Heinrich Weyer (doctor)

Heinrich Weyer (also: Wierus) (* around 1545 presumably in Arnhem ; † September 16, 1591 in Cologne ) was a Dutch-German physician and personal physician to two electors of Trier.

Life

Heinrich Weyer was a son of the doctor and opponent of the witch hunt Johann Weyer (1516–1588) and his first wife Judith Wintgens († 1572). He came from a noble family and referred to himself as " Sicamber ", ie someone who was born on the Lower Rhine . His father was a city doctor in Arnhem from 1545 and was appointed to the Klever Hof as a personal doctor in 1550 .

Heinrich Weyer studied in 1559 together with his brother Dietrich (around 1540 / 42-1604), who later became electoral councilor and agent of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces , at the newly founded Académie de Genève (registered as "Henricus Wierus Clivanus" ). In 1560 both brothers heard the Graecist Adrianus Turnebus (1512–1565) at the Collegium Trilingue in Paris .

On September 5, 1561 he registered as "Henricus Wierus, germanus" in Montpellier and on November 12, 1562 as "Henricus Wierius Clivensis" in Padua . In 1564 he received his doctorate at the University of Bologna ( "Henricus Wierus Sicamber Germanus" ). A little later, his father referred to him as " philosophiae & medicinae Doctor (= Doctor of Philosophy and Medicine) " with reference to the two Italian study locations .

On August 11, 1564 Heinrich Weyer enrolled as a doctor of medicine in Cologne ( "Henr. Wierus Clivensis Medicinar. Doctor Bononiae promotus iur. Et solv." ). The dean of the medical faculty Mauritius Seidel († 1574) granted Heinrich Weyer permission to hold public lectures on medicine in Cologne in 1565 after examining his certificates. After a short teaching activity, however, he was forbidden to hold further lectures because he was critical of Aristotle :

“At the same faculty meeting [of the artist faculty on August 2, 1565] it was decided that Heinrich Weyer, doctor of medicine, who taught things that differed from Hippocrates and Galen , and who judged the entire philosophy of Aristotle with disdain for us, should open the doors to close and forbid him to hold lectures by the dean of the medical faculty. What then happened ".

When almost all the nuns in Cologne's Cellitinnenkloster Klein-Nazareth suffered from severe hysterical attacks in 1564/65 , Heinrich Weyer, together with his father Johann Weyer, mayor Constantin von Lyskirchen (1500–1581), belonged to the former dean of Kleve Johann Vos († after 1565) ) from Altena ( Altenanus ) and the doctor Johann Bachoven van Echt (1515–1577) to an investigation committee that inspected the monastery on May 25, 1565. The commission suspected that since young men had sneaked into the monastery in the past, their exclusion had caused the delusions.

After his stay in Cologne, Heinrich Weyer practiced as a doctor in Lemgo and Cologne.

In 1570 Heinrich Weyer became the personal physician of the Trier Elector Jakob III. von Eltz (1510–1581) and Johann von Schönenberg (1525–1599) and lived in Trier and especially in Koblenz , where the archbishop's residence was. The Heidelberg professor of medicine Heinrich Smetius (1537–1614) later published a medical letter written by Heinrich Weyer in 1570 together with a translation that Heinrich Weyer took from a work by his father on the so-called Dithmarsche disease ("Varen", a skin rash) had made.

In autumn 1575 he accompanied Archbishop Jakob III. on the Regensburg Electoral Congress , on which Rudolf II of Habsburg (1552–1612) was elected German king. On the trip he also came through Würzburg . Johannes Posthius (1537–1597), who lived there as the personal physician of the Prince Bishop , emphasized in a letter of recommendation to the Nuremberg city ​​doctor Joachim Camerarius (1534–1598), among other advantages, that “Heinrich Wyerus” of the Reformed religion ( “pura religio” ) Attachments. Around 1580, Weyer and the Koblenz pharmacist Adolf Rotthaus treated a Countess zu Crottorf , very likely it was Katharina von Selbach called Lohe (1545–1582), heiress of Crottorf, widow of Wilhelm II von Hatzfeld-Wildenburg († 1570).

