Dmytro Klyachkivskyi

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Dmytro Klyachkivskyj in the 1930s

Dmytro Semenowytsch Kljatschkiwskyj ( Ukrainian Дмитро Семенович Клячківський ; * 4. November 1911 in Zbaraż , Galicia , Austria-Hungary ; † 12. February 1945 in Orzhiv , Ukrainian SSR ) was a nationalist Ukrainian politician and commander in the Ukrainian Insurgent Army , a Ukrainian partisan organization during of World War II . Among other things, he also used the code name " Klym Sawur " (Ukrainian Клим Савур ). Polish and American historians hold Klyachkivskyi largely responsible for massacres and ethnic cleansing of Poles in Volhynia .

Life

Dmytro Kljatschkiwskyj was born on November 4, 1911 in the eastern Galician town of Zbaraż , at that time still part of Austria-Hungary . After the First World War , Eastern Galicia was initially claimed by the newly formed Western Ukrainian People's Republic . After it was broken up, the region became part of the re-established Polish state . The Polish-Ukrainian conflict came to a head against the background of culturally repressive domestic politics in Poland since the 1920s. Ukrainians made up the majority of the population in eastern Galicia, especially among the rural population, and were socially disadvantaged.

Kljatschkiwskyj studied law at the University of Lviv . He soon joined the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN). At the same time he served in the Polish Army and then worked in various administrative posts in Stanisławów . As early as 1937 he was temporarily arrested by the Polish police because of his involvement in the OUN.

After the attack on Poland by the German Empire and the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland , Klyachkivskyi, an avowed Ukrainian nationalist, was imprisoned by the Soviet NKVD in Lviv . He was initially sentenced to death, then the sentence was reduced to 10 years in prison. Klyachkivskyi managed to escape from a prison in Berdichev in 1941 .

After the German invasion of the Soviet Union , Kljatschkiwskyj was able to act more openly and was regional head of the OUN in German-occupied Lemberg from 1942 . From 1943 he was the commander of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army , the military arm of the OUN. The Ukrainian insurgent army also worked with the German occupiers at times, but also fought against them in part.

As the head of the Ukrainian insurgent army in Volhynia , Klyachkivskyi gave orders for ethnic cleansing and the targeted killing of Polish civilians in Galicia and Volhynia. Some historians even see him as the initiator of the pogroms against Poles living in Galicia. The Polish historian Władysław Filar said that he had found clear evidence in the archives of the Ukrainian secret service SBU that Klyachkivskyi was responsible for the massacres against the Polish civilian population.

On February 12, 1945, Klyachkivskyi died at the age of 33 near Orshiv during a battle with the Soviet NKVD .

role

Klyachkivskyi monument in his native town of Sbarash

The role and view of Klyachkivskyj is very controversial today. Klyachkivskyi's involvement in war crimes and ethnic cleansing is repeatedly emphasized by Polish and foreign sides . Within the Ukraine itself, however, within certain political circles, he also received a certain appreciation, especially for his commitment to Ukrainian issues. Today there are monuments to Klyachkivskyys in several Ukrainian cities.

The Ukrainian city of Ternopil even declared 2011 a commemorative year for Klym Zavur (alias Klyachkivskyys) and Yevhen Konovalets .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Клячкiвський Дмитро. ( Memento of June 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) at: oun-upa.org.ua
  2. ^ Matthew J. Gibney, Randall A. Hansen: Immigration and Asylum: From 1900 to the Present. Volume 1, ABC-Clio, Santa Barbara, 2005, ISBN 1-57607-796-9 , p. 205.
  3. ^ Tadeusz Piotrowski: Genocide and Rescue in Wołyń: Recollections of the Ukrainian Nationalist Ethnic Cleansing Campaign Against the Poles During World War II. McFarland, Jefferson 2000, ISBN 0-7864-0773-5 , p. 187.
  4. ↑ Luba Komar: Scratches on a Prison Wall: A Wartime Memoir. iUniverse, Bloomington 2009, ISBN 1-4401-5848-7 , p. 221.
  5. ↑ Władysław Filar: Antypolskie Akcje nacjonalistów ukraińskich . Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  6. ↑ ЯК ЗАГИНУВ І ДЕ ПОХОВАНИЙ КЛИМ САВУР. ( Memento of March 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) at: oun-upa.org.ua
  7. ↑ Volodymyr Kovalchuk : Скільки ж солдатів було в УПА? Секрети розкриває Клим Савур. In: Istorychna Pravda . December 3, 2010.
  8. ↑ Rok Sawura na Tarnopolszczyźnie. on: stary.naszdziennik.pl
personal data
SURNAME Klyachkivskyi, Dmytro
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sawur, Klym; Клячківський, Дмитро (Ukrainian); Савур, Клим (Ukrainian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ukrainian nationalist politician and commander of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army
DATE OF BIRTH November 4, 1911
PLACE OF BIRTH Zbaraż , Galicia , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH February 12, 1945
Place of death Orshiv near Rivne