Galenus Weyer

Galenus Weyer (also Weier , and Latinized Wierus ) (* 1547 presumably in Arnhem ; † April 17, 1619 in Düsseldorf ) was a Dutch-German physician and personal physician to two dukes of Jülich-Kleve-Berg and an elector of Trier.

Life

Galenus Weyer was a son of the doctor and opponent of the witch hunt Johann Weyer (1516–1588) and his first wife Judith Wintgens († 1572). He came from a noble family. His father named him probably after the famous ancient Greek " Phenix (d. H .: Immortals) all Artzen (doctors)" and anatomist Galen of Pergamum (129 up to 201) so that his opposition to its counterpart in the Renaissance Paracelsus (1493- 1541). Johann Weyer was the city doctor in Arnhem from 1545 , and in 1550 he was appointed to the Klever Hof as personal physician .

"Galenus Wyerius" matriculated in Cologne in 1567 , later studied in Florence and in 1571 in Montpellier ("Galenus Wierus, germanus"). There he was a student of Laurent Joubert . On 23/24 August 1572 he experienced the Bartholomew Night in France as a Protestant , but survived it unscathed. On November 4, 1572, he enrolled as "Galenus Vuierius Clivensis" in Padua . In Pisa in 1575 he was a medical doctor examination witness for Gregorius Laub (1554–1597).

From 1578 to 1609 he was appointed as the successor to his father to the personal physician (Hofmedicus) of the dukes Wilhelm V (1516–1592) and Johann Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg (1562–1609). He was supposed to live in Düsseldorf and received an annual salary of 140 Reichstaler as well as food for his servant and two horses, 40 Reichstaler for heating costs and house rent and 12 Malter barley. His “ dwelling ”, which he and his wife bought from Duke Wilhelm V for 1,050 Reichstaler in 1595, was “in Dusseldorff ... uf the Flingerstraße ”.

In 1582, Weyer successfully treated dry necrosis ( gangrena senilis ) on a shin in the Bensburger Hof . In the same year autopsied doctors Wilhelm Fabry (1560-1634), Cosmas Slot (Cosmo Slotanus), Reiner Sole Ander (1524-1601) and Galen Weyer in Dusseldorf the corpse of the deceased in a fever Conrad Steinberg , in which they have a extremely hard gallstone found. Galenus reported to Fabry "privately" in his Düsseldorf house that he had already found worms in a human gallbladder. In embryology , Galenus Weyer argued against u. a. the anatomist Caspar Bauhin (1560–1624) for the fact that the urine of the fetus is drained through the open urinary duct via the umbilical cord and not emptied into the amniotic sac , a view that was generally accepted in the 18th century in a posthumous document published in 1721 enforced by Johann Conrad Peyer (1653-1712).

In 1589 and 1590, Weyer, together with personal physicians Reiner Solenander and Lambert Wolf, wrote medical reports ("Consilia") on the mental state and childlessness of Duke Johann Wilhelm. In 1592 Weyer was among the guests at the funeral service for Duke Wilhelm, which Dietrich Graminaeus (1550-1610) described in detail. From 1594 onwards, Galenus Weyer, Lambert Wolf and Heinrich Botterus (Butter) (1539; † after 1613) treated symptoms of paralysis in Johanna geb. Sengel (1562–1598), wife of the Jülich-Klevischen councilor Petrus Simonius Ritz (1562–1622) in Etgendorf , with medicines, headlocks and a cure at the acidic springs of Spa .

In 1594 Weyer acquired the "large Reinhardtshof" (later named "Doktorhof" after him) and in 1597 farmland in Lörick in the parish of Heerdt .

Two of Galenus Weyer's brothers were lawyers and were employed in the Palatinate . Johannes Weyer (* around 1555–1610) was first court judge in Heidelberg, later bailiff in the Upper Palatinate . Dietrich von Weyer (* around 1540 / 42–1604) was councilor of the Electoral Palatinate until 1595 and tried in 1591 during a visit to Düsseldorf, the granddaughter of Duke Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg, Anna of Prussia (1576–1625) , as a bride for Friedrich IV of the Palatinate (1574–1610) to be won. In 1596 Dietrich von Weyer was agent (ambassador) of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces in the empire and promoted the idea of ​​a Protestant-Reformed alliance between Brandenburg-Prussia and Holland . He was intercepted by Spanish horsemen near Wesel in May 1596 and suspected of a conspiracy against Jülich-Kleve-Berg. The role that Galenus Weyer played in these ventures is unclear. In older literature he is sometimes thought of as a supporter or co-conspirator. However, Galenus Weyer remained unchallenged Hofmedicus in Düsseldorf until 1609.