When in 1585 the papal nuncio Giovanni Francesco Bonomi (1536–1587) complained that two Calvinists, a doctor - the city doctor Heso Meyer - and a goldsmith were still working in Trier, he did not mention the personal doctor Weyer in Koblenz.

Heinrich Weyer was the previous owner of a mathematical-musical composite manuscript from the 12th / 13th. Century, which was sent by his son-in-law Marquard Freher to Frans Nans (1525–1595) in Dordrecht and reached the French National Library via Pieter Schrijver .

Weyer fell ill in 1591 while visiting his sister-in-law Clara Schenck, b. van Echt, the widow of the Cologne council syndicate Werner Schenk (around 1534–1590), and died in her courtyard at Stesse "behind St. Laurentz " (today: Laurenzplatz 1/3). Hermann von Weinsberg (1518–1597) describes this event in detail in his autobiography. As a Protestant, Heinrich Weyer was buried outside of Catholic Cologne at his own request, according to Arnoldus Buchelius (1565–1641).

family

Heinrich Weyer was (⚭ before 1569) married to Margaretha (Margrit) Bachoven van Echt († 1580/83), daughter of the doctor Johann Bachoven van Echt and his first wife Catharina Herl (Herel, Herlin, Hörnchen ) († after 1570). They had the children

Coat of arms of Katharina Weyer, 1593

1. Katharina († April 16, 1598), gravestone in the Peterskirche Heidelberg , register holder of Anna von Winneburg and Beilstein (1570–1635), married in 1593 the Heidelberg lawyer Marquard Freher (1565–1614). She died of a raging fever. Your children were:
   1. Marquard Theodor Freher († 1594)
   2. Philipp Freher († young)
2. Justina († after 1637), married to Peter von Jornitz (Gornitz) called Steiss († 1637), son of Matthias Steuss and Elisabeth Streiff at Lorentzen Castle in the county of Saar Werden and grandson of the Trier weaver and guild master Peter Steuss; 1589 at the grammar school in Hornbach , pledgee of Lorentzen Castle,
3. NN. (* November 1, 1570; † April 4, 1593), a tomb that Marquard Freher had his brother-in-law or sister-in-law set, is now in the Worms Museum in the Andreasstift .

Galenus Weyer (1547–1619), personal physician to Dukes Wilhelm V (1516–1592) and Johann Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg (1562–1609) and Elector Lothar von Metternich (1551–1623, reigned 1599), was another brother of Heinrich Weyer.

Works

• De endemio inter Westphalos affectu (letter from Heinrich Weyer from Koblenz to Heinrich Smetius in Lemgo from May 1, 1570). In: Heinrich Smetius: Miscellanea Henrici Smetii A Leda Rub. F. Alostani Flandri In Acad. Heidelbergensi Med. Professoris ordinarii Medica , cum praestantissimis quinque medicis D. Thoma Erasto …, D. Henrico Brucaeo …, D. Levino Batto …, D. Joanne Weyero Juliacensis & Clivensis aulae archiatro, D. Henr. Weyero archepiscopi Trevirensis electoris archiatro, communicata, et in libros XII digesta, Jonas Rhodius, Frankfurt am Main 1611, pp. 224–226 ( Google Books )
• (Translation into Latin) Tractatvs Iohannis Wyeri Principvm Cliuensium Archiatri de Varenis morbo Endemio Westfalorum permolesto , ex Germanica lingua Latio donatus. In: Heinrich Smetius: Miscellanea Henrici Smetii A Leda Rub. F. Alostani Flandri In Acad. Heidelbergensi Med. Professoris ordinarii Medica . Jonas Rhodius, Frankfurt am Main 1611, pp. 227–240 ( Google Books )

