Alessandro nell'Indie

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Work data
Title: Alessandro nell'Indie
Third act, scene XII. "Ferma. È tempo di morte, e non d'amori. "

Third act, scene XII.
"Ferma. È tempo di morte, e non d'amori. "

Shape: Opera seria
Original language: Italian
Music: First setting by Leonardo Vinci
Libretto : Pietro Metastasio
Premiere: January 2, 1730
Place of premiere: Rome
Place and time of the action: India , on the banks of the Hydaspes , on one side of which is the field camp of Alessandro and on the other side the castle of Cleofide, 326 BC. Chr.
people
  • Alessandro il Grande ( Alexander the Great ), King of Macedon
  • Poro ( Poros ), Indian king of the Paurava , in love with Cleofide
  • Cleofide ( Kleophis ), Indian queen of the Assakeans , in love with Poro
  • Erissena , Poro's sister
  • Gandarte , Poro's friend and general, in love with Erissena
  • Timagene ( Koinos ), Alessandro's general and secret opponent
  • Court of Justice, officers, soldiers, guards

Alessandro nell'Indie is an opera - libretto , a dramma per musica in three acts by Pietro Metastasio . It has been set to music by numerous composers. The first setting by Leonardo Vinci was premiered on January 2, 1730 in Rome.

A German translation of the libretto by Johann Anton Koch appeared in 1771 under the name Alexander in India in the third volume of his unfinished complete edition Des Herr Abbot Peter Metastasio Kayserl. Royal Court Poet's Dramatic Poems. He published the translation of another libretto version in 1776 under the name Alexander, modified in the eighth volume.

action

The libretto is about the Indian campaign of the Macedonian king Alexander the Great, named here Alessandro, and his conquest of the principality of Paurava under King Poros in 326 BC. Through the battle of the Hydaspes . After his victory, the two kings were reconciled and Alexander left Porus in his reign.

“Alexander the Great had conquered King Porus, who ruled over part of India, in various field battles, and finally captured him, but was generous enough to give him back his freedom and his lands. This grosmuth of the Macedonian hero constitutes the main subject of the contemporary singing game. The tricks of Cleofide are used for subplots, who, as queen of another part of India, loved Porus, but at the same time also knew how to take Alexander so that he left her in peaceful possession of her crown and her lands.

The action begins with the second defeat of Porus.

The scene is on the banks of the Hydaspes river, on one side of which you can see Alexander's camp and on the other the Cleofide's residence. "

- Pietro Metastasio : Foreword from the libretto of the setting by Carl Heinrich Graun, Berlin 1784

The following table of contents is based on the libretto of the setting by Carl Heinrich Graun.

first act

The Indian camp devastated after the defeat of Poros

At the end of the overture, warlike music and the din of guns can be heard. While the curtain is opening, the Indian soldiers can be seen fleeing from Alessandro's troops. The Indian king Poro tries to stop the fleeing people. Failing to do this, he tries to kill himself. However, he is prevented from doing so by his general Gandarte, who reminds him of his lover Cleofide, the queen of another part of India. However, Poro believes that she has since entered into a relationship with Alessandro. In order to protect his king, Gandarte offers an exchange of clothes, and from now on Poro appear under the name Asbite and Gandarte as Poro. (Aria Gandarte: “È prezzo leggiero”.) A little later, Asbite / Poro is arrested by Alessandro's general Timagene after a short fight. Alessandro arrives and orders not to shed unnecessary blood. Timagene goes to pass the order to the soldiers. After Asbite / Poro introduced Alessandro as a friend of Poros, Alessandro releases him and gives him the task of telling Poro that he only has to submit in order to restore peace. He also gives him his own sword as a gift. Poro accepts this, but swears Alessandro to use it against himself. (Aria Poro: “Vedrai con tuo periglio”.) He moves away.

Timagene arrives with the tied up Erissena, Poro's sister, who was given to him by two Indians. Alessandro is appalled by this act. He orders the two traitors to be tied up and handed over to Poro. He releases Erissena immediately, despite Timagene's advice to the contrary. (Aria Alessandro: “Vil trofeo d'un Alma imbelle”.) After Alessandro leaves, Erissena tells Timagene how impressed she is with Alessandro. Timagene, who himself has his eye on Erissena, becomes jealous. (Aria Erissena: "Chi vive amante, sai, ehe delira".)

A place surrounded by shady trees

Poro sarcastically reports to Cleofide, who he thinks is Alessandro's lover, of Alessandro's victory. Now nothing stands in the way of their relationship. Cleofide, however, assures him of her continued love and begs him to trust her. He believes her and swears never to be jealous again. (Aria Poro: “Se mai più farò geloso”.) When Cleofide asks Erissena, who has just arrived, whether Alessandro had spoken of her, his jealousy is immediately stirred again. Cleofide makes his way to Alessandro's warehouse. (Aria Cleofide: “Se mai turbo il tuo riposo”.) Although Erissena advises Poro to trust Cleofide, he wants to follow her. Gandarte is added. He has noticed that Timagene is an enemy of Alessandro and therefore still has hope of a victory. He, too, advises Poro against following Cleofide. Poro goes anyway. When Erissena Gandarte raves about Alessandro, he points out that Poro had already promised her to him (Gandarte). (Aria Erissena: "Compagni nell 'amore".)