On September 4, 1597, Galenus Weyer, together with the surgeon Matthias Reyd from Kempen, carried out an autopsy of the probably murdered Duchess Jakobe von Baden-Baden (1558–1597), during which they found no evidence of poison on the stomach, liver, spleen or intestines , only the lungs were noticed as "discolored". The external findings of the corpse were not recorded in the protocol. In the report of the Palatinate-Neuburg council and agent (ambassador) Alexius Moroldt († 1600), however, there are indications that Weyer made observations during an examination of the deaths and embalming that made strangulation of the Duchess appear possible.

In the ensuing courtship of Duke Johann Wilhelm to Antonie von Lothringen (1568-1610) Galenus Weyer worked with. He was a member of the embassy that brought the marriage proposal in Nancy in 1598 and reported to the Duke that "Miss Antonia would be virtuous, peace-loving and physically well formed". In 1599 Weyer traveled to the electoral court in Trier , and in 1602 he called himself not only as Jülich-Kleve-Bergischer personal physician, but also as personal physician to the Tier elector Lothar von Metternich (1551–1623, reigned 1599).

At the suggestion of Duke Charles III. of Lorraine and with the consent of Emperor Rudolf II , an exorcism was carried out in 1605 with the insane Duke Johann Wilhelm under the direction of the provost and doctor Johannes Pistorius Niddanus . The Jülich personal physicians Heinrich Botterus and Galenus Weyer as well as the Lorraine councilor and personal physician Dominique Berthemin (1580–1655), sieur de Pont-sur-Madon , who met Pistorius at Hambach Castle , raised no medical objection to this measure , as the disease was not can be traced back to nature or its causes ( ad naturam vel huius causas reduci non possit ).

In 1606 Weyer was present in Tecklenburg at the death of Count Arnold II of Bentheim-Tecklenburg , who suffered from a sudden epilepsy , but was unable to save him after a series of 39 seizures . Together with the pharmacist and surgeon David, he embalmed the body.

In 1609 Galenus Weyer together with the doctors Heinrich Botterus and Arnold Birkmann determined the cause of death of Duke Johann Wilhelm. From his successor Wolfgang Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg (1578-1653) he was not taken over as court doctor. Weyer was in contact with Stephan VII von Hertefeld (1561–1636), who, as Brandenburg councilor , wanted to take possession of Düsseldorf and the Duchy of Berg for Elector Johann Sigismund (1572–1619) in April 1609 and wanted to take accommodation in Weyer's house.

In 1611 "Doktor Weyer" was elected one of the elders of the Reformed Congregation in Düsseldorf. After only one week, however, he resigned from this office due to illness and was replaced by the deacon Doctor Johann von Redinghoven († after 1635), a lawyer. He was well known to the reformed Düsseldorf pastor Philipp Pöppinghausen (* around 1580, † 1624), the rector of the reformed school in Düsseldorf Johann Anton Biber (* 1579; † around 1656) and his professional colleague Engelbert Teschenmacher the Elder. Ä. (* around 1578) in Elberfeld. Galenus Weyer was friends with the philologist Karl von Utenhove (1536–1600), whose stepmother Anna Wijer († after 1582) was his father's sister, and the surgeon Wilhelm Fabry. He was also in correspondence with Rembert Dodoens , Hermann Hagius, Caspar Bauhin and Severin Göbel and entered himself in Daniel Halbach von der Phorten’s register . He was not related to the Düsseldorf Lutheran court preacher and church councilor Mag. Justus Weyer († 1641) from Schweinsberg .

The funeral address for Galenus Weyer, who died at the age of 72, was given by Philipp Pöppinghausen in 1619.

family

Galenus Weyer was married to Theodora (Derica) van Holthausen (House Holthuysen near Keppeln ), daughter of Franz van Holthuisen († around 1578) from Goch and Agneta van Dript, since 1576. Your children were:

