Dmitri Nikolaevich Chechulin
Dmitri Nikolajewitsch Tschetschulin ( Russian Дмитрий Николаевич Чечулин , scientific transliteration Dmitrij Nikolaevič Čečulin ; * August 9th July / August 22nd 1901 reg. In Shostka , Chernigov Governorate , today Oblast Sumy , Ukraine ; † ) was October 29, 1981 in Moscow a Soviet architect who worked in Moscow and created several well-known structures there between the 1930s and 1970s.
Life
Chechulin graduated in 1929 from architecture studies at the Moscow Art School Vchutein , where he studied under the famous early Soviet architect Alexei Shtusev . In his early career he took part in the implementation of the general plan for the reconstruction of the capital that had been drawn up under the head of state and party leader Stalin . Among other things, he was entrusted in 1935 with the design of one of the first stations of the Moscow Metro , the Komsomolskaya under the square of the three stations . In 1941 Chechulin received the Stalin Prize for this project . 1938 followed with the flat landscaped station Kievskaya , at the same time the first metro connection of the main traffic Kiev station represented, the second important project led Tschetschulins.
Thanks to the positive response from the state power to his subway projects and his close relationships with leading architects of the early Soviet era, Chechulin made a quick career and was appointed chief architect of the city of Moscow in 1945. He stayed in this position until 1949, during which time he played a key role in the development of one of the largest Soviet building projects of the post-war period, the so-called Seven Sisters . One of these seven skyscrapers , the residential building on Kotelnitscheskaja Naberezhnaya (built 1948–52), was designed by Chechulin. In addition, in the late 1940s, Chechulin led, among other things, large-scale work on converting important arterial roads and designing inner-city green spaces.
After 1949 and until his death, Chechulin ran a workshop for the urban planning organization Mosprojekt-1 . His last major project was the government building on the Moskva , completed in 1979 , which has been commonly referred to as the White House since the 1990s . In its conception, Chechulin used stylistic elements of an administrative building for the state-owned Soviet airline Aeroflot that he designed in the 1930s, but never realized .
Works
In his architectural style, Chechulin was primarily inspired by Russian classicism of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In his earlier career, he was considered to be one of the pioneers of so-called socialist classicism (also known as the confectioner 's style), while Cheetulin's late works are much more matter-of-fact according to the prevailing style of the 1960s and 1970s. Cheetulin's urban development activity is widely criticized today, as he had entire historic districts demolished for some of his major projects (such as Zaryadye, an old district within Kitai-Gorod , for the construction of the Rossiya hotel in the 1960s).
Early works (1935–1955)
- Komsomolskaya metro station (line 1) , platform hall (1935)
- Okhotny Ryad metro station , entrance vestibule (1935)
- Kievskaya metro station (line 4) , platform hall (1937–1938)
- Dinamo metro station , entrance vestibule (1938)
- House on Kotelnicheskaya Embankment (1948–1952)
- Tchaikovsky Concert Hall (1940, together with K. Orlow)
- Hotel Beijing (1946)
- several apartment buildings
- several pavilions in the Exhibition Center of the Achievements of the Soviet National Economy
Late works (after 1955)
- Hotel Rossija (1967; demolished 2006)
- Library of Foreign Literature (1967, together with A. Sitnow)
- White House (1965–1979, together with Pawel Schteller )
Awards (selection)
- First Degree Stalin Prize (1941)
- Honored Architect of the People of the USSR (1971)
- Hero of Socialist Labor (1976)
- Order of Lenin (1947, 1976)
- Order of the October Revolution (1971)
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1939, 1957)
- Order of Friendship of Peoples (1981)
- Badge of Honor of the Soviet Union (1939)
Web links
- About the exhibition on the occasion of the 100th birthday of Chechoulin on the website of the State Architecture Museum (Russian)
- To the TV documentary about Chechulin , Pervy kanal (Russian)
- Biography , Shostka Museum (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Article Dmitri Nikolajewitsch Chechulin in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Chechulin, Dmitri Nikolayevich |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Čečulin, Dmitrij Nikolaevič; Чечулин, Дмитрий Николаевич (Russian) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | soviet architect |
DATE OF BIRTH | August 22, 1901 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Shostka , Chernigov Governorate |
DATE OF DEATH | October 29, 1981 |
Place of death | Moscow |