Detarium senegalense

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Detarium senegalense
Detarium senegalense, illustration of inflorescences and fruit

Detarium senegalense , illustration of inflorescences and fruit

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Carob family (Caesalpinioideae)
Tribe : Detarieae
Genre : Detarium
Type : Detarium senegalense
Scientific name
Detarium senegalense
JFGmel.
Fruit of Detarium senegalense with green and fibrous-floury and the exposed, bony-fibrous, woolly ball of mesocarp
Stone core (or woody meso- and endocarp) and below the seeds of Detarium senegalense

Detarium senegalense is a plant from the genus Detarium in the subfamily of caesalpinioideae (Caesalpinioideae) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). It is common in tropical Africa .

description

Vegetative characteristics

Detarium senegalense grows as a deciduous tree with a dense crown and reaches heights of 15 to 39 meters. The trunk diameter can reach 60-100 centimeters. The brownish-gray bark is fine-cracked to slightly scaly. The tree exudes a yellowish, aromatic resin .

The alternate, stalked leaves are mostly unpaired or paired and alternately pinnate, with about 7–13 short-stalked leaflets . They are up to 23 centimeters long with a petiole. The entire, lighter underside of the leaflets are ovate to obovate or elliptical and about 5–8 × 2–4 cm in size. They are rounded or round-pointed to marginalized and slightly hairy underneath. The leaflet has translucent points. The nerve is pinnate with a lighter, underneath raised central artery. The small stipules are sloping.

Generative characteristics

The flowers stand together in 10 to 15 cm long, axillary and slightly hairy, multi-flowered panicle inflorescences . The bracts and bracts are early sloping. The hermaphroditic, four-fold and short-stalked flowers with a simple flower envelope have no petals . The four whitish, about 4 mm long, more or less hairy sepals are egg-shaped and about 4 mm long. One is slightly larger than the other three. There are usually 10 free, protruding stamens with white stamens. The hairy, unilocular ovary is upper constant and short stalks, with a partly folded up curled, white pen .

Bald, brownish and roundish, relatively smooth stone fruits (or stone fruit- like legumes ) are formed. They are about 5–7 cm tall. The slightly woody fruit peel (or the flaps, valves) breaks easily. The two-layered mesocarp is green and fibrous-floury on the one hand, and bony-fibrous and woolly ball-shaped to the bottom, woody, firm and fused with the endocarp (or the brownish and lonely stone core) on the other. The flattened, rounded, about 2.5 cm large, hard and smooth seed is brown and wrinkled to wrinkled.

Systematics

The first description of Detarium senegalense was in 1791 by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in Protologue: Syst. nat. 2 (1): 700. A synonym for Detarium senegalense J.F.Gmel. is Detarium heudelotianum Baill. At times the name Detarium senegalensis was used instead of Detarium senegalense .

distribution

Detarium senegalense is widespread in tropical central to western Africa, especially in the western part. The deposits are in the west in the states of Benin , Burkina Faso , Ivory Coast , Gambia , Ghana , Guinea , Guinea-Bissau , Liberia , Nigeria , Senegal , Sierra Leone and Togo ; to the east, the deposits extend into the Democratic Republic of the Congo , the Central African Republic and Sudan . Detarium senegalense is grown in Indonesia as well as on Trinidad and Tobago .

use

fruit

The fruits of Detarium senegalense are known in the Senegambia region under the name Ditakh (also with the spelling Ditach , Ditah and Ditax in the Wolof language ; Tallo also with the spelling Taloo in Mandinka ; Boto in Fulfulde ; Bungungut in Diola ).

The fruit, rich in vitamin C and otherwise very nutritious, has a greenish, fibrous, floury pulp and has a sour taste.

The fruit is eaten fresh or made into a refreshing drink in local Senegal and Gambian cuisine , the juice of which is bright green. The fruits ripen for 170 to 200 days and can be kept for a month and a half after being picked from the tree.

The fruits contain around 1290 mg of vitamin C per 100 g (almost half as much as the acerola fruit) and are therefore among the fruits that are richest in vitamin C. They also contain B vitamins, calcium, iron and phosphorus.

Wood

The wood from Detarium senegalense is traded under the names Boiré , Mambode (also Mamboe ) and Bodo . An English-speaking common name for this tree species is "tallow tree". The wood of the Detarium senegalense is copper brown with dark brown veins; it is somewhat similar to walnut wood . It is mainly used for cabinet making as well as for veneers and parquet . The bulk density of the wood is 0.65 to 0.75 g / cm 3 .

literature

Web links

Commons : Detarium senegalense  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Charles R. Gunn: Fruits and Seeds of the Genera in the Subfamily Caesalpinioideae (Fabaceae). Technical Bulletin No. 1755, USDA Agriculture Research Service, 1991, pp. 312 f.
  2. ↑ Detarium senegalense at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 26, 2015.
  3. ↑ online at biodiversitylibrary.org.
  4. ↑ a b Detarium senegalense in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  5. ↑ Detarium senegalense at International Legume Database Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb '- World Database of Legumes, Version 10.38 from July 20, 2010.
  6. ↑ 3.2. country information on food plants in The Gambia. In: Non-Wood Forest Products In The Gambia. (engl.)
  7. ↑ 3.1. Les fruits forestiers. In: Etude Sur La Collecte Et L'analyse Des Données Sur Les Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux Au Sénégal. (French)
  8. ^ Antioxidants - Consolidated Review of Potential Benefits. In: GlycoScience. Archived from the original on April 15, 2004 ; accessed on June 17, 2014 (English).