Large open tent with two chairs overlooking the Alessandros camp and on the other side of the Hydaspes the Cleofides residence

Cleofide crossed the Hydaspes by ship with some Indians to bring gifts or tribute to Alessandro. Alessandro rejects them because he does not accept gifts from friends and only demands loyalty from vassals. Timagene reports the arrival of Asbites / Poros, who wants to speak to him in the presence of Cleofides. Asbite / Poro declares that Poro does not yet consider itself overcome and reject the peace offer. Cleofide tries to appease Alessandro and invites him to her residence to find out Poro's true intentions. Asbite misunderstood Poro. However, Asbite assures that he knows Poro's intentions better and warns Alessandro about Cleofide, who once loved Poro and has now become unfaithful to him. To punish Poro for his renewed jealousy, Cleofide now declares her love to Alessandro. Alessandro promises her his friendship, but not his heart. (Aria Alessandro: "Se amore a questo petto".) He leaves. Poro makes up with Cleofide. (Duet Cleofide / Poro: "Se mai turbo il tuo riposo" / "Se mai più farò geloso".)

Second act

Cabinet in Cleofides Palace

Poro and Gandarte plan an ambush at the bridge over the Hydaspes. They count on the support of Timagenes. When Erissena reports the arrival of Alessandro, Poro thinks again of Cleofide's alleged infidelity. Gandarte advises him to forget them and goes away. (Aria Gandarte: “Quando tu miri un fior”.) Although Erissena would like to see Alessandro again, Poro sends her away. He resolves to avoid Cleofide and looks forward to his impending victory over Alessandro.

Wide landscape with the Hydaspes, over which a bridge leads; on the other bank of the river the camp of the Greeks

To the accompaniment of warlike music, Alessandro and Timagene cross the bridge with part of the army. Cleofide and her entourage meet him and greet him amicably. The greeting is interrupted by the noise of guns when Poro and his troops attack. Alessandro and Timagene rush to the bridge.

The attack was repulsed by Alessandro. Cleofide stops the fleeing Poro and begs him not to leave her. But only when she threatens to throw herself into the river and finally promises him marriage does he give in. (Duet Cleofide / Poro: “Sommi Dei se giusti siete”.) Alessandro approached from one side and Timagene from the other. In his distress, Poro draws his dagger to kill her and himself. Alessandro snatches it from him. To justify himself, Asbite / Poro wants to reveal his true identity to him. However, it is interrupted by the arrival of Timagenes. Timagene reports that the soldiers blamed Cleofide for the ambush and demanded her blood. Since Asbite / Poro takes the blame, Alessandro arrests him and hands him over to Timagene. Cleofide asks Alessandro in vain for his release. (Aria Alessandro: "D'un barbaro scortese".) Alessandro leaves. Timagene sends Cleofide to their palace, and Cleofide asks him to tell Poro that he should stand firm. (Aria Cleofide: "Digli ch'io son fedele".)

Timagene hands Asbite (Poro) a letter assuring him that he was not to blame for the failure of the attack. (Aria Poro: "Destrier che all 'armi usato".) Poro leaves. Timagene hopes his intrigues against Alessandro will eventually succeed. (Aria Timagene: "È ver che all 'amo intorno".)

Room in Cleofides Palace

Cleofide tells Gandarte that Poro intended to kill her out of love. Alessandro arrives and Gandarte hides. Alessandro tells Cleofide that he has not succeeded in tempering the anger of his soldiers against them. Cleofide is ready to die a martyr. To save her, Alessandro offers to marry her. Since Cleofide does not want this, Gandarte, still disguised as Poro, comes out of his hiding place and offers himself as a sacrifice to save Cleofide. Alessandro is so impressed by this generosity that he hands him Cleofide and promises to release Asbite as well. (Aria Alessandro: "S'è ver, che t'accendi".) He leaves. Erissena comes and reports that Poro has thrown himself into the Hydaspes and is dead. You just found out from Timagene. Erissena advises the desperate Cleofid to flee. (Aria Cleofide: "Il Regno il Consorte".)

