Dominican monastery Trier

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The Rococo pulpit from 1762, now in St. Antonius

The Dominican monastery in Trier (Rhineland-Palatinate) was a Dominican monastery, probably founded between 1223 and 1228, behind the Trier cathedral . In the 13th century, after the Dominican monasteries of Strasbourg and Cologne, it was temporarily the most important Dominican monastery in the Alsatian and Rhenish region. The convent also played a lasting role in the history of Trier. The monastery was located in the area between today's Dominikaner-, Wind-, Prediger-, Sichel- and Deworastraße, on which the Max-Planck-Gymnasium is located today .

After the monastery was dissolved under Napoleon, the building was completely demolished by 1900. Some of the furnishings have been preserved in other churches. Today only the name of "Dominikanerstraße", located behind the cathedral between the former monastery and the Episcopal Vicariate General, reminds of the Trier religious order.

The monastery until its dissolution in 1802

The Dominicans are the first mendicants have been (mendicants) who moved to Trier. The exact year in which they settled in the city can no longer be precisely determined. The Dominican monastery was first mentioned in a document in 1235. However, several authors suspect that the monks came to Trier as early as 1222 or 1223. The Gesta Treverorum also date their arrival to the first half of the 20s of the 13th century. However, they state that after the death of the canon and canon Ernestus (Hernestus) († 1228 at the earliest) the monks settled on the site of his cathedral curia , which he presumably bequeathed to them in his will. The date of death of the canon would then suggest that the Dominicans would at least have moved into their permanent home in 1228 at the earliest.

As the first prior of the monastery, a member of the order named Konrad von Strassburg has come down to us. A monastery was soon built, the four wings of which enclosed a rectangular courtyard; A cloister - possibly vaulted later - also belonged to the complex and was possibly overbuilt by parts of the monastery buildings. The choir of a 60-meter-long monastery church was probably completely or largely completed by 1240 at the latest; the church stood in the south of the cloister at the intersection of today's Dominikaner and Windstrasse and had a polygonal, vaulted church choir. In the same year, the remains of St. Theodulphus were found in the Trier Imperial Palace and handed over to the Dominican monastery as a relic .

The monastery apparently grew rapidly and by 1236 even became the fourth largest Dominican monastery (after the Flemish Ghent , Magdeburg and Strasbourg). On September 26, 1238, Pope Gregory IX spoke . to the Trier convent the cura monialium (pastoral care for nuns) over the convent on the Martinsberg, today's Petrisberg ; later the Trier brothers issued several certificates for the Dominican convent Marienthal in Luxembourg , which at that time belonged to the Trier district ( Sprengel ).

Three times - in 1240, 1266 and 1289 - the annual general chapters of the order, which were otherwise only held in the important monasteries of Strasbourg and Cologne, took place in Trier in the 13th century. Regarding the General Chapter of 1289, the annals of Colmar (Alsace) record:

"Seven hundred brothers are said to have come to Trier with three hundred servants, and the King of England gave them ample maintenance for three days, and he also donated their servants [presumably: the lay brothers] more than 400 marks."

Five times - already in 1236 as well as in 1248, 1249, 1266 and 1289 - the Trier convent hosted the provincial chapters during this time, the highest number among the monasteries in the Teutonia order.

Compared to other Dominican monasteries, at least in its early years there were almost no disputes between the Trier convent with other orders, between which they even mediated, or with the clergy in their city. The latter may be due, among other things, to the fact that the Trier Dominicans had little wealth.

Around the middle of the 15th century, the three-aisled nave of the monastery church was given a vault . The bones of Theodolphus, which were previously buried in the church choir, were housed in the monastery church's own Theodulphus chapel.

When the University of Trier was founded, the Dominican monastery, like the Franciscan monastery , provided one of the professors; only the Carmelite monastery provided two professors. Later some of the lecturers and students also lived in the Dominican monastery.

In 1561 the Dominican, humanist and theologian Ambrosius Pelargus (* 1493/94; † 1561), who had lived and taught in Trier since around 1539 , was buried in the monastery church .

