the criminal court “Tribunal of First Instance”, an appeals court, which was also called “Breeding Police Court” in criminal matters, met here. In the “Kölner Hof” building there was also a prison, from which several prisoners broke out in the autumn of 1800. In 1815 the royal district court moved here.
Ferdinand Franz Wallraf endeavored to protect the art treasures banned from churches and monasteries by the French from destruction. In 1818 he bequeathed his extensive art collection to the city of Cologne on the condition that a suitable museum be found for it. When Wallraf died on March 18, 1824, the location of the exhibition had not yet been decided. The city is not under time pressure, as the exhibits are still stored in Wallraf's house, Am Hof 1 (today Wallrafplatz ). In total, there were 1668 paintings, 19000 copperplate engravings and woodcuts, 41000 architectural decorations, 4086 coins, 9923 minerals and 18500 books.
On March 29, 1827, the city council decided to set up the "Kölner Hof", which has since been vacated by the court, as a city museum. The proximity to the cathedral was of decisive importance for the choice of location. In June 1827 the exhibits moved to Trankgasse 7 in the “Kölner Hof”, henceforth called “Wallrafianum”. On March 19, 1832, the city appointed Matthias Joseph de Noël as curator of the city's Wallrafschen Museum. The art collection remained in the now dilapidated “Wallrafianum” until June 1861, when it moved into the newly created Wallraf-Richartz-Museum & Fondation Corboud in the street An der Rechtschule .
The building was not to be confused with the nearby hotel "Kölner Hof" - which was named after the bishop's quarter in 1897 - on Dompropst-Ketzer-Strasse. At Trankgasse 9 was the "Wittgensteinische Hof", where Johann Jakob von Wittgenstein was born on February 24, 1754. This property was built around 1583 and later served as the apartment of the afterdechant of Cologne Cathedral.
Deichmann Palace
After the “Kölner Hof” and the “Wittgensteinischer Hof” were demolished in 1863, the Cologne banker Wilhelm Ludwig Deichmann acquired both properties and had Hermann Otto Pflaume build the semi-detached house “Palais Deichmann” (Trankgasse 7-9) in 1867 Family was able to move in in 1868. Wilhelm Ludwig Deichmann owned the bank Deichmann & Comp , which was founded in 1858 with 500,000 thalers . who resided in No. 9. Plum created a historicist building with a neo-renaissance facade. Wilhelm Ludwig's son Carl Theodor Deichmann (1866–1931) and his children Carl (1906–1985), Hans (1907–2004) and Freya Deichmann (1911–2010 ) live in the three-storey, eight-axle property ; she married the resistance fighter in Cologne in October 1931 Helmuth James Graf von Moltke ). They lived on the side of the house facing the cathedral. In 1869, parts of the founding concept for Deutsche Bank were created in the “Palais Deichmann” . The "Palais Deichmann" was closed in 1913.
Today's building
In its place, architect Heinrich Müller-Erkelenz built today's seven-storey Deichmannhaus, which was completed in August 1914, with a facade made of shell limestone and an even row of monumental half-columns. The 60 meter × 50 meter long corner building opens onto the station forecourt and Trankgasse. After opening the previously housed in five buildings led Gerling-Konzern its activities together on the fourth floor of the Deichmann house. The estate of Carl Theodor Deichmann in the Deichmannhaus was auctioned off by the Kunsthaus Lempertz in May 1932 after his bank went bankrupt in September 1931. Since 1971 the building operated by the Gilden Kölsch brewery "Alt-Köln" with a carillon integrated into the copper facade. The Deichmannhaus has been a listed building since December 13, 1985.
The current owner of the Deichmannhaus is the Hermann Neuerburg property community . The station forecourt has been a complete pedestrian zone since August 2002, so that there is no longer any street east of the Deichmannhaus. The Gaffel-Kölsch- run restaurant "Gaffel am Dom" with a 700 m² taproom has been there since January 2006 . The anchor tenant in the Deichmannhaus is the patent law firm Dompatent von Kreisler , which has been a tenant in the building since 1947 and which now extends over two complete floors. In May 2008, the gutting and renovation of the Deichmannhaus was completed. A famous neighbor is the luxury hotel Excelsior Hotel Ernst in Trankgasse 1–5.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Hans Vogts, The profane monuments of the city of Cologne , 1930, p. 341
- ↑ Leonard Ennen, History of the City of Cologne , Volume 2, p. 443: "Vur vnse hoffrichter ind manne zo Colne in vnsen hoff in dranckgasse."
- ^ Josef Giesen, Der Kölner Hof in Vienna , 1960, o. P.
- ↑ Hans Vogts / Fritz Witt, Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Köln , from Paul Clemen: Die profanen Denkmäler , Volume II, IV, p. 342, reference to: Leonard Ennen, Geschichte , p. 437.
- ↑ Helmut Signon / Klaus Schmidt, all roads led through Cologne , 2006, p 334th
- ^ Hans Vogts / Fritz Witt, Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Köln , by Paul Clemen: Die profanen Denkmäler , Volume II, IV, p. 342; Reference to the Düsseldorf State Archives: Kurköln, Erbvogtei, files 5, letter of September 27, 1721.
- ↑ Joachim Deeters, The French Years , 1994, p. 60.
- ↑ Udo Bürger, Die Guillotine im Schatten des Domes , 2001, p. 67.
- ↑ Judith Breuer, The Cologne Cathedral Environment as a Mirror of the Cathedral Reception in the 19th Century , 1981, p. 23
- ↑ Wallfraf-Richartz Yearbook: West German Yearbook of Art History , Volumes 48-49, 1988, S. 300th
- ^ Wolf von Niebelschütz, Robert Gerling: A dramatic capital of German economic history , 1954, p. 189.
Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 31.6 ″ N , 6 ° 57 ′ 25.5 ″ E