Third act

Covered colonnade in the palace garden

Erissena meets Poro, who is believed dead. The news of death had only been distributed by Timagene to protect him after he was released. Poro now plans to ambush Alessandro in the garden to kill him. Timagene is supposed to lure him there. To prove that Timagene is on her side, he gives her his letter. After Poro leaves, Cleofide comes and complains about her worries. Alessandro also joins them. He tries to persuade Cleofide to flee. However, she would now rather accept his offer of marriage. Alessandro asks her to wait for him at the temple and leaves. Erissena is amazed that Cleofide calmed down so quickly. But Cleofide replies that she shouldn't believe the appearance so quickly. (Aria Cleofide: “Se troppo crede al ciglio”.) Cleofide goes.

Alessandro returns with two guards and tells Erissena that Timagene has uncovered a planned attack. Erissena believes that Timagene betrayed her and gives Alessandro Timagene's letter as proof of her own innocence. Alessandro actually had his army resisting his wedding plan in mind, but Timagene's betrayal has now been exposed. Alessandro sends Erissena away to think.

Alessandro asks Timagene how he would behave if betrayed by a friend. When Timagene replies that forbearance is out of place in this case, Alessandro shows him the treacherous letter. Timagene begs for mercy. Alessandro is ready to forgive him if he is loyal in the future. (Aria Alessandro: “Serbati a grandi imprese”.) He goes.

Asbite (Poro) arrives to speak to Timagene about the new ambush. Timagene doesn't want to have anything to do with it now. (Aria Timagene: “Finchè rimango in vita”.) He leaves, and Gandarte and Erissena come to Poro. Erissena tells him about Cleofides' upcoming wedding to Alessandro. (Aria Poro: "Dov'è? S'affretti".) Poro leaves. Erissena asks Gandarte to help Poro. (Aria Gandarte: “Mio ben ricordati”.) Erissena is concerned. (Aria Erissena: "Son confusa pastorella".)

Temple dedicated to Bacchus; in the middle a pyre that is set on fire

Enter Alessandro and Cleofide with their entourage. A few bacchants and temple priests walk in front of them with burning torches. Poro observes the scene from a distance. When Alessandro shakes hands with Cleofide, she explains that this is the hour of her death, not her wedding. According to local custom, a widow must follow her husband into death. She wants to rush to the burning pyre, but is held back by Alessandro. Timagene brings Gandarte, whom he still takes to be Poro, as a prisoner. Cleofide makes another attempt to get to the stake. Poro cannot see this. He steps forward, reveals himself and asks her forgiveness. He is ready to take any punishment from Alessandro. However, Alessandro forgives everyone and gives Poro his kingdom, his wife and freedom. In return, Poro rewards Gandarte's steadfastness with the hand of his sister Erissena, and Alessandro gives him the previously conquered land on the other side of the Ganges as a gift. The choir ends the opera with praise for Alessandro's fame. (Choir: "Serva ad Eroe sì grande".)

history

The story of the encounter between Alexander the Great and the Indian King Porus and the Battle of the Hydaspes has come down to us in several historical sources. These include in particular the fifth book of the Anabasis by the Alexander historian Arrian , Justin's excerpt from the twelfth book of Pompeius Trogus ' Historiae Philippicae and the chapter Alexander - Caesar from the Vitae parallelae ("parallel life descriptions") of Plutarch .

In addition to these historical models, Metastasio was also able to fall back on some more recent sources. These include the play Porus ou La générosité d'Alexandre by Claude Boyer , published in 1648, and Jean Racine's tragicomedy Alexandre le grand from 1665. In both cases, as in Metastasio, the actual plot is overlaid by confusions of love. There are even more similarities with Domenico David's L'amante eroe from 1691, which was performed in Venice with music by Marc'Antonio Ziani . David had already provided the template for Metastasio's first libretto Siface re di Numidia from 1723.

Alessandro nell'Indie turned out to be Metastasio's most popular work after Artaserse . These two operas also have in common that their premieres took place in settings by Leonardo Vinci during the carnival season in Rome. Important settings come from Johann Adolph Hasse (performed under the name Cleofide in Dresden in 1731), Luigi Gatti (Milan 1768) and Giovanni Pacini (Naples 1824). Georg Friedrich Handel's version, released as Poro in London in 1731 , was particularly admired. Here the castrato Senesino sang the main role. It was then performed at least 27 times at the Hamburg Gänsemarkt Opera under the title Triumph der Grossmuth und Treue, or CLEOFIDA, Queen of India with a German translation of the recitatives by Christoph Gottlieb Wend . Metastasio created an abridged new version of the libretto in 1753 for Farinelli (Carlo Broschi) who was a friend of his castrato singer .

The libretto offers a typical example of the hierarchy of roles in an opera around 1730. At the top is the ruler, here the conqueror Alessandro. This is countered by the first lovers Cleofide and Poro. A second pair of lovers - Erissena and Gandarte - and the traitor Timagene are subordinate to these figures. Each person embodies a different typical trait. The magnanimous Alessandro is opposed to the betraying Timagene, and the couples also complement each other through their contradicting main characteristics: the jealous Poro connects with the faithful Cleofide, the reliable Gandarte with the flirtatious Erissena.

