Curling spiders

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Curling spiders
Green curled spider (Nigma walckenaeri)

Green curled spider ( Nigma walckenaeri )

Systematics
Class : Arachnids (arachnida)
Order : Spiders (Araneae)
Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae)
Partial order : Entelegynae
Superfamily : Dictynoidea
Family : Curling spiders
Scientific name
Dictynidae
OP Cambridge , 1871

The curly spiders (Dictynidae) are a family of real spiders from the superfamily Dictynoidea . Individual species also have the designation "lurking spiders". The family comprises 52 genera and 578 species .

description

Curled spiders are all small spiders. Only a few species exceed a body length of four millimeters. Many species are inconspicuously brown in color, but some are also noticeably colorful, such as the light green Nigma walckenaeri .

Curling spiders belong to the cribellate spiders . Most species do not use their special spinning machine to produce threads of glue, but rather a particularly fine and crimped spinning wool. This is spun onto plants in irregular webs. Insects get hopelessly entangled in these fine webs and thus become prey for the curly spiders. Some genera like Mizaga cannot produce crimped wool because their cribellum is reduced.

Way of life and occurrence

Curled spiders occur in Central Europe in different habitats; on perennials , on dry grass , on trees and bushes. The common curly spider ( Dictyna arundinacea ) prefers the inflorescences of dried up plants such as tansy or various umbelliferae . The yellow curled spider ( Nimba flavescens ), on the other hand, is often found on oak leaves , the green curled spider on ivy leaves and wild grapevine . Species such as the common curly spider are extremely common and can be found almost everywhere where there are suitable locations, including at the edges of the roads and on ruderal areas.

Mating takes place during the summer. The male vibrates carefully on the female's net so as not to become prey himself. During mating, the male keeps the female's chelicerae with its own chelicerae. After mating, the male lives together with the female in a network for a while until it dies. The female spins a cocoon in her web and lays her eggs in it.

Native genera and species

56 species are common in Europe. The most important genera and species occurring in Central Europe are:

Systematics

The World Spider Catalog currently lists 52 genera and 464 species for curly spiders. (As of July 2018)

Web links

Commons : Curling Spiders  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Dictynidae in the World Spider Catalog

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 - Dictynidae . Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  2. ↑ Heiko Bellmann : Kosmos-Atlas arachnids of Europe . Kosmos-Verlag, 2006 ISBN 3-440-09071-X
  3. ↑ Jeremy A. Miller, Anthea Carmichael, Martín J. Ramírez, Joseph C. Spagna, Charles R. Haddad, Milan Řezáč, Jes Johannesen, Jiří Král, Xin-Ping Wang, Charles E. Griswold: Phylogeny of entelegyne spiders: Affinities of the family Penestomidae (NEW RANK), generic phylogeny of Eresidae, and asymmetric rates of change in spinning organ evolution (Araneae, Araneoidea, Entelegynae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 55, pp. 786-804, 2010
  4. ↑ Michael J. Roberts: Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe . Collins Field Guide, Bath 1995 ISBN 0-00-219981-5
  5. ↑ YM Marusik, SL Esyunin & TK Tuneva: A survey of Palaearctic Dictynidae (Araneae). 1. Taxonomic notes on Dictynomorpha Spassky, 1939, Brigittea Lehtinen, 1967 and Lathys Simon, 1884. Zootaxa, 3925, 1, pp. 129-144, February 2015 doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3925.1.9