Florian Leopold Gassmann

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Florian Leopold Gassmann, copper engraving by Heinrich Eduard Winter

Florian Leopold Gassmann (or Gaßmann , born May 3, 1729 in Brüx , † January 21, 1774 in Vienna ) was an Austrian composer at the transition from Baroque to Classical .

Life

Bust of Florian Leopold Gassmann at the new city theater in Most

Gassmann was the son of the goldsmith Johann Heinrich Gassmann and his wife Eva Rosina Gassmann. Because of his great talent, he received lessons in singing, violin and harp from the Choir Regent Johann Woborschil from Brüx . It is possible that he also attended the Jesuit seminary in Chomutov . Because Gassmann's father was against a musical career and wanted to see his son as a spice dealer, the thirteen-year-old fled to Karlsbad , where he earned a living as a harp player. Gassmann turned down the offer of Mainz Elector Philipp Karl von Eltz-Kempenich to become a court musician. He left Carlsbad around 1742 and traveled to Venice . A priest mediated the contact to Bologna to Giovanni Battista Martini . Here Gassmann studied at Martini's Liceo Musicale di Bologna .

After studying with Martini for two years, Gassmann became the organist in a nunnery in Venice and he found support from Count Leonardo Veneri, who took him in at his house. In 1757 Gassmann composed his first opera Merope for the carnival of the Venetian Teatro San Moisè . From then on he wrote an opera every year for the carnival season in Venice until 1762. From 1757 to 1762 he was also choirmaster at the Ospedale degl'Incurabili in Venice. In 1763 Gassmann became the successor of Christoph Willibald Gluck and composer for ballets in Vienna . Joseph II was extremely friendly to him at the Viennese court . Gassmann became the emperor's chamber composer in 1764 and court music director in March 1772 .

In 1766 Gassmann met the young Antonio Salieri in Venice , whom he invited to come with him to Vienna, and whom he taught there in composition based on the textbook Gradus ad Parnassum by Johann Joseph Fux . In 1768 Florian Leopold Gassmann and Barbara Damm married. The marriage had the children Franz Michael (1769–1770), Anna Barbara (1772–1858) and Therese (1774–1837). Antonio Salieri trained both daughters to be singers. The younger daughter made herself known as a Mozart interpreter under the name Therese Rosenbaum.

In 1771 Gassmann was one of the initiators of the foundation of the Tonkünstler Society , which was to organize music events for the public in Vienna. The oratorio La Betulia liberata , composed by him and premiered on March 19, 1772, was the first performance of the society, whose task it was in particular to look after the widows and orphans of deceased members.

In 1774 Gassmann died of the long-term effects of an accident that he had suffered on his last trip to Italy. He was buried in the Montserrat cemetery on the Alsergrund . After his death Salieri became chamber composer for Emperor Joseph II and conductor of the Italian opera. The Italian composer Giuseppe Bonno took over the position of court conductor . In 1906 a street in the Vienna district of Hietzing was named after Gassmann. There is also Gassmann Street in Most.