Settings

The following composers used this libretto for an opera:

year composer premiere Performance location Remarks
1729 Leonardo Vinci 2nd January 1730, Teatro delle Dame Rome also Carnival 1731 in the Teatro San Sebastiano in Livorno ( pasticcio ); Carnival 1732 in the Teatro Moderno in Reggio nell'Emilia; on January 29, 1732 at the Teatro Cocomero in Florence (pasticcio); Carnival 1733 in the Teatro dell'Accademia degli Erranti in Brescia; revised Carnival 1734 in the Teatro Pascolini in Urbino; revised Carnival 1735 in the court theater in Munich (with music by Johann Adolph Hasse and probably Giovanni Battista Ferrandini ); revised Carnival 1736 in the Teatro Ducale in Parma; 1740 in the theater in Lucca
1731 Luca Antonio Predieri Carnival 1731, Teatro Regio Ducale Milan
1731 Nicola Antonio Porpora Carnival 1731, Teatro Regio Turin as Poro ; Carlo Broschi gen. Farinelli , Faustina Bordoni , Anna Girò , Angelo Amorevoli and Bass Montagnana sang
1731 George Frideric Handel
→ Poro 		February 2, 1731, King's Theater on Haymarket London as Poro, re dell'Indie with English translation by Humphreys; 1732 in Hamburg as Triumph der Grossmuth und Treue, or CLEOFIDA, Queen of India with a German translation of the recitatives by Christoph Gottlieb Wend and recitatives by Georg Philipp Telemann ; at the summer mass of 1732 in the court theater in Braunschweig as Poro ed Alessandro ; Revised with music by Giovanni Alberto Ristori and Leonardo Vinci on December 8, 1736 in Covent Garden , London Georg Friedrich Händel - Poro - Cleofida - titlepage of the libretto - Hamburg 1732.jpg
1731 Johann Adolph Hasse September 13, 1731, court theater Dresden Libretto arranged by Michelangelo Boccardi as Cleophis or Cleofide ;
revised several times; also played under the original title Alessandro nell'Indie ; 1737 in Ferrara in an arrangement by Antonio Vivaldi ; further performances until 1777 in Venice, Naples, Graz, Venice, Klagenfurt, Verona, Bratislava, Florence, Lucca and Berlin 		Johann Adolph Hasse - Cleofide - titlepage of the libretto - Dresden 1731.jpg
1732 Francesco Mancini Carnival 1732, Teatro San Bartolomeo Naples
1732 Giovanni Battista Pescetti January 30, 1732, Teatro Sant'Angelo Venice Giovanni Battista Pescetti - Alessandro nell Indie - titlepage of the libretto - Venice 1732.jpg
1733 Antonio Bioni Carnival 1733, Theater im Ballhaus Wroclaw
1734 Gaetano Maria Schiassi February 20, 1734, Teatro Formagliari Bologna also in 1736 at the Academia da Trindade in Lisbon
1734 Matteo Lucchini Autumn 1734, Nuovo Teatro della Città Piccola Prague
1736 Egidio Duni Carnival 1736, Teatro Pubblico Prato Duni's authorship doubtful
1736 Domenico Sarro November 4, 1736, Teatro San Bartolomeo Naples with prologue La Pubblica Fedeltà, la Gloria dei Principi, la Vittoria, la Buona Fama (composer not confirmed);
also Carnival 1743 in the Teatro San Carlo in Naples
1738 Baldassare Galuppi Carnival 1738, Teatro Regio Ducale Nuovo Mantua first version; also in Stuttgart in 1752 and in Munich in 1755
1738 Francesco Corselli May 9, 1738, Real Teatro del Buen Retiro Madrid for the wedding of Charles IV of Naples with Maria Amalia of Saxony Corselli1.jpg
1739 anonymous 1739, Teatro di Piazza Vicenza further performances of anonymous settings or pasticci in Erlangen in 1741; Summer 1741 in the New Theater in Bratislava; on January 28, 1748 at the Teatro Cocomero in Florence; Autumn 1750 in the Teatro Pubblico in Sassuolo ; on April 14, 1752 at the Teatro Cocomero in Florence; on October 13, 1761 at the King's Theater on Haymarket , London; on May 21, 1786 at the Teatro degli Intrepidi in Florence
