Difenzoquat methyl sulfate

Structural formula
General
Surname	Difenzoquat methyl sulfate
other names	(1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium) methyl sulfate
Molecular formula	C 18 H 20 N 2 O 4 S
Brief description	colorless odorless solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	256-152-5
ECHA InfoCard	100.051.030
PubChem	39424
Wikidata	Q1224329
properties
Molar mass	360.43 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	0.8 g cm −3 (bulk density)
Melting point	155-157 ° C
boiling point	160 ° C (decomposition)
solubility	readily soluble in water (760 g l −1 at 25 ° C)
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 302-410
	P: 273-501
Toxicological data	206 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral )
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Difenzoquat methyl sulfate is a chemical compound from the group of pyrazolium derivatives .

Extraction and presentation

Difenzoquat methyl sulfate can be obtained by a multi-stage reaction from acetophenone with benzaldehyde and subsequent reaction of the respective intermediate products with bromine , sodium methoxide , methyl hydrazine and dimethyl sulfate .

properties

Difenzoquat methyl sulfate is a colorless solid that is readily soluble in water. It is poorly soluble in most organic solvents.

use

Difenzoquat methyl sulfate is used as a herbicide to contain oats in wheat and barley , the carrier of the effect being the 1,2-methyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium ion (difenzoquat ion). The herbicidal properties of the compound were discovered by American Cyanamid in 1973 and approved in 1975. Difenzoquat can lead to yellowing of the leaves if it is used on cereal crops that are stressed by cold and wet or hot and dry weather or lack of nutrients.

Admission

In EU countries such as Germany, Austria and Switzerland, no pesticides containing this active ingredient are permitted.

Trade names

Avenge, Finaven, Yeh-Yan-Ku

Web links

EPA: Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Difenzoquat (PDF; 887 kB), 1994

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Entry on difenzoquat methyl sulfate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 7, 2017(JavaScript required) .
↑ ^a ^b ^c United States Environmental Protection Agency: Pesticide Fact Handbook, Volume 2 . 1990, ISBN 978-0-8155-1239-4 ( page 214 in the Google book search).
↑ Entry on 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium methylsulphate in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ Thomas A. Unger: Pesticide synthesis handbook . 1996, ISBN 978-0-8155-1401-5 ( page 509 in the Google book search).
↑ Data sheet Difenzoquat methyl sulfate, PESTANAL ^® , analytical standard from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on August 3, 2011 ( PDF ).
↑ György Matolcsy, Miklós Nádasy, Viktor Andriska, Sándor Terényi: Pesticide chemistry, Volume 32 . Elsevier Science Ltd, 1989, ISBN 978-0-444-98903-1 ( page 782 in Google book search).
^ University of California Integrated Pest Management Program: Integrated pest management for small grains . 1990, ISBN 978-0-931876-91-2 ( page 85 in the google book search).
^ Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on difenzoquat in the EU pesticide database; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; Retrieved March 3, 2016.

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Entry on difenzoquat methyl sulfate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 7, 2017(JavaScript required) .

[EPA-2] United States Environmental Protection Agency: Pesticide Fact Handbook, Volume 2 . 1990, ISBN 978-0-8155-1239-4 ( page 214 in the Google book search).

[CLP_100.051.030-3] Entry on 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium methylsulphate in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[unger-4] Thomas A. Unger: Pesticide synthesis handbook . 1996, ISBN 978-0-8155-1401-5 ( page 509 in the Google book search).

[Sigma-5] Data sheet Difenzoquat methyl sulfate, PESTANAL ^® , analytical standard from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on August 3, 2011 ( PDF ).

[György-6] György Matolcsy, Miklós Nádasy, Viktor Andriska, Sándor Terényi: Pesticide chemistry, Volume 32 . Elsevier Science Ltd, 1989, ISBN 978-0-444-98903-1 ( page 782 in Google book search).

[buch-7] University of California Integrated Pest Management Program: Integrated pest management for small grains . 1990, ISBN 978-0-931876-91-2 ( page 85 in the google book search).

[PSM-8] Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on difenzoquat in the EU pesticide database; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; Retrieved March 3, 2016.