1. Johannes Wierus the Elder J. (* around 1580; † 1633/39), studied 1601 in Marburg, 1602, 1603 in Basel , 1605/06 in Padua and became a Dr. med. PhD. Johann Weyer the Elder In 1625 J. was the owner of the register in Emmerich , in 1627 a doctor and mayor in Emmerich. He was married to Catherina Keuchenia († 1625), sister of the doctor Samuel Keuchenius (* around 1607, † after 1644) and the predicant Peter Keuchenius (1603–1644), daughter of the doctor and mayor Robert Keuchenius from Wesel and Gertrud Potgießer. As his children or as the grandsons of Galenus Weyer are mentioned:
   1. Galenus Weier the Elder J. (* before 1615; † 1642/46), 1636 as Galenus Weier Clivensis matriculated at the Philosophical Faculty in Groningen, son of the doctor Johann Weyer the Elder. J.,
   2. Wilhelm von Weier (* around 1600; † 1646/54), converted to Catholicism, princely Palatinate-Neuburgian mayor in Jülich, referred to himself as Montensis Rhetor (= Bergischer Prosaredner ) in 1631 , owned the house in Düsseldorf in 1632, which his grandfather had acquired in 1595 Flingerstraße , 1646 Vogt zu Sittard, married to Elisabeth Heistermann († 1658), daughter of the Princely Neuburg Council, licentiate Theodor Heistermann († 1627), protector of the Jülich court in Düsseldorf, and Helena Clunsch (Cleunsch, Kleunsch) († after 1632 ). Wilhelm Weyer's children were the siblings:
      1. (probably) Andreas Johannes Weyer (* 1635/40; † 1654/64), 1654 as “Andr. Joh. Weyer Juliac. "Matriculated in Cologne,
      2. Johann Rutger Weyer (* 1635/40; † around 1661/64), 1655 as "Joh. Rutg. de Weyer Juliac. "matriculated in Cologne, a" rejected "brother,
      3. Johann Barthold (Bartholomäus) von Weyer (* 1635/40; † 1708), 1655 as "Joh. Barthold de Weyer Juliac. "Matriculated in Cologne, 1658 canon, from 1677 (resigned) scholaster and thesaurus of the parish and collegiate church Beatae Mariae Virginis assumtae in Düsseldorf,
      4. (probably) Johann Heinrich Weyer (* around 1640; † 1658/64), 1658 as "Joh. Henr. Weyer Juliac. "Matriculated in Cologne,
      5. Franciscus Weyer SJ (* around 1640, † after 1669), 1659 as "Franc. Weyer Juliac. "Matriculated in Cologne, master's degree in Düsseldorf,
      6. Robert Weyer OFMCap , SOCist († 1730), joined the Capuchin order around 1661, monk in the Heisterbach monastery ,
      7. Maria Viktoria Weyer OAnnM († after 1664), only sister, nun in Düsseldorf,
   3. Gertrud Weyer (* before 1625, † after 1677), named as the sister of Wilhelm Weyer, married to Eberhard van Groin (* around 1610; † 1657/77) from Rees . Her son was:
      1. Cornelius von Groin (1642–1723) from Rees ( Resa-Clivensis ), attended grammar school in Deventer , enrolled in 1661 in Duisburg, 1664 in Heidelberg, legal doctorate in Heidelberg in 1666, royal Prussian council and advocatus fisci (state representative in civil law disputes) in Kleve,
2. Franz Weier († after 1617), studied with Winold Kyver († 1628) and Peter Linden in Cologne in 1600/01 , received a licentiate in both rights in Basel in 1605 and dedicated his dissertation to his father and his uncle (" patruo suo ") Johannes Weyer ( * around 1555; † 1610) on Döltsch ; 1617 "Franciscus Wierus IVL (= Iuris utriusque Licentiatus)" is mentioned together with his relative (husband of a cousin) Marquard Freher in Heidelberg,
3. Maria († probably before 1609),
4. Judith († after 1613). Stephan VII von Hertefeld met a daughter of Weyer's in Düsseldorf in 1609.

In 1658 Johann Barthold von Weyer bought the nomination patent for his Düsseldorf canonical for 600 Reichstaler from the Reformed Congregation in Düsseldorf, which had successfully raised the claim to the benefice of Lorenz Bishop († 1658), and in 1662 he gave Duke Wilhelm V von Jülich a pension. Kleve-Berg from 1566 for a loan from his great-grandfather Johann Weyer the Elder. Ä. over 400 thalers to the Aerarium ecclesiasticum donated in Kleve for the Reformed Church of the country . In 1691 Johann Barthold von Weyer was one of the two founders of the Holy Trinity Parish in Derendorf . In 1703 he sold the Weyerhof ("Doktorhof") in Ober-Lörick and put his nephew Liz. Cornelius von Groin in Kleve as heir in his will; this led to procedural problems because he did not belong to the Catholic denomination like the testator, but was Protestant.