1740 Annibale Pio Fabbri January 1740, Teatro Condes Lisbon
1742 Giuseppe Ferdinando Brivio Carnival 1742, Teatro Regio Ducale Milan
1743 Francesco Antonio Uttini 1743 Genoa
1743 Niccolò Jommelli December 26th 1743, Teatro Bonacossi Ferrara first version
1744 Davide Perez Carnival 1744, Teatro Falcone Genoa first version;
also on January 23, 1752 in the Teatro Regio Ducale in Milan
1744 Carl Heinrich Graun December 21, 1744, Royal Court Opera Berlin as Alessandro e Poro ; GraunWV B: I: 10;
Listed again in 1784
1744 Christoph Willibald Gluck December 26th 1744, Teatro Regio Turin as Poro ; only the symphony, four arias and a duet have survived
1745 Pietro Chiarini Carnival 1745, Teatro Filarmonico Verona
1746 Pietro Pellegrini 1746, Novo Teatro Brescia
1747 Girolamo subscriptions July and August 1747, La Fenice Theater Ancona also in autumn 1750 at the Teatro in Lucca
1748 Georg Christoph Wagenseil July 17, 1748, Burgtheater Vienna German translation from 1969
1749 Paolo Scalabrini 1749, Det Kongelige Teater Copenhagen
1750 Giovanni Marco Rutini Carnival 1750, Theater an der Kotzen Prague
1750 Giuseppe Scolari Carnival 1750, Teatro di Piazza Vicenza also on May 23, 1759 in the Teatro Vendramin di San Salvatore in Venice
1752 Ignazio Fiorillo 1752, court theater Braunschweig
1752 Giacinto Calderara 1752, Palazzo del marchese Solerio Alessandria
1752 Gaetano Latilla around December 26th 1752, Teatro San Cassiano Venice also contains music by other composers
1753 Giuseppe Scarlatti May 12, 1753, Teatro Pubblico Reggio nell'Emilia
1754 Giuseppe Santarelli 1754 Terni
1754 Johann Friedrich Agricola Carnival 1754, Royal Court Opera Berlin as Cleofide
1754 Baldassare Galuppi January 20, 1754, Teatro San Carlo Naples second version
1755 Baldassare Galuppi Carnival 1755 Parma third version;
also Ascension 1755 in the Teatro San Samuele in Venice; revised on October 12, 1755 in Munich; further performances in the following years in Brescia, Lodi, Florence, Vicenza and Padua.
1755 Davide Perez March 31, 1755, Ópera do Tejo Lisbon second version, for the opening of the opera house;
also in Cádiz in 1764
1755 Francesco Araja 18.-29. December 1755, Hermitage Theater St. Petersburg also in Oranienbaum in 1759 Francesco Araja - Alessandro nell Indie - titlepage of the libretto - St. Petersburg 1755.jpg
1758 Niccolò Piccinni January 21, 1758, Teatro Argentina Rome first version;
also in the summer of 1762 at the Teatro di Santa Cecilia in Palermo
1759 Ignaz Holzbauer Carnival 1759, Teatro Regio Ducale Milan
1760 Niccolò Jommelli February 11, 1760, Ducal Theater Stuttgart second version;
Revised on June 6, 1776 by João Cordeiro da Silva in Lisbon
1761 Daniel Dal Barba Carnival 1761, Teatro Filarmonico Verona
1761 Giuseppe Sarti Autumn 1761, Det Kongelige Teater Copenhagen first version;
Revised in June 1766 at the Nuovo Teatro in Padua
1761 Gioacchino Cocchi October 13, 1761, King's Theater on Haymarket London
1762 Johann Christian Bach January 20, 1762, Teatro San Carlo Naples also Carnival 1778 in the Teatro in Lodi
1762 Tommaso Traetta April 29, 1762, Teatro Pubblico Reggio nell'Emilia
1763 Giovan Gualberto Brunetti Carnival 1763, Teatro Pubblico Pisa
1763 Antonio Sacchini Ascension Mass 1763, Teatro San Salvatore Venice first version;
also Carnival 1766 in the Teatro Regio in Turin
1764 Domenico Fischietti Carnival 1764, Theater an der Kotzen Prague