In 1610 the library and most of the monastery went up in flames in a fire. The monastery was not rebuilt until 1715, using the building materials from the older buildings. The choir of the monastery church was rebuilt in 1753. The Rococo pulpit was created in 1762 (see entrance photo), possibly in Ferdinand Tietz's workshop . The pulpit is richly decorated with depictions of evangelists, church fathers and Dominicans.

Dissolution and demolition of the monastery and today's condition

The French occupation abolished the Dominican monastery in 1794 and expelled the Dominicans from Trier in 1802. In 1801 the monastery was converted into a men's prison. In 1812 the French tore down the monastery church and the south wing of the monastery. Some of the furnishings were brought to other churches beforehand: the eastern stalls, which were later lost unexplained, and the Theodulph Altar were brought to the Church of Our Lady . The rococo pulpit was set up in St. Antonius. Other facilities are said to have been brought to Illingen . Fragments of architecture are said to be preserved in the east apse of the Porta Nigra .

Around 1900 the remaining buildings were abandoned when the Alleenring (site of the former city walls) was redesigned in terms of urban development. Only some of the foundations remained. Buildings for the Trier Max-Planck-Gymnasium were erected on parts of the site. However, a large area remained undeveloped as a playground and sprint track. The foundations of the monastery were uncovered here in spring 2005 when a multi-purpose hall for the Max-Planck-Gymnasium and the Auguste-Viktoria-Gymnasium was built at this point ; Since the hall stands on stilts, the foundations were only slightly affected by the construction. The monastery was archaeologically proven for the first time through the excavations . After the hall was completed, the foundations were filled in again.

further reading

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Joachim Hupe, head of the 2005 excavations, quoted in the remains of a monastery under the schoolyard. Excavations on the school grounds of the AVG and MPG ( memento from February 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) Trier weekly city ​​hall newspaper from April 5, 2005, accessed on October 31, 2007
  2. ↑ a b c Elisabeth Adams: Tour of monasteries and churches outside the city walls (alternative title: Tour of northern places of worship: St. Maximin, St. Paulin, St. Martin, St. Maria ad Martyres). ( Memento from June 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) In: A city in the Middle Ages. Trier in the Middle Ages - a city guide for young and old. P. 55. (Project study on medieval Trier at the University of Trier in the winter semester 2002/03). Retrieved October 31, 2007
  3. ↑ Footnote 2 in Arnold Kühl (1922) , accessed October 31, 2007
  4. ↑ a b c d cf. References Kühl (1922)
  5. ↑ according to MGSS XVII p. 216 , quoted after and with a note according to the commentary of Kühl (1922)
  6. ^ Anne Koschate: Churches and monasteries in the city center, part II (alternative title: monasteries and churches in the city center, part II ), p. 66, and Tom Bauer: Bildung , p. 22. Both in: Eine Stadt im Mittelalter. Trier in the Middle Ages - a city guide for young and old. ( Memento from June 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Project study on medieval Trier at the University of Trier in the 2002/03 winter semester, accessed on October 31, 2007
  7. ↑ Hans-Walter Stork:  Storch, Ambrosius (Pelargus) OP. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 10, Bautz, Herzberg 1995, ISBN 3-88309-062-X , Sp. 1561-1565.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  8. ↑ Patrick Ostermann (arrangement): City of Trier. Old town. (=  Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 17.1 ). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2001, ISBN 3-88462-171-8 . , Page 112
  9. ↑ Entry on Sankt Antonius (Mitte-Gartenfeld) in the database of cultural assets in the Trier region .
  10. ^ Karl-August Heise: Neighbors of the cathedral - monasteries and artistic town planning. Festschrift Auguste-Viktoria-Gymnasium Trier: 350 Years of Education and Upbringing (accessed October 15, 2007)
  11. ↑ Helmut Schröder, Wolfgang Blankenforth: The carpenter's trade and its connection with the St. Gangolf Church. ( Memento from September 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) At: www0.fh-trier.de, accessed on October 31, 2007
  12. ↑ Remnants of the monastery under the school yard. Excavations on the school grounds of the AVG and MPG. ( Memento from February 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) Trierer Wochenblatt Rathaus-Zeitung from April 5, 2005, accessed on October 31, 2007

Coordinates: 49 ° 45 ′ 23 "  N , 6 ° 38 ′ 47.5"  E