Heinrich Weyer (around 1545–1591), personal physician of the Trier Elector Jakob III. von Eltz (1510–1581) and Johann VII. von Schönenberg (1525–1599), was another brother of Galenus Weyer. Matthias Romswinckel (Mathyß Rhumßwinckell) (* around 1552; † before 1630), Richter zu Goch, married to Henrica von Holthausen, was his brother-in-law.

swell

• Galenus Wyer, doctor , approx. 1600; Landesarchiv NRW, Westphalia Münster department (inventory of the Kleve-Märkische government, Landessachen, No. 622 reorganization of the Kleve-Märkischen Chamber of Accounts, sheet 83)
• Protocollum Inquisitionis… 2. 5ta Septembris ante meridiem . In: Markus Theodor von Haupt : Jacobe, Duchess of Jülich, born Margravine of Baden. Biographical sketch , Scholars bookstore, Koblenz 1820, p. 98f ( Google Books )
• Correspondence with Karl von Utenhove the Elder. J. in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München , Collectio Camerariana Vol. 19, Clm 10369, sheets 160-183
• Letter from Wilhelm Fabry to Galenus Weyer of March 6, 1602. In: Wilhelm Fabry: Opera. Quae extant omnia . Johann Ludwig Dufour, Frankfurt am Main 1632, p. 44f. ( Google Books )
• Letter from Galenus Weyer to Wilhelm Fabry of June 16, 1602 from Düsseldorf; Bern Burgerbibliothek (Cod. 496 (A) 314) = Galenvs Wiervs Reuerendißim. Electoris Treuerensis, & c. nec non illustriss. Principis Cliuiacensium, Iuiacens. & Montens. & c. Archiater, Guilelemo Fabricio Hildano Chirurgo praestantißimo S.P.D. In: Wilhelm Fabry: Guilielmi Fabricii Hildani Paterniacensis Chirurgi Ordinarij Observationvm & Curationum Chirurgicarum Centvriae . Ludwig König, Basel 1606, pp. 157–159 ( Google Books ) = Wilhelm Fabry: Opera. Quae extant omnia . Johann Ludwig Dufour, Frankfurt am Main 1632, p. 45.
• From a letter from Count Johann Adolph von Dhaun and Broich to Landgrave Moritz dated May 1st ^July. / May 11th  1609 ^greg. . In: Ludwig Keller: The Counter Reformation in Westphalia and on the Lower Rhine. Acts and Explanations , Vol. III 1609–1623 (publications from the K. Prussian State Archives 62), Salomon Hirzel, Leipzig 1895, p. 110. ( OpenLibrary )
• Letters from Heinrich Botterus to Galenus Wierus of August 24, 1612 and February 15, 1614 from Cologne (Bibliothèque nationale de France Paris, MF 11922 MS Dupuy 348, sheets 200 and 10)
• Philipp von Pöppinckhusen: Trawr and consolation sermon, which in a respectable and crowded gathering at the Christian funeral of the ... Galeni Weier, The Medicin Doctoris ... and Bergischen Leib-Medici , which took place on April 17, 1619 in the morning between one and two hours 72nd year of his age ... departed and following on the 21st of the same ... laid in their previously prepared burial, held in the Reformed Churches and Churches according to God's word, Gerhardt Verstegen, Kleve 1619

literature

• Carl Binz : Doctor Johann Weyer, a Rhenish doctor, the first fighter against the witch craze. A contribution to the German cultural history of the 16th century . In: Journal of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein 21 (1885), pp. 1–171, esp. P. 167 ( OpenSource )
• Gustav C. Knod: Rhineland students in the 16th and 17th centuries at the University of Padua . In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 68 (1899), pp. 133–189, especially pp. 169 f. ( Google Books , limited preview)
• Carl Binz:  Weyer, Johann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 42, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1897, pp. 266-270.
• Abraham Schierbeek, Leonard Dooren: Drie tot heden niet publiceerde brieven van Caspar Bauhin to Galenus Wier, zoon van Johannes, en een aan Johannes Wier zelf court letters . In: Biologische Jaarboek ( Dodonaea ) 30 (1962), pp. 527-541.
• Uta Müller: Life and work of the Lower Rhine doctor Galenus Weyer (1547-1619), personal doctor of the dukes Wilhelm III. and Johann Wilhelm von Jülich, Kleve and Berg (diss. med. Bochum 2000)
• Olaf Richter: Lower Rhine lifeworlds in the early modern period. Petrus Simonius Ritz (1562–1622) and his family between the nobility and the bourgeoisie . Böhlau, Cologne 2015, pp. 484f and 517f
• Lotte Kosthorst: Scholarly Physicians on the Lower Rhine. The Italian studies of doctors at the court of Wilhelm V. von Jülich-Kleve-Berg (1539–1592) . In: Kaspar Gubler, Rainer Christoph Schwinges (Hrsg.): Learned lifeworlds in the 15th and 16th centuries . (Repertorium Academicum Germanicum. Research 2), Hochschulverlag, Zurich 2018, pp. 129–156, esp. Pp. 138f, 146 and 149–152 ( digitized from Academia.edu)

