Dmitri Nikolajewitsch Senjawin
Dmitry Senyavin ( russ. : Дмитрий Николаевич Сенявин even Siniavin * August 6 . Jul / 17th August 1763 greg. In Borovsk , † April 5 jul. / 17th April 1831 greg. ) Was a Russian admiral especially for its use in the coalition wars.
Life
Dmitri Senjawin was born in 1763 on a family estate near Borowsk into a well-known Russian sailor family. His uncle Naum Akimowitsch Senjawin had served as an admiral in the Russo-Austrian Turkish War from 1736 to 1739 .
Senjawin finished his training with the Marine Corps in 1780. Shortly afterwards he took part in an expedition to Lisbon . In 1783 he joined the newly founded Black Sea Fleet in and worked in the construction of the naval base of Sevastopol . He rose very quickly thanks to his family's reputation and support. When he had acted quickly to prevent a flagship from capsizing during a trip to Varna and after Prince Potjomkin had entrusted him with the transport of diplomatic documents, his reputation was finally consolidated.
During the 6th Russian Turkish War from 1787 to 1792 Senjawin took part in the battle of Fidonisi off the Snake Island (east of the Danube estuary) and in the conquest of Ochakiv .
After Ochakiv was conquered, Senjawin traveled to St. Petersburg to inform Tsarina Catherine the Great of the victory at Fidonisi. In 1791, a fleet led by Fyodor Ushakov destroyed a Turkish fleet at Cape Kaliakra . Although Senyavin served under Ushakov there, he had little interest in his strategy and was not impressed by his authority. In an impending dispute between Ushakov and Senjawin, Prince Potemkin was able to mediate through a letter to Ushakov.
During Ushakov's Mediterranean campaign from 1798 to 1800, Senjawin took command of the flagship St. Peter. His sailors stormed the island of Lefkas . On March 1, 1799 he took part under Ushakov in the conquest of the heavily fortified island of Corfu . After the end of the campaign, Senjavin took over the management of the ports of Kherson and Sevastopol.
In 1804 he was promoted to Rear Admiral and taken on the management of the port of Reval . Three years later, on the instructions of the new Tsar Alexander I, a fleet under Senjawin's leadership was sent to the Mediterranean, primarily to counteract the further spread of French influence. In September 1806 Senjawin had regained control of the southern Adriatic . He conquered the islands of Korčula and Lissa . The peace of Tilsit later reversed these conquests and the islands went back to France.
Even before the peace treaty was signed, a new war broke out with the Turks. Senjawin's fleet was ordered into the Aegean Sea to attack Istanbul . Senjawin reached the Dardanelles on February 24th, 1807 and captured July 23rd . / April 4, 1807 greg. the island of Tenedos . Senjawin used the island as a base, blocked the strait and cut off the supply route for the Turkish capital. After Sultan Selim III. was deposed after a revolt, his successor Mustafa IV sent his fleet to attack Senjawin's ships. As a result, there was the Battle of the Dardanelles (May 11th) and the naval battle of Limnos , which the Russian fleet on June 19th July. / July 1, 1807 greg. decided for himself. Senjawin remained victorious in both battles, securing Russian influence in the Aegean until the end of the war.
After the signing of the Tilsit peace treaty, the situation for Senjawin had changed dramatically. His previous conquests went again to France. The previous ally England was now the new enemy and France became an ally. After a large part of his fleet was ordered back to Sevastopol, Senjawin was to transfer the remaining ships to the Baltic Sea, where the Russian-Swedish war was already brewing. Although Senjawin planned to sail directly to St. Petersburg, the bad weather conditions forced him to move to the mouth of the Tagus River and anchor in Lisbon . The Russian fleet was eventually captured by the British Royal Navy . In November of that year, the French army under Andoche Junot captured Lisbon. Senjawin showed himself to be a brilliant diplomat who always maintained neutrality and thus prevented the destruction of his ships. After tough negotiations, Senjawin's ships were transferred to Portsmouth . On August 5, 1809, the fleet was allowed to leave and sailed to Riga, which it reached on September 9, 1809.
Senjawin's disobedience to the tsar meant that he was not given a new command of a fleet. During the Patriotic War he was only given the management of the Tallinn port and, despite several requests, was no longer given the chance to take part in armed conflicts.
Although Senjavin retired the following year, his name remained very popular in the Russian fleet. The Decembrists even planned to install Senjawin as a member of the Provisional Government.
Only after the death of Tsar Alexander I in 1825 was Senjawin reassigned to the fleet. In anticipation of a new conflict with Turkey, Nicholas I appointed him commander of the Baltic fleet .
The following year he was promoted to admiral and accompanied Login Geiden's fleet to the Mediterranean, where the combined British-French-Russian fleet won an overwhelming victory in the Battle of Navarino .
Senjawin died three years later and was buried in the presence of the Tsar in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery .
Several ships of the Russian and Soviet fleets bore his name in his memory. Furthermore, the Senjawin Islands in the Pacific Ocean are named after him.
Web links
- Article Senjawin (family) in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ^ Oskar Ludwig Bernhard Wolff: New most elegant conversation lexicon for educated people from all classes , Volume 4, page 442. Leipzig 1837 , queried on June 21, 2010
- ↑ ageofsails.de: Turkey , queried on June 21, 2010
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Senjawin, Dmitri Nikolajewitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Дмитрий Николаевич Сенявин (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian admiral |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 17th August 1763 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Family estate near Borovsk |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 17, 1831 |