swell

• I. Deanery book ( Liber actorum et consuetudinum fac. ) Of the Medical Faculty 1491–1624 (Historical Archive of the City of Cologne, inventory 150 University, A 366; loss on March 3, 2009), p. 310
• Excerpts from the deanery books of the artist faculty (entry on August 2, 1565), copy between 1630 and 1640 (Historical Archive of the City of Cologne, inventory 150 University, A 488; loss on March 3, 2009), p. 509
• Letters from Heinrich Smetius from Lemgo to Heinrich Weyer in Cologne from November 16, 1567 and to Heinrich Weyer in Trier or Koblenz from March 28, 1570. In: Heinrich Smetius: Miscellanea Henrici Smetii A Leda Rub. F. Alostani Flandri In Acad. Heidelbergensi Med. Professoris ordinarii Medica . Jonas Rhodius, Frankfurt am Main 1611, pp. 186–188 and 222f ( Google Books )
• Letter from Johannes Posthius to Joachim Camerarius dated September 30, 1575
• Friedrich Lau (arr.): The book Weinsberg. Cologne Memorabilia from the 16th Century (Publications of the Society for Rhenish History XVL, 2), Vol. IV, Bonn: Peter Hanstein 1898, p. 131f
• Hermann Keussen : The three trips of Arnoldus Buchelius from Utrecht to Germany, especially his stay in Cologne II./III. In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine, in particular the Old Archdiocese of Cologne 85 (1908), pp. 43–114, esp. P. 71 ( digitized in DjVu format; on Wikisource )
• Jan Gruter , Paul Melissus Schede , Karl von Utenhove , Heinrich Smetius, Johannes Posthius a. a .: Epithalamia Marquardi Freheri Marq [uardi] f [ilii] Hieron [ymi] n [epotis] et Catharinae Wierae Henr [ici] f [iliae] Johan [nis] n [eptis] . Heidelberg 1593 ( digitized version of the University and City Library Cologne)

