Domenico Cimarosa

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Domenico Cimarosa

Domenico Cimarosa (born December 17, 1749 in Aversa , Kingdom of Naples , † January 11, 1801 in Venice ) was an Italian composer . Its main importance is in the field of opera and especially opera buffa .

Life

Domenico Cimarosa

His parents were poor, but anxious to give their son a good education. After moving to Naples, they gave him to a free school connected to one of the city's monasteries . The organist of the monastery, Padre Polcano, who had noticed the boy's intelligence, taught him the basic elements of music as well as the ancient and modern literature of the country. His influence gave Cimarosa free access to the Conservatory of Santa Maria di Loreto , where he stayed for eleven years, studying mainly the great masters of the old Italian school. Niccolò Piccinni , Antonio Sacchini and other musicians of high standing were among his teachers.

At the age of twenty, Cimarosa began his career as a composer with the opera buffa Le stravaganze del conte , which premiered in 1772 at the Teatro del Fiorentini in Naples. The work consisted of only two acts, which is why the one-act play Le pazzie di Stelladaura e di Zoroastro was added, a farce full of humor and exaggeration. In 1774 he was invited to Rome to write an opera for the coming season; he then composed the opera buffa L'italiana in Londra , which made him known and famous beyond Naples.

For the next thirteen years, Cimarosa's life contained no notable events. From 1781–1782 he worked as maestro di cappella at the Ospedaletto in Venice, wrote a series of operas for various Italian theaters, lived temporarily in Rome, temporarily in Naples and was on performance tours. From 1784 to 1787 he lived in Florence and wrote exclusively for the city's theater. During this time his productivity is enormous, it consists of comical and serious operas, cantatas and church music. The following works, among many others, are worth mentioning: Caio Mario ; the three biblical operas Assalone , La Giuditta and Il sacrificio d'Abramo , plus Il convito and La ballerina amante , a comic opera which premiered in Venice with great success.

In 1787 Cimarosa went to Saint Petersburg at the invitation of Tsarina Catherine II . He stayed at her court for four years and wrote an enormous number of compositions here too, many in the style of pièces d'occasion , most of which even the names have not been preserved. In 1791 he left Russia and, at the invitation of Emperor Leopold II , went to Vienna to succeed Antonio Salieri as court composer . Here he composed his masterpiece Il matrimonio segreto ( The Secret Marriage ), which ranks among the best performances of light opera music. In 1793 Cimarosa returned to Naples, where Il matrimonio segreto and other works were received with great acclaim. Among the compositions from his last stay in Naples, the Opera buffa Le astuzie femminili and the Opera seria Gli Orazi ed i Curiazi should be mentioned. He wrote the latter for Venice in 1796, thus creating a work that pointed far beyond the threshold of the 19th century.

During the occupation of Naples by the troops of the French Republic , Cimarosa accepted composition commissions from the new rulers, which is why he was imprisoned and sentenced to death when the Bourbons returned . Through the intervention of influential admirers, his condemnation was softened into exile, so that he could leave Naples for St. Petersburg. But his health was now broken, and after a long suffering, he died in Venice in January 1801 of colon inflammation. The nature of his illness led to the suspicion that he had been poisoned by his opponents, but this was rejected as unfounded in a formal investigation. He worked until the last moment of his life, so one of his operas, Artemisia , was left unfinished when he died.

Works

In addition to operas , Cimarosa wrote dramatic cantatas , church music , piano sonatas , oratorios , symphonies and solo concerts.