Catalog raisonné

Operas

  • Merope , dramma per musica; Libretto: Apostolo Zeno ; WP : Venice, 1757; lost
  • Issipile , dramma per musica; Libretto: Pietro Metastasio ; WP: Venice, 1758
  • Gli uccellatori , dramma giocoso; Libretto: Carlo Goldoni ; WP: Venice, 1759 (new production of the Vienna Chamber Opera under Stefan Gottfried , 2015)
  • Filosofia, ed amore , dramma giocoso; Libretto: Carlo Goldoni; WP: Venice, January 27th 1760; lost
  • Ezio , dramma per musica; Libretto: Pietro Metastasio; WP: Florence, January 18, 1761; also in Rome 1770
  • Catone in Utica , dramma per musica; Libretto: Pietro Metastasio; WP: Venice, April 29, 1761; lost
  • Un pazzo ne fà cento , dramma giocoso; WP: Venice, autumn 1762
  • L'olimpiade , dramma per musica; Libretto: Pietro Metastasio; Premiere: Vienna, October 18, 1764
  • Il trionfo d'Amore , azione teatrale; Libretto: Pietro Metastasio; Premiere: Vienna, January 25th, 1765
  • Achille in Sciro , dramma per musica; Libretto: Pietro Metastasio; WP: Venice, Ascension 1766
  • Il viaggatore ridicolo , dramma giocoso; Libretto: Carlo Goldoni; Premiere: Vienna, May 25th 1766
  • L'amore artigiano , dramma giocoso per musica; Libretto: Carlo Goldoni; Premiere: Vienna, April 26th 1767; also listed in many other cities
  • Amore, e Psiche , opera; Libretto: Marco Coltellini ; Premiere: Vienna, October 5th, 1767
  • La notte critica , dramma giocoso per musica; Libretto: Carlo Goldoni; Premiere: Vienna, January 5th, 1768
  • L'opera seria , commedia per musica; Libretto: Ranieri de 'Calzabigi and Pietro Metastasio; WP: Vienna, 1769; More recently: 1994 from the Berlin State Opera in the Hebbeltheater and in Schwetzingen , 2012 in Hanover and 2016 in the Brussels Opera House La Monnaie / De Munt under René Jacobs .
  • La contessina , dramma giocoso per musica; Libretto: Marco Coltellini after Carlo Goldoni; WP: Mährisch-Neustadt, September 3rd, 1770; more recently: 1971 from the Neuburg Chamber Opera and 2005 from the Summer Opera Schärding
  • Don Quischott von Mancia , commedia (only third act); Libretto: Giovanni Battista Lorenzi ; WP: Vienna, 1771; the first two acts are by Giovanni Paisiello
  • Il filosofo innamorato , dramma giocoso; Libretto: Marco Coltellini after Carlo Goldoni; Premiere: Vienna, 1771
  • I Rovinati , commedia per musica; Libretto: Giovanni Antonio Gastone Boccherini ; Premiere: Vienna, January 23, 1771
  • Le pescatrici , dramma giocoso per musica; Libretto: Carlo Goldoni; Premiere: Vienna 1771
  • Gli amanti timidi , dramma per musica; Libretto: Carlo Goldoni; Premiere: Barcelona, ​​May 25th 1772
  • La casa di campagna , dramma giocoso; Libretto: Giovanni Antonio Gastone Boccherini; Premiere: Vienna, February 1773
  • Arcifanfano, rè di matti , lost
  • L'isle sonnante , only preserved as a piano reduction; doubtful

Insert arias and ensembles

  • Aria (Pierotto) to Galuppi's Il villano geloso (first act)
  • Duet (Cavalier, Grifagno) to Galuppi's Il villano geloso (first act)
  • Aria (Giannina) to Galuppi's Il villano geloso (first act)
  • Aria (Giannina) to Galuppi's Il villano geloso (second act)
  • Duet (Isabella, Pierotto) to Galuppi's Il villano geloso (third act)
  • Finale to Galuppi's Il villano geloso (third act)
  • Arias to Piccinni Le feint gemelle
  • Finale to Anfossi's Lo sposo di tre, marito di nessuna (third act)
  • Arias for Paisiellos Don Chisciotte della Mancia (1771)
  • Overture, choirs, duets and ballets to Sacchini's L'isola d'amore (1769)

Cantatas

  • Amore, e Venere (1768)
  • L'amor timido

Oratorio

Church music

  • five fairs
  • a vespers
  • eighteen pieces of proprium
  • three hymns
  • two antiphons
  • Requiem in C minor (1774) (fragment)

Instrumental music

  • about fifty symphonies
  • Divertimenti for different occupations
  • six string quartets
  • two trios for flute, violin and viola

literature

Recordings

  • The young countess / La contessina. Opera buffa in three acts after Carlo Goldoni a . a. (Contributors: J. Pichler, E. Mayer, K. Köller, B. Eisschiel, S. Ganglberger, H. Diller); Collegium Praga Aurea, Dir .: H. Dechant; Bayer Records, P 1995

Web links

Commons : Florian Leopold Gassmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Michael Lorenz: Antonio Salieri's Early Years in Vienna. 2013.
  2. ^ Michael Lorenz: Antonio Salieri's Early Years in Vienna. 2013.
  3. a b c Erich Steinhard: An old German-Bohemian sound artist. In: German work. Vol. 7, H. 12, 1908, pp. 745-750, here p. 746.
  4. a b c d e Clive Unger-Hamilton, Neil Fairbairn, Derek Walters; German arrangement: Christian Barth, Holger Fliessbach, Horst Leuchtmann, et al .: The music - 1000 years of illustrated music history . Unipart-Verlag, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-8122-0132-1 , p. 88 f .
  5. State Opera Hanover: 2012/13 season. P. 17.
  6. ^ Michael Lorenz: Antonio Salieri's Early Years in Vienna. 2013.
  7. ^ Therese Rosenbaum, entry in Austrian Biographical Lexicon