Safflower oil
| Safflower (thistle) oil | |
|---|---|
| Raw material plant (noun) |
Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius ) |
| origin |
Achene (fruits) |
| colour |
light yellow to reddish |
| ingredients | |
| Oleic acid | 8.4–22% or 70.0–83.7% (high oleic) |
| Linoleic acid | 53.5–83.2 or 9.0–19.9% (high oleic) |
| Palmitic acid | 5.3–8.0% or 3.6–6.0% (high oleic) |
| More fatty acids | Stearic acid 2.5-4.7% |
| Σ saturated fat | <10% |
| Vitamin A | 15.7-17.2 mg / 100 g |
| Vitamin E 2 | 45.3 mg / 100 g |
| properties | |
| density | = 0.922-0.938 kg / l |
| viscosity | = 32.3-41.2 mm 2 s at 40 ° C |
| Oxidation stability | 2.9 h |
| Melting point | −13 ° C to −20 ° C |
| Smoke point | 159 ° C |
| Flash point | 317 ° C |
| Iodine number | 90-150 |
| Saponification number | 186-203 |
| Calorific value | 39.5 MJ / kg |
| Cetane number | 42; 49.1 (high oleic) |
| Manufacturing and Consumption | |
| Production worldwide | 100,000 tons (2014) |
| Most important production countries | Mexico , India , USA , Uzbekistan |
| use | Cooking oil , technology, cosmetics |
Safflower oil ( safflower oil , safflower oil ) is a vegetable oil obtained from the achenes (fruit) of safflower is obtained. By cold pressing to obtain an edible oil by hot pressing a technically usable oil, are chemically considered both triglycerides . The crude oil is partly refined due to the scratchy taste . Depending on the average composition of the triglycerides, a distinction is made between two types of oil: one with a higher proportion of esterified oleic acid (also high oleic ) and another in which esterified linoleic acid ( high linoleic ) predominates. There is also SL safflower oil (SL stands for Structured Lipids), the fatty acid composition of which has been changed by chemical or enzymatic esterification of the triglyceride. Despite its high content of linoleic acid residues, safflower oil is very stable. The low proportion of saturated fatty acid residues makes it a nutritionally valuable oil.
Other vegetable oils are also called thistle (seed) oil. B. from nodding thistle ( Carduus nutans ), Ruthenian ball thistle ( Echinops ritro ), Benedictine herb ( Cnicus benedictus ), Mexican prickly poppy ( Argemone mexicana ) and also from donkey thistle ( Onopordum acanthium ).
use
kitchen
Since safflower oil is not heat-resistant, it should not be used for frying. However, it is suitable for brief stewing or cooking and as a salad oil . It is often used for vegetable dishes and only stirred in shortly before serving. It is also used in the manufacture of margarine .
medicine
In patients with hypercholesterolemia , safflower oil can be used as a dietary food in combination with a low-fat diet for the prophylaxis and treatment of arteriosclerosis due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids . It also inhibits blood clotting enzymes such as thrombin and thus lowers the risk of thrombosis in hypertriglyceridemia . In addition to influencing cardiovascular diseases, safflower oil can also be used topically for rheumatism , paralysis, sprains and contusions .
Cosmetics
Safflower oil is widely used in skin care products . It serves as a refatting agent for bath oils and shower gels. It is used as a care oil in the area around the eyes, for severe seborrhea and acne and for normal skin with a tendency to inflammation. Due to the matting effect, it is also used on combination skin with an oily tendency. A soft soap can be made from the oil .
technology
Safflower oil is a slow setting oil . The final strength is reached after about 4 weeks. After 12 hours of cooking, a gelatinous mass ( Afridi wax ) is created, which is used as a substitute for linseed oil in the manufacture of linoleum .
Safflower oil hardly yellows and is used in the manufacture of lacquer , varnish and oil paint . It is also used in the production of printing inks and alkyd resins . It is also used as a fuel and especially in India as a lubricant for leather and ropes.
The initial hardening can be accelerated by adding siccatives . Wood constituents can delay drying. Use outdoors and on exposed surfaces such as floors is not recommended. When treating wood, the safflower oil should be fully absorbed or wiped off the surface again, otherwise sticky or shiny protrusions may remain. Safflower oil can be added to casein colors to improve workability and adhesion.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Hans-Jochen Fiebig: Fatty acid composition of important vegetable and animal edible fats and oils at DGF .
- ↑ a b c d e Bavarian State Ministry for State Development and Environmental Issues: Vegetable oil-operated combined heat and power plants. Part 2, 2002, online (PDF; 1.35 MB), lfu.bayern.de, accessed on April 30, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Sabine Krist: Lexicon of vegetable fats and oils. Springer, 2008, ISBN 978-3-211-75606-5 , pp. 113-120, doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-211-75607-2_23 .
- ↑ B. Bozan, F. Temelli: Chemical composition and oxidative stability of flax, safflower and poppy seed and seed oils. In: Bioresource Technology. Volume 99, Issue 14, 2008, pp. 6354-6359, doi : 10.1016 / j.biortech.2007.12.009 .
- ^ A b V. C. Mehlenbacher: The Analysis of Fats and Oils. Garrard Press, 1960, p. 429.
- ↑ Sabine Krist: Lexicon of vegetable fats and oils. 2nd edition, Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7091-1004-1 , p. 211.
- ↑ Sergio Capareda: Introduction to Biomass Energy Conversions. CRC Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4665-1333-4 , p. 165.
- ^ Forest Gregg: SVO. New Society, 2008, ISBN 978-0-86571-612-4 , p. 47.
- ↑ Peter Emberger: Ignition, combustion and emission behavior of various vegetable oils. Dissertation, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, 2012, p. 23, urn : nbn: de: gbv: 3: 4-10094 , (PDF; 2.87 MB).
- ↑ a b FAO Statistics 2014 .
- ^ E. Reichardt: Archives of the Pharmacie . 3rd row, 2nd volume, 1st issue, 52nd year, 1873, p. 37.
- ^ Wilhelm Halden, Adolf Grün : Analysis of fats and waxes. Volume 2, Springer, 1929, ISBN 978-3-642-89318-6 , p. 170.
- ↑ a b Safflower Oil , Product Information Art. 370, In: Kreidezeit.de, July 31, 2018