  • Le stravaganze del conte (carn. 1772 Napoli F) [ Le magie di Merlina e Zoroastro; Le pazzie di Stelladaura e Zoroastro ]
  • La finta parigina (carn. 1773 Napoli N)
  • I sdegni per amore (1.1776 Napoli N)
  • I matrimoni in ballo (carn. 1776 Napoli N)
  • La frascatana nobile (win. 1776 Napoli N) [ La finta frascatana ]
  • I tre amanti (carn. 1777 Roma V) [ Le gare degl'amanti ]
  • Il fanatico per gli antichi romani (spr. 1777 Napoli F)
  • L'Armida immaginaria (sum. 1777 Napoli F)
  • Gli amanti comici, o sia La famiglia in scompiglio (1778? - Napoli F; carn. 1796 Crema) [ Il matrimonio in commedia; La famiglia stravagante, ovvero Gli amanti comici ]
  • Il ritorno di Don Calandrino (carn. 1778 Roma V) [ Armidoro e Laurina ]
  • Le stravaganze d'amore (1778 Napoli F)
  • Il matrimonio per industria (1778? Napoli?) [?]
  • La contessina (sum. 1778 Bologna) [?] [+ G. Astaritta, Florian Leopold Gassmann ]
  • Il matrimonio per raggiro (1778/9? Roma ?; carn. 1802 Roma V) [ La donna bizzarra ]
  • L'italiana in Londra (carn. 1779 Roma V) [ La virtù premiata ]
  • L'infedeltà fedele (sum. 1779 Napoli Fo)
  • Le donne rivali (carn. 1780 Roma V) [et al.]
  • Cajo Mario (carn. 1780 Roma D)
  • I finti nobili (carn. 1780 Napoli F)
  • Il falegname (1780 Napoli F) [ L'artista ]
  • L'avviso ai maritati (1780 ?? Napoli F) [?]
  • Il pittore parigino (1780)
  • Il capriccio drammatico (1781? Torino ?; 1794 London)
  • Il pittore parigino (carn. 1781 Roma V) [ Le brame deluse ]
  • Alessandro nell'Indie (carn. 1781 Roma A)
  • L'amante combattuto dalle donne di Punto (1781 Napoli F) [ La biondolina; La giardiniera fortunata ]
  • Giunio Bruto (aut. 1781 Verona)
  • Giannina e Bernardone (aut. 1781 Venezia SS) [ Il villano geloso ]
  • Il convito (carn. 1782 Venezia SS) [ The feast ]
  • L'amor costante (carn. 1782 Roma V) [ Giulietta ed Armidoro ]
  • L'eroe cinese (August 13, 1782 Napoli SC)
  • La ballerina amante (1782 Napoli F) [ L'amante ridicolo ]
  • La Circe (carn. 1783 Milano S)
  • I due baroni di Rocca Azzurra (carn. 1783 Roma V) [ Dve nevesty; I due baroni; La sposa in contrasto; Il barone deluso ]
  • La villana riconosciuta (1783 Napoli Fo) [ La villanella rapita ]
  • Oreste (August 13, 1783 Napoli SC)
  • Chi dell'altrui si veste presto si spoglia (1783 Napoli F) [ Nina e Martuffo ]
  • Il vecchio burlato (1783 Venezia) [?]
  • I matrimoni impensati (carn. 1784 Roma V) [ La bella greca ]
  • L'apparenza inganna, o sia La villeggiatura (spr. 1784 Napoli F)
  • La vanità delusa (spr. 1784 Firenze P) [ Il mercato di Malmantile ]
  • L'olimpiade (July 10, 1784 Vicenza)
  • I due supposti conti, ossia Lo sposo senza moglie (aut. 1784 Milano S) [ Lo sposo ridicolo ]
  • Artaserse (December 26, 1784 Torino TR)
  • Il barone burlato (1784 Napoli N) [rev. Il pittor parigino ] [+ F. Cipolla]
  • Li finti conti (spr. 1785 Torino, Gallo-Ughetti) [?]
  • I fratelli papamosche (spr. 1785 Torino, Gallo-Ughetti) [?]
  • Le statue parlante (1785 Correggio) [?]
  • Il marito disperato (1785 Napoli F) [ Il marito geloso; The punished jealousy ]
  • La donna semper al suo peggior s'appiglia (1785 Napoli N)
  • Il credulo (carn. 1786 Napoli N) [ La baronessa stramba; Il credulo deluso ]
  • Le trame deluse (1786 Napoli N) [ L'amor contrastato; Li raggiri scoperti ]