Remarks

1. ↑ From Augsburg, also Georg Laubius, pupil of Hieronymus Wolf (1516–1580), studied in Montpellier, Pisa, Padua and Florence, doctor in Augsburg, son of Johannes Laub, correspondence with Joachim Camerarius (1534–1598).
2. ^ Probably David Schweinder from Steinfurt .
3. ↑ grandson of Arnold Birckmann († 1541).
4. ^ From Barntrup, studied in Herborn-Siegen and Heidelberg, pastor in Neviges since 1600 and in Düsseldorf since 1609.
5. ↑ From Löhnberg , school in Dillenburg, 1592 in Herborn-Siegen, from 1603 to 1609 preacher and vice rector in Elberfeld, from 1609 in Düsseldorf, 1612 to 1618 assistant preacher and rector in Düsseldorf, 1618 teacher and 1627 to 1654 rector of the Latin school and library in Zutphen.
6. ↑ From Elberfeld, grammar school in Herborn, released to study in 1595, 1598, 1599 in Heidelberg, 1600 doctorate in Basel, 1601 in Leiden, 1604 in Padua, doctor in Elberfeld, 1630 professor of medicine at the academic grammar school in Deventer, father of Engelbert Teschenmacher d. J. (1608–1649), 1638 professor of medicine in Deventer, mathematician and overseer of the calendar system.
7. ↑ From Kleve, 1586 Dr. med. in Basel, doctor in Arnhem.
8. ↑ Also Kiver; from Deventer, enrolled in Cologne in 1588, Lic. jur., from 1602 Kleve-Mark lawyer at the Imperial Court of Justice in Speyer, Syndic of the City of Cologne, ⚭ I. with Adelheid von der Ketten, ⚭ II. with Catherina Birckman.
9. ↑ From Venlo, defended legal disputation theses in Cologne in 1589 and 1593.
10. ^ Count Johann Adolf von Daun-Falkenstein (1582–1623).
11. ^ Landgrave Moritz von Hessen-Kassel (1572-1632).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ See Heinrich Eschbach: Dr. med. Johannes Wier, the personal physician of Duke Wilhelm III. from Cleve-Jülich-Berg . In: Contributions to the history of the Lower Rhine 1 (1886), pp. 57–174, especially p. 169 f. ( Google Books ; limited preview).
2. ↑ See Johann Weyer: De praestigiis daemonum , German edition Frankfurt am Main 1586, especially foreword and p. 161 (on Galenos) and p. 134–138, p. 528 (on the Paracelsists).
3. ^ Letter to Wilhelm Fabry; see. his letter to Claudius Deodatus , surgeon of the Bishop of Basel, of July 23, 1619. In: Opera. Quae extant omnia . Johann Ludwig Dufour, Frankfurt am Main 1632, pp. 465-467, especially p. 466 ( Google Books ).
4. ↑ Matricula Nationis Germanicae Artistarum in Gymnasio Patavino (1553-1721), ed. by Lucia Rossetti, Padova 1986, p. 33, no.277.
5. ↑ Cf. Olaf Richter: Niederrheinische Lebenswelten in the early modern period . Böhlau, Köln 2015, p. 517, note 477 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
6. ↑ Certificate of August 19, 1597; Landesarchiv NRW Rhineland Department, Düsseldorf (holdings 120.58.00 Kreuzbrüder, certificate no. 134).
7. ↑ ^{a b} cf. “Flinger Straess… Wilhelm Weier” in: Heinrich Ferber (Ed.): The land tax book of Düsseldorf from 1632 . W. Deiters, Düsseldorf 1881, p. 28 ( digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf).
8. ↑ See Observatio LXXXVI . In: Wilhelm Fabry: Opera. Quae extant omnia . Johann Ludwig Dufour, Frankfurt am Main 1632, p. 165.
9. ↑ See Observatio LX . In: Wilhelm Fabry: Opera. Quae extant omnia . Johann Ludwig Dufour, Frankfurt am Main 1632, p. 48; Observatio LXXXVIII (letter from Wilhelm Fabry to Peter Pauw (1564-1617) from Frankfurt am Main, December 8, 1617). In: ibid , p. 485 f., Especially p. 486; Conrad Berthold Behrens: Historical description of the high-well-born house of the lords of Steinberg . Gottfried Freytag, Hanover / Wolfenbüttel 1697, p. 28.
10. ↑ See Observatio LX. Annotation . in: Wilhelm Fabry: Observationum et curationum chirurgicarum centuriae . Ludwig König, Basel 1606, p. 174 f. ( Google Books ); Erwin Sacrifice: Tapeworms in the human gallbladder and their possible relationship to gallstone formation . In: Virchow's archive for pathological anatomy and physiology and for clinical medicine 279 (1930), pp. 193-206.