literature

• Carl Binz : Doctor Johann Weyer, a Rhenish doctor, the first fighter against the witch craze. A contribution to the German cultural history of the 16th century . In: Journal of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein 21 (1885), pp. 1–171 ( OpenLibrary )
  • 2nd edition. Doctor Johann Weyer, a Rhenish doctor, the first fighter against the witch craze. A contribution to the history of the Enlightenment and medicine . 2nd edition Hirschwald, Berlin 1896 (reprints Sendet, Wiesbaden 1969 and Arno Press, New York 1975) ( OpenLibrary )
• Gustav C. Knod: Rhineland students in the 16th and 17th centuries at the University of Padua . In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 68 (1899), pp. 133–189, esp. P. 169 ( Google Books , limited preview)
• Suzanne Stelling-Michaud (ed.): Le livre du Recteur de l'Académie de Genève (1559-1878) (Travaux d'humanisme et Renaissance 33/6), Vol. VI, Geneva: Librairie Droz 1980, p. 236 ( Google Books )
• Lotte Kosthorst: Scholarly Physicians on the Lower Rhine. The Italian studies of doctors at the court of Wilhelm V. von Jülich-Kleve-Berg (1539–1592) . In: Kaspar Gubler, Rainer Christoph Schwinges (Hrsg.): Learned lifeworlds in the 15th and 16th centuries . (Repertory Academicum Germanicum. Research 2), Hochschulverlag, Zurich 2018, pp. 129–156 ( digitized from Academia.edu)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} cf. Jan Gruter u. a .: Epithalamia Marquardi Freheri Marq [uardi] f [ilii] Hieron [ymi] n [epotis] et Catharinae Wierae Henr [ici] f [iliae] Johan [nis] n [eptis] . Heidelberg 1593, esp.p. 1 and 3.
2. ↑ See Heinrich Eschbach: Dr. med. Johannes Wier, the personal physician of Duke Wilhelm III. from Cleve-Jülich-Berg . In: Contributions to the history of the Lower Rhine 1 (1886), pp. 57–174, esp. Pp. 169f ( Google Books ; limited preview).
3. ↑ Cf. Ioannes Wierus: Medicarum observationum rararum , Liber I. Oporinus, Basel 1567, p. 64 ( digitized version of the Herzog-August-Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel)
4. ↑ ^{a b} cf. De praestigiis Daemonum , Basel edition 1566, p. 409 ( Google Books ); German edition Frankfurt am Main 1586, p. 261 ( Google Books ).
5. ↑ So Gustav C. Knod: Rhinelands students in the 16th and 17th centuries at the University of Padua . In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 68 (1899), pp. 133–189, especially p. 169; see. the following. After Lotte Kosthorst: Scholars of medicine on the Lower Rhine. The Italian studies of doctors at the court of Wilhelm V. von Jülich-Kleve-Berg (1539–1592) . In: Kaspar Gubler, Rainer Christopg Schwinges (eds.): Scholarly lifeworlds in the 15th and 16th centuries . (Repertorium Academicum Germanicum. Research 2), Hochschulverlag, Zurich 2018, pp. 129–156, especially p. 150, note 155 on August 11, 1565.
6. ↑ From Oelsnitz , 1566, 1569 and 1574 rector of the university.
7. ^ Translation after Carl Binz: Doctor Johann Weyer, a Rhenish doctor, the first fighter against the witch craze. A contribution to the German cultural history of the 16th century . 2nd ed. Hirschwald, Berlin 1896, p. 175.
8. ↑ 1540–1563 recorded in the Collegiate Monastery of St. Mariä Himmelfahrt in Kleve.
9. ^ Co-author of Hubert Faber, Bernhard Dessennius Cronenburg, Johann Bachoven van Echt, Theodor Birckmann: Dispensarium usuale pro pharmacopoeis inclytae reipublicae Coloniensis . Arnold Birckmann the Elder Ä. Erben, Cologne 1565; Reprint: Georg Edmund Dann (Ed.): The Cologne Dispensary from 1565 (Publications of the International Society for History and Pharmacy 34–35), 2 parts, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1969. Correspondence with Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) (MBW 9039 , 9062), Martin Bucer (1491–1551) and Johann Dryander (1500–1560).
10. ↑ Cf. Gustav C. Knod: Rhineland students in the 16th and 17th centuries at the University of Padua . In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 68 (1899), pp. 133–189, esp. P. 169.
11. ↑ invoice from 1580; Schönstein Castle Archive (files, no. 7761); Epitaph in the parish church of St. Sebastianus in Friesenhagen.
12. ↑ Cf. Gunther Franz: Trier at the time of the Reformation . In: Gunther Franz, Jörg Weber (eds.): Caspar Olevian and the attempted Reformation in Trier 450 years ago. 1559–2009 , Norderstedt: Books on Demand 2009, pp. 39–66, esp. P. 65.
13. ↑ Menso Folkerts: On the tradition of the Agrimensors . In: Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 112 (1969), pp. 53–70, especially p. 56, note 14.
14. ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France Paris (Ms. Lat. 7377 C); see. Nikolaj Michajlovič Bubnov ( arrangement ): Gerberti postea Silvestri II Papae Opera Mathematica (972-1003) . Friedländer, Berlin 1899 (reprint Georg Olms, Hildesheim 2005), pp. Lv – lviii ( Google Books ; limited preview).