1764 Gregorio Sciroli May 31, 1764, Teatro Comunale Bologna also Carnival 1774 in the Accademia degli Intronati in Siena
1766 Gian Francesco de Majo November 5, 1766, court theater Mannheim Libretto edited by Mattia Verazi
1768 Johann Gottlieb Naumann not listed, composed for the Teatro San Benedetto Venice
1768 Luigi Gatti June 24th 1768, Teatro Regio Ducale Vecchio Mantua
1768 Antonio Sacchini Summer 1768, Teatro San Carlo Naples second version;
also Carnival 1771 in the Teatro San Sebastiano in Livorno; Carnival 1773 at the Teatro de 'Nobili in Perugia
1769 Ferdinando Bertoni Spring 1769, Falcone Theater Genoa also on December 26, 1770 in the Teatro San Benedetto in Venice
1769 Jan Antonín Koželuh Winter 1769, Royal Theater Prague
1772 Pasquale Anfossi January 7th 1772, Teatro Argentina Rome also on November 4, 1772 in the Teatro della Pergola in Florence
1773 Giovanni Paisiello December 26th 1773, Teatro di Corte Modena
1774 Niccolò Piccinni January 12th 1774, Teatro San Carlo Naples second version;
also on December 26, 1776 in the Teatro della Pergola in Florence; also on January 12, 1792 at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples
1774 Domenico Corri 3rd December 1774, King's Theater on Haymarket London Libretto edited by Giovan Gualberto Bottarelli
1775 Carlo Ignazio Monza January 28, 1775 Teatro Regio Ducale Milan also in 1776 in Alessandria
1775 Giacomo Rust Assumption 1775, Teatro San Samuele Venice
1778 Luigi Marescalchi May 27, 1778, Teatro San Benedetto Venice
1778 Michele Mortellari July 22, 1778, Accademia degli Intronati Siena also in autumn 1783 at the Teatro Pubblico in Lucca
1778 Melchiorre de Vincenti or Giuseppe de Vincenti October fair 1778, Teatro Civico Alessandria
1779 Antonio Calegari Carnival 1779, Teatro Filarmonico Verona
1781 Domenico Cimarosa February 11, 1781, Teatro Argentina Rome
1784 Luigi Cherubini April 1784, Teatro Regio Ducale Nuovo Mantua two acts;
also Carnival 1786 in the Teatro della Nobile Associazione in Cremona; Autumn 1788 in the Teatro degli Armeni in Livorno
1785 Vincenzo Chiavacci 1785, Teatro Sant'Agostino Genoa
1785 Francesco Bianchi January 28th 1785, Teatro San Benedetto Venice further performances until 1795 in Trieste, Eszterháza, Verona, Bologna, Bergamo, Venice and Udine
1787 Luigi Caruso Carnival 1787, Teatro delle Dame Rome also Carnival 1791 in the Teatro San Samuele in Venice; 1796 in the Teatro di San Giacomo in Corfu; on June 24, 1800 at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples
1787 Giuseppe Sarti Winter 1787, Teatro di Santa Cecilia Palermo second version
1788 Angelo Tarchi Carnival 1788, Teatro alla Scala Milan also in 1789 at the King's Theater on Haymarket in London; Summer 1791 revised by Carlo Francesco Badini as La generosità di Alessandro in Siena; Autumn 1791 in Livorno; further version on January 20, 1798 in the Teatro Regio in Turin; January 1802 in the Teatro della Pergola in Florence
1789 Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi November 4, 1789, Teatro San Carlo Naples
1800 Francesco Gnecco 1800, Teatro degli Avvalorati Livorno
1811 Peter Ritter December 26, 1811, Court and National Theater Mannheim great heroic opera in 2 acts, libretto freely edited by Georg Christian Römer as Alexander in India (The Macedonians on the Indus)
1824 Giovanni Pacini September 29, 1824, Teatro San Carlo Naples Libretto edited by Giovanni Schmidt ;
also on December 26, 1826 in the Teatro alla Scala in Milan; 1827 at the Teatro Carolino in Palermo; on January 19, 1828 at the La Fenice Theater in Venice