11. ↑ See Johann Weyer: De praestigiis Daemonum ; German edition Nicolaus Basseus, Frankfurt am Main 1586, p. 269 ( Google Books ); here dated to 1572.
12. ↑ See Observatio LVIII (letter from Wilhelm Fabry to Johannes Burgauer (1600–1635), surgeon from Schaffhausen, of April 8, 1627 from Bern). In: Wilhelm Fabry: Opera. Quae extant omnia . Johann Ludwig Dufour, Frankfurt am Main 1632, p. 573 f., Esp. P. 573: Weyer says, "videlicet urachum in omnibus pervium esse, & proinde Diuretica maximo cum fructu umbilico applicare".
13. ^ Johann Konrad Peyer: Observatio circa urachum in foetu humano pervium . Edita ab ejus filio (= edited by his son) Johann Jakob Peyer. Langerak, Leiden 1721, p. 12 f. ( Google Books ); see. Bernhard Peyer : The doctor Johann Conrad Peyer 1653-1712 . In: ders .: History of the Peyer family with the Wecken . Report House, Zurich 1932, pp. 299–346, especially p. 338.
14. ↑ See Ernst Veiel: The Metamorphosis of Urachus (diss. Med. Tübingen). Heinrich Laub, Tübingen 1862, p. 7.
15. ↑ Cf. Theodor Graminaeus: Mirror and illustration of the past ... like the ... Mr. Johan Wilhelm Hertzog zu Guelich ... on the fifth day Jannuarij, in the year 1592. in the Lord ... fell asleep, on the ten day Martij ... buried ..., o. O. [ Gras, Cologne] 1592 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich), ( Google Books ).
16. ↑ Cf. Olaf Richter: Niederrheinische Lebenswelten in the early modern period . Böhlau, Cologne 2015, p. 517f.
17. ↑ Documents of August 16, 1594, August 19, 1597 and April 18, 1613; Landesarchiv NRW Rhineland department, Düsseldorf (holdings 120.58.00 Kreuzbrüder, documents no.133, 134 and 141; see no.124a; files no.32).
18. ↑ Cf. Thomas Beer von Lahr: Original memorabilia of a contemporary at the court of Johann Wilhelm III. JHC Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1834, pp. 52–56 ( Google Books ); Theodor von Haupt: Jacobe, Duchess of Jülich, born Margravine of Baden. Biographical sketch , Gelehrten-Buchhandlung, Koblenz 1820, p. 76 ( Google Books ).
19. ↑ Cf. Theodor von Haupt: Jacobe, Duchess of Jülich, born Margravine of Baden. Biographical sketch , learned bookstore, Koblenz 1820, pp. 93 and 98f.
20. ^ Bavarian Main State Archives Munich (Pfalz-Neuburg, Geheime Kanzlei, Jülich'sche Registratur, No. 123 (h 251/3), sheets 101-103); see. Olaf Richter: Lower Rhine lifeworlds in the early modern period . Böhlau, Cologne 2015, p. 484f, note 379 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
21. ^ Cf. Karl Wilhelm Bouterwek : Three days of homage to the city of Wesel . In: Zeitschrift des Bergisches Geschichtsverein 2 (1865), pp. 124–196, esp. Pp. 170 f. ( Google Books ).
22. ↑ Cf. Olaf Richter: Niederrheinische Lebenswelten in the early modern period . Böhlau, Cologne 2015, p. 518, note 480.
23. ↑ Cf. Emil Pauls: The Exorcism to Duke Johann Wilhelm von Jülich 1604 and 1605 . In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine, especially the Old Archdiocese of Cologne 63 (1897), pp. 27–53, especially p. 49 ( digitized version of the University and State Library in Düsseldorf).
24. ↑ See Karl Georg Döhmann (Ed.): The life of Count Arnold von Bentheim 1554–1606 . Edited from the manuscripts. Winter, Burgsteinfurt 1903, p. 68 f. ( Digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf).
25. ↑ ^{a b} See the letter from Count Johann Adolph von Dhaun. In: Ludwig Keller: The Counter Reformation in Westphalia and on the Lower Rhine. Pieces of Acts and Explanations , Vol. III 1609–1623 (publications from the K. Prussian State Archives 62), Salomon Hirzel, Leipzig 1895, p. 110 ( Google Books ; limited preview). Stephan VII von Hertefeld was hooked with the Weyer family, s. the article Karl von Utenhove the Elder (around 1500–1580).