15. ↑ From the rule of Brauweiler, registered in Cologne in 1554, Lic. jur., 1568 Dr. legum, 1573 electoral council in Cologne, 1583 bailiff in Bonn, until around 1585 electoral Cologne vice-chancellor, 1586 Dr. jur. utr., 1587 Council Syndicate in Cologne.
16. ^ Friedrich Lau (edit.): The book Weinsberg. Cologne Memorabilia from the 16th Century (Publications of the Society for Rhenish History XVL, 2), Vol. IV, Bonn: Peter Hanstein 1898, p. 131f.
17. ^ Hermann Keussen: The three journeys of Arnoldus Buchelius from Utrecht to Germany, especially his stay in Cologne II./III. In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine, in particular the Old Archdiocese of Cologne 85 (1908), pp. 43–114, especially p. 71 ( digitized in DjVu format; on Wikisource ).
18. ↑ Cf. Historical Archive of the City of Cologne (inventory 160 Armenverwaltung, U 1/1759; inventory 310E Reichskammergericht, A 5; loss on March 3, 2009); Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (inventory of the Reich Chamber of Commerce, 4739 - Az. R 781/2832).
19. ↑ He ⚭ II. Gertrud von Mühlheim († 1581); see. Lotte Kosthorst: Scholarly Physicians on the Lower Rhine. The Italian studies of doctors at the court of Wilhelm V. von Jülich-Kleve-Berg (1539–1592) . In: Kaspar Gubler, Rainer Christoph Schwinges (Hrsg.): Learned lifeworlds in the 15th and 16th centuries . (Repertorium Academicum Germanicum. Research 2). Hochschulverlag, Zurich 2018, pp. 127–156, especially p. 147, note 135 ( PDF from ETH Zurich).
20. ↑ ^{a b} Cf. Rüdiger Fuchs: The inscriptions of the city of Worms . (German inscriptions. Mainzer series 2). Reichert, Wiesbaden 1991, No. 556, p. 397, cf. P. 575; on the damaged tombstone are the names and coats of arms of the grandparents "Bachoven" (coat of arms: striding lamb on Dreiberg) and "Herlien" (coat of arms: 3 horns with their tips butting together in a three-pass).
21. ↑ See process files, 1583–1603 (1541–1595); State archive NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Reich Chamber of Commerce, Az. 4739 - R 781/2832).
22. ↑ Marquard Freher: De Lvctv Minvendo, Et Desiderio Praemissae Conivgis Solando, Epistola Ad Iohannem Mvnstervm , Praefectum VViedanum. Epitaphium Catharinae Wierae . Heidelberg 1599 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich). Johann von Münster (1560–1632) zu Vortlage was a politician and writer.
23. ↑ See Renate Neumüllers-Klauser: The inscriptions of the city and the district of Heidelberg . (The German inscriptions. Heidelberg Row 4). Druckmüller, Stuttgart 1970, p. 296.
24. ^ Entry from 1593 probably in Alzey ; Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart (Cod. Don. 900, Bl. 67); ( Digitized version of the Württemberg State Library in Stuttgart).
25. ↑ See Paul Freher: Marquardus Freherus . In: Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum . Vol. II. Johannes Hofmann, Nürnberg 1688, pp. 1002-1004, especially p. 1003 ( Google Books ).
26. ↑ See Johannes Posthius : Ad tumulum Marqvardi Theodori Freheri, MF infantis suaviß [imi] . In: Marquard Freher: De Lvctv Minvendo, Et Desiderio Praemissae Conivgis Solando, Epistola Ad Iohannem Mvnstervm, Praefectum VViedanum. Epitaphium Catharinae Wierae . Heidelberg 1599 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
27. ↑ See Jan Gruter: De filio suo Philippo MF In: Marquard Freher: De Lvctv Minvendo, Et Desiderio Praemissae Conivgis Solando, Epistola Ad Iohannem Mvnstervm, Praefectum VViedanum. Epitaphium Catharinae Wierae . Heidelberg 1599 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
28. ↑ Cf. Karl Ludwig Rug: Believer sense in difficult times. A time image from the 30 Years War . In: Zeitschrift für Saarländische Heimatkunde 2 (1952), pp. 17–23; Hugo Fröhlich: The Trier exiles of the 16th century . In: Monthly Issues for Evangelical Church History of the Rhineland 8 (1959), pp. 209–255, esp. P. 229
29. ↑ Peter Steuss was arrested in 1559 after Caspar Olevian's (1536–1587) failed attempt at the Reformation , had to leave the city of Trier and emigrated to Dusemond ( County of Veldenz ).
30. ↑ = Section addressed by the troublesome illness Varen or current Varen . In: Johann Weyer: Artzney book of several previously unknown and undescribed diseases , Nikolaus Basse, Frankfurt am Main 1583, pp. 27–51 ( digitized version of the University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt).
31. ↑ Cf. Carl Binz: Doctor Johann Weyer, a Rhenish doctor, the first fighter of the witch madness. A contribution to the German cultural history of the 16th century . In: Journal of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein 21 (1885), p. 174f.
32. ↑ Cf. Carl Binz: Doctor Johann Weyer, a Rhenish doctor, the first fighter of the witch madness. A contribution to the German cultural history of the 16th century . In: Journal of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein 21 (1885), p. 175.
33. ↑ See Klaus Karrer: Johannes Posthius (1537–1597). List of letters and works with regesta and Posthius biography (Gratia 23), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1993, p. 164f.