Recordings and performances in recent times

Web links

Commons : Alessandro nell'Indie  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Alessandro nell'Indie  - Sources and full texts (Italian)

Digital copies

  1. ^ Johann Anton Koch: The abbot Peter Metastasio Kayserl. Royal Court Poet's Dramatic Poems, translated from Italian. Third volume. Krauss, Frankfurt and Leipzig in 1771 as digitization at the Munich digitization center .
  2. ^ Johann Anton Koch: The abbot Peter Metastasio Kayserl. Royal Court Poet's Dramatic Poems, translated from Italian. Eighth volume. Krauss, Frankfurt and Leipzig in 1776 as digitization at the Munich digitization center .
  3. ↑ a b c Libretto (Italian / German) of the setting by Carl Heinrich Graun, Berlin 1784 as a digitized version at the Berlin State Library .
  4. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Leonardo Vinci, Rome 1730 as a digitized version in the Internet Archive .
  5. ↑ Score of the opera by Leonardo Vinci as digitized version with the International Music Score Library Project .
  6. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Luca Antonio Predieri, Milan 1731 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  7. ^ Libretto (Italian / English) of the opera by Georg Friedrich Händel, London 1731 as a digitized version in the Internet Archive .
  8. ^ Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera by Georg Friedrich Händel, Braunschweig 1732 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
  9. ↑ Libretto (German) of the setting by Georg Friedrich Händel, Hamburg 1732 as a digital copy at the Berlin State Library .
  10. ↑ Score of the setting by Georg Friedrich Händel, London 1731 as digitized version at the Handel House Foundation .
  11. ↑ Score of the setting by Georg Friedrich Händel, edition by Friedrich Chrysander, Leipzig 1880 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
  12. ^ Libretto (Italian / French) of the setting by Johann Adolph Hasse, Dresden 1731 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
  13. ^ Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera by Johann Adolf Hasse, Klagenfurt 1739. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  14. ↑ Score of the setting by Johann Adolph Hasse as digitized version at the Dresden State and University Library .
  15. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the setting by Francesco Mancini, Naples 1732 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
  16. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the setting by Giovanni Battista Pescetti, Venice 1732 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
  17. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Gaetano Maria Schiassi, Bologna 1734 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  18. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Baldassare Galuppi, Mantua 1738 as a digital copy in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  19. ^ Libretto (Italian / Spanish) of the opera by Francesco Corselli, Madrid 1738 as a digitized version on Google Books .
  20. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by anonymous, Vicenza 1739. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  21. ↑ Libretto (Italian / German) of the anonymous opera, Erlangen 1741 as digitized version at the University Library Erlangen-Nürnberg .
  22. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by anonymous, Sassuolo 1750. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  23. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giuseppe Ferdinando Brivio, Milan 1742. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  24. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Niccolò Jommelli, Ferrara 1744 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  25. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Davide Perez, Milan 1752 as a digitized version in the Internet Archive .
  26. ↑ Score of the opera by Carl Heinrich Graun as digitized version in the International Music Score Library Project .
  27. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Pietro Pellegrini, Brescia 1746. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  28. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Girolamo Abos, Ancona 1747 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  29. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giuseppe Scolari, Venice 1759. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  30. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Gaetano Latilla, Venice 1753. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  31. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giuseppe Scarlatti, Reggio 1753. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  32. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Baldassare Galuppi, Parma 1755 as a digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna.
  33. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by David Perez, Lisbon 1755. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  34. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the setting by Francesco Araja, St. Petersburg 1755 as digitized version at the Göttingen Digitization Center .
  35. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Ignaz Holzbauer, Milan 1759. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  36. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Niccolò Jommelli, Lisbon 1776. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  37. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Tommaso Traetta, Reggio nell'Emilia 1762. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  38. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio Sacchini, Venice 1763. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  39. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Gregorio Sciroli, Bologna 1764 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  40. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Ferdinando Bertoni, Venice 1771. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  41. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Pasquale Anfossi, Rome 1772 as a digitized version of the Library of Congress .
  42. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Niccolò Piccinni, Naples 1774. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  43. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Carlo Monza, Milan 1775. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  44. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giacomo Rust, Venice 1775 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  45. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Luigi Cherubini, Cremona 1786. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  46. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Francesco Bianchi, Venice 1785. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  47. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giuseppe Sarti, Palermo 1787 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  48. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the setting by Angelo Tarchi, Turin 1798 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
  49. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi, Naples 1789 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  50. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giovanni Pacini, Naples 1824 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Don Neville:  Alessandro nell'Indie. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
  2. ^ Bernd Baselt: Thematic-systematic directory. Stage works. In: Walter Eisen (Hrsg.): Handel manual: Volume 1. Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1978, ISBN 3-7618-0610-8 (Unchanged reprint, Kassel 2008, ISBN 3-7618-0610-8 ), p 353 f.
  3. ↑ Karin Zauft: program booklet Handel: Poro. State Theater Halle / S. 1981.
  4. ^ Silke Leopold: Handel. The operas. Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel 2009, ISBN 978-3-7618-1991-3 , p. 60 ff.
  5. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Leonardo Vinci) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  6. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Leonardo Vinci) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  7. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Luca Antonio Predieri) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  8. ↑ Poro (Nicola Porpora) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  9. ↑ Poro, re dell'Indie (Georg Friedrich Händel) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  10. ↑ Jonathan Keates: Handel: The Man & His Music , p. 179 ( online at Google Books).
  11. ↑ a b c d e Poro (Georg Friedrich Haendel) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  12. ^ Cleofide (Johann Adolf Hasse) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  13. ↑ a b c d Cleofide (Johann Adolf Hasse) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  14. ^ Reinhard Strohm : The Operas of Antonio Vivaldi. Leo S. Olschki, Florenz 2008, ISBN 978-88-222-5682-9 , Volume II, p. 596 ff.
  15. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Francesco Mancini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  16. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Francesco Mancini) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  17. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giovanni Battista Pescetti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  18. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giovanni Pattista Pescetti) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  19. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Antonio Bioni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  20. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Gaetano Maria Schiassi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  21. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Matteo Lucchini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  22. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Egidio Romualdo Duni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  23. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Domenico Natale Sarro) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  24. ↑ List of stage works by Domenico Natale Sarri based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on January 23, 2015.
  25. ↑ a b c Alessandro nell'Indie (Baldassare Galuppi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  26. ↑ a b c List of stage works by Baldassare Galuppi based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on January 23, 2015.