26. ^ Karl Wilhelm Bouterwek: History of the Latin school in Elberfeld, and the grammar school that grew out of this . Langewiesche / Lucas, Elberfeld 1875, pp. 32, 34, 37; Adolf von Harleß:  Redinghoven, Johann Godfried von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 27, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, pp. 534-536.
27. ↑ See entries from January 2 and 8, 1611. In: Rudolf Löhr (edit.): Protocols of the presbytery of the Reformed Congregation Düsseldorf , Vol. I 1609–1632 . (Series of publications by the Association for Rhenish Church History 48). Press Association of the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland, Düsseldorf 1974, p. 18.
28. ^ Friedrich Lau: History of the City of Düsseldorf , Vol. I. Bagel, Düsseldorf 1921, p. 187.
29. ↑ Cf. Karl Wilhelm Bouterwek: History of the Latin School in Elberfeld, and the grammar school that grew out of it . Langewiesche / Lucas, Elberfeld 1875, pp. 29–32, 36–38 and 75; see. P. 163, note 37, p. 164, note 42 and p. 170, note 96 ( digitized in the Internet Archive).
30. ↑ Cf. his poem for his relative ( affinis ): GALENE Karolo qui WIERE Utenhovio , Düsseldorf 1584; Uppsala University Library (Identifier: 33140) ( digitized from the Waller Manuscript Collection, Uppsala University Library) and others
31. ^ Collection of the University Library Erlangen-Nürnberg (Sigel: 29).
32. ↑ Entry between 1602 and 1614; Königsberg City Library (S 16/8 °, sheet 72; loss of war); Kurt Bogun: The library in the Königsberg city library [II] . In: Vierteljahrsschrift für Wappen-, Siegel- und Familienkunde 32 (1904), pp. 36–155, esp. P. 39.
33. ↑ Justus Weyer was appointed court preacher in 1611 and after Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm's official conversion to Catholicism (1614), he was only released from court service in 1629, after which he was pastor of the Düsseldorf Lutheran congregation until his death, which was then banned.
34. ↑ ^{a b c d e} cf. Emil Dösseler, Friedrich Wilhelm Oediger (edit.): The main state archive in Düsseldorf and its holdings (publications of the state archives of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia A 8), Vol. VIII The Lehnsregister of the Duchy of Kleve. Respublica-Verlag, Siegburg 1974, ISBN 978-3-87710-064-6 , p. 549.
35. ^ Regest of a document dated August 15, 1627; Historisch Centrum Overijssel (0568 Hövell, Van family, House Gnadenthal te Ganswick, documents 128; see 96 and 109).
36. ↑ ^{a b c} See note from 1625 on the reverse on a document dated April 18, 1613; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Düsseldorf, Kreuzbrüder, documents no. 141).
37. ^ Margin note to an entry of June 5, 1616 and entries of February 4, 1636 and August 20, 1639; Gelders Archief (2003 ORA Arnhem, 414, no.461, 660 and 695, sheets 180, 250 and 264f; digitized version ).
38. ↑ ^{a b} Cf. Alfons Alders: Vynen. The “royal” courts . In: Studies on the history of the city of Xanten 1228-1978 . Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne, 1978, pp. 335-356, especially p. 347.
39. ^ Document of October 26, 1627; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Jülich, Kartause Vogelsang, documents), u. a.
40. ^ Contributor to: Poemata Varia. Opera ac studio Iuventuris Academiae in Gymnasio novo Trium Coronarum Coloniae Agrippinae, Cum Duo Patres E Societate Jesu , R. P. Joannes Perlinus Madritanus, & R. P. Franciscus Van der Veken , Antverp. SS. Theolog. Doctores solenni ritu Anno 1631. February 26th renunciarentur. Promotore Adm. R. P. D. Severino Binio , SS. Theolog. Doct. Eximio, & Metropol. Aedis Canonico Presb. & Capitulari . Kinckius, Cologne 1631, p. 13 ( digitized version of the Herzog August Library Wolfenbüttel).