  • L'impresario in angustie (1786 Napoli N) [ The theatrical adventures ]
  • La baronessa stramba (1786 Napoli N) [rev. I matrimoni in ballo ] [ Il credulo ]
  • Gli amanti alla prova (1786 Napoli) [?]
  • L'impostore punito (1786/7 Torino C) [?]
  • Volodimiro (carn. 1787 Torino TR)
  • Il fanatico burlato (1787 Napoli Fo) [ La burla felice; The aristocratic citizen ]
  • La felicità inaspettata (3.1788 St. Petersburg E)
  • La vergine del sole (1788?? St. Petersburg E; November 6, 1789 St. Petersburg BK)
  • La scuffiara (1788) [?]
  • La Cleopatra (October 8, 1789 St. Petersburg E) [ Cleopatra e Marc'Antonio ]
  • Il matrimonio segreto (February 7, 1792 Vienna B)
  • Sophie and Dorval [rev. Il matrimonio segreto ]
  • Il matrimonio per susurro [?]
  • La calamità dei cuori (1792/3 Vienna B) [?]
  • Contrattempi (1793 Bonn) [?]
  • Amor rende sagace (April 1, 1793 Vienna B)
  • I traci amanti (June 19, 1793 Napoli N) [ Il padre alla moda, ossia Lo Sbarco di Mustanzir Bassà; Gli turchi amanti; Les amants turcs ]
  • Le astuzie femminili (August 26, 1794 Napoli F)
  • La pupilla astuta (1794 Napoli Fo) [?]
  • La serva innamorata (1794 Napoli F) [?]
  • Penelope (carn. 1795 Napoli Fo)
  • Le nozze in garbuglio (1795 Messina)
  • L'impegno superato (1795 Napoli Fo)
  • La finta ammalata (1796 Lisboa)
  • I nemici generosi (carn. 1796 Roma V) [ Il duello per complimento ]
  • Gli Orazi ed i Curiazi (carn. 1797 Venezia F)
  • La morte di Assalonne (? Firenze, Oratorio) [rev. Gli Orazi ed i Curiazi ]
  • Achille all'assedio di Troy (carn. 1797 Roma A)
  • L'imprudente fortunato (carn. 1797 Roma V)
  • Artemisia regina di Caria (sum. 1797 Napoli SC)
  • Attilio Regolo (carn. 1797 Reggio) [?]
  • Le nozze di Lauretta (1797? Torino) [?]
  • L'apprensivo raggirato (1798 Napoli F)
  • Il secreto (aut. 1798 Torino C)
  • Semiramide (1799 Napoli F) [?]
  • Il conte di bell'amore [?]
  • L'arte contro l'arte (carn. 1800 Alexandria) [?]
  • Artemisia (carn. 1801 Venezia F)
  • Il nuovo podestà (spr. 1802 Bologna) [?]
  • Tito Vespasiano (1821 Lisboa) [?]
  • La discordia fortunata [?]
  • L'ajo nell'imbarazzo [?]
  • Le donne vendicate [?]
  • Il cavalier del dente [?]
  • La Molinara (inc) [?]

Digital copies

  1. ↑ L'italiana in Londra. Libretto digitized at Google Books. Digitized in the Internet Culturale portal.
  2. ↑ Villana riconosciuta. Digitized in the Internet Culturale portal.
  3. ↑ Fanatico burlato. Digitized in the Internet Culturale portal.
  4. ↑ Cleopatra. Digitized in the Internet Culturale portal.

Others

The Domenico Cimarosa pumped storage power plant was named after Cimarosa .

literature

Web links

Commons : Domenico Cimarosa  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The uncle from Amsterdam. A comic opera in two acts. According to the Italian: il pittore parigino freely arranged and subordinated to the music of Cimarosa. Performed by the Seconda'schen Gesellschaft in Leipzig and Dresden. Riga and Mitau 1796, with Wilhelm Christian Andreas Müller. ( Digitized version )
  2. ↑ Audio sample: "Vedrete un ciglio nero" ; the complete work .
personal data
SURNAME Cimarosa, Domenico
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian classical music composer
DATE OF BIRTH December 17, 1749
PLACE OF BIRTH Aversa
DATE OF DEATH January 11, 1801
Place of death Venice