  27. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Francesco Courcelle) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  28. ^ List of the stage works by Francesco Corselli based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on January 23, 2015.
  29. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  30. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie [FI 1752] (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  31. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  32. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Annibale Pio Fabbri) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  33. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giuseppe Ferdinando Brivio) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  34. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Francesco Antonio Baldassare Uttini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  35. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie [1a ver.] (Niccolò Jommelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  36. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (David Perez) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  37. ↑ a b List of stage works by Davide Peréz based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on January 23, 2015.
  38. ↑ Alessandro e Poro (Carl Heinrich Graun) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  39. ↑ Poro (Christoph Willibald Gluck) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  40. ^ List of stage works by Christoph Willibald Gluck based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on January 20, 2015.
  41. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Pietro Chiarini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  42. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Pietro Pellegrini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on September 30, 2014.
  43. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Girolamo Abos) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  44. ↑ List of stage works by Georg Christoph Wagenseil based on MGG from Operone, accessed on January 23, 2015.
  45. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Paolo Scalabrini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  46. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giovanni Marco Rutini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  47. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giovanni Marco Rutini) at opening night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed September 30, 2014.
  48. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giuseppe Scolari) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on September 30, 2014.
  49. ^ List of the stage works by Ignazio Fiorillo based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on January 23, 2015.
  50. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Ignazio Fiorillo) at opening night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed September 30, 2014.
  51. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giacinto Calderara) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  52. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giacinto Calderara) at opening night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed September 30, 2014.
  53. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Gaetano Latilla) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  54. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giuseppe Scarlatti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  55. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giuseppe Santarelli) at opening night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed September 30, 2014.
  56. ↑ Cleofide (Johann Friedrich Agricola) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  57. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (David Perez [2a ver.]) In the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  58. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Francesco Araja) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  59. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Niccolò Piccinni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  60. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Ignaz Holzbauer) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  61. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie [2a ver.] (Niccolò Jommelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  62. ^ Don Neville:  Metastasio [Trapassi], Pietro (Antonio Domenico Bonaventura). In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
  63. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Daniele Barba) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  64. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie [1a ver.] (Giuseppe Sarti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  65. ↑ List of stage works by Gioacchino Cocchii based on MGG at Operone, accessed on January 23, 2015.
  66. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Johann Christian Bach) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  67. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Tommaso Traetta) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  68. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giovan Gualberto Brunetti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  69. ↑ a b Alessandro nell'Indie (Antonio Sacchini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  70. ↑ a b List of the stage works by Antonio Sacchini based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on January 23, 2015.
  71. ↑ L'Alessandro nell'Indie (Domenico Fischietti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  72. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Domenico Fischietti) at the opening night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed September 30, 2014.
  73. ↑ Alessandro nelle Indie (Gregorio Sciroli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  74. ↑ Alessandro (Gian Francesco de Majo) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 20, 2015.
  75. ↑ a b work data on Alessandro by Giovanni Francesco de Majo based on the MGG with discography at Operone, accessed on January 20, 2015.
  76. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Johann Gottlieb Naumann) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  77. ↑ List of the stage works by Johann Gottlieb Naumann based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on January 23, 2015.
  78. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Luigi Gatti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  79. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Ferdinando Bertoni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  80. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Johann Antonin Kozeluch) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  81. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Pasquale Anfossi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  82. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giovanni Paisiello) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  83. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie [2a ver.] (Niccolò Piccinni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  84. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Domenico Corri) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  85. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Carlo Monza) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  86. ^ List of stage works by Carlo Ignazio Monza based on MGG at Operone, accessed on January 23, 2015.
  87. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giacomo Rust) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  88. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Luigi Marescalchi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  89. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Michele Mortellari) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  90. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Melchiorre de Vincenti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  91. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giuseppe de Vincenti) at opening night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed September 30, 2014.
  92. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Antonio Calegari) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  93. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Domenico Cimarosa) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  94. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Luigi Cherubini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  95. ^ List of the stage works by Luigi Cherubini based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on January 23, 2015.
  96. ↑ L'Alessandro nell'Indio (Vincenzo Chiavacci) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  97. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Vincenzo Chiavacci) at the opening night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed September 30, 2014.
  98. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Francesco Bianchi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  99. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Luigi Caruso) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  100. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie [2a ver.] (Giuseppe Sarti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  101. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Angelo Tarchi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  102. ↑ List of the stage works by Angelo Tarchi based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on January 23, 2015.
  103. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  104. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Francesco Gnecco) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  105. ↑ List of Peter Ritter's stage works based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on January 23, 2015.
  106. ↑ Alexander in India (Peter Ritter) at Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed September 30, 2014.
  107. ↑ Alessandro nell'Indie (Giovanni Pacini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 23, 2015.
  108. ↑ Opera on Radio 2000 on euro-opera.de , accessed on January 24, 2015.
  109. ↑ Peter Jungblut: "Alessandro nell 'Indie" in Würzburg. Review of June 22, 2015 on BR-Klassik ( memento of June 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on September 27, 2015.
  110. ^ Pacini: Alessandro nell'Indie - David Parry. CD information from Allmusic , accessed January 24, 2015.