41. ↑ Wolfgang Schindler: History and ancestry of the Heistermann family (Heisterman von Ziehlberg) . In: Westfälische Zeitschrift 158 (2008), pp. 235-350, especially p. 317.
42. ↑ Trial files, 1656–1661 (1592–1660); Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Reich Chamber of Commerce, No. 2232 - Az. H 102/305).
43. ↑ See "Aldt Stadt ... Wittib Licentiati Heistermans" in: Heinrich Ferber (Hrsg.): The land tax book of Düsseldorf from 1632 . W. Deiters, Düsseldorf 1881, p. 12; the house was badly damaged in the powder explosion in 1634.
44. ^ Document dated June 27, 1664; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Düsseldorf, Annuntiatinnen / Coelestinerinnen, No. 3).
45. ↑ Richard Pick: Miscellen 10. To the adoration of the h. Apollinaris in Düsseldorf . In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 26/27 (1874), pp. 414–416, especially pp. 415f ( Google Books ).
46. ^ Document of October 23, 1669; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Düsseldorf, Jesuiten, No. 103); perhaps identical to a record book holder in Groningen in 1656.
47. ^ "Fr [ater] Robertus Wierus Düsseldorpiensis obiit" (joined under Abbot Robert Cüpper); Memories book of the Cistercian Abbey of Heisterbach ; State archive NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (archive of the former Heisterbach Abbey).
48. ↑ 1631 matriculated for law studies in Groningen.
49. ↑ Dipuatation legalis de vindicatione, negatione et amissione servitutum , quam… proponit Franciscus Weier Clivius. Grevenbruch, Cologne 1600; Subsequentes perutilis legatorum & fideicommissorum materiae conclusiones . Grevenbruch, Cologne 1601; Disputatio feudalis tertia finem et effectum feudorum comprehendens , ad quam… respondebit Franciscus Weier, Clivius Sicamber. Cologne 1602.
50. ↑ Disputatio inauguralis ex leg. Mora. XXXII. digest. de usuris , utilissimam & quotidianam morae materiam comprehendens, ad quam… pro licentia gradu in utroque iure tam Pontificio quam Caesareo consequendo, publice… respondebit Franciscus Weier Clivius Sicamber. Waldkirch, Basel 1605 ( digitized version from the Basel University Library).
51. ↑ Heinrich Joseph Floß : Regarding Tomberg . In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 14 (1876), pp. 300–306, especially p. 306.
52. ^ ^{A b} cf. Gustav C. Knod: Rhineland students in the 16th and 17th centuries at the University of Padua . In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine 68 (1899), pp. 133-189, p. 170.
53. ↑ Cf. August Franzen: The Cologne Archdeaconate in pre- and post-Tridentical times . (Studies on the history of the Reformation and texts 78/79). Aschendorff, Münster 1953, pp. 356f.
54. ↑ Brandenburg Foundation, 1566–1683 and 1613–1730; Archive of the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland Düsseldorf / Moers (inventory 4KG 005 Evangelical Church Community Düsseldorf, No. 198 and 199).
55. ^ Document of April 16, 1703; State archive NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Düsseldorf, Kreuzbrüder, documents no. 194).
56. ↑ Cf. Burkhard Gotthelf Struve : Corpus actorum et graviminum religionis des Holy Röm. Reichs , Vol. II. Birckner, Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig 1724, p. 308; Thorough Ex Actis Judicialibus et Evidentia Facti drawn and verified with backed documentis answers to ... untrue and unfounded religious complaints . Krütinger, Regensburg 1724, p. 30.
57. ↑ Trial files, 1610–1628; State archive NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Reich Chamber of Commerce, No. 4848 - Az. R 1119/4391).
58. ^ From and to the Mühlensche Library in Senden-Bösensell (Sign. B 0010,04); from the baroque library of Jodokus Hermann Nünning (1675–1753).