Donacaula forficella
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Donacaula forficella |
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| ( Thunberg , 1794) |
Donacaula forficella is a butterfly from the family of Crambiden ( Crambidae ).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 23 to 34 millimeters (according to another source: 19 to 27 millimeters for the males and 26 to 33 millimeters for the females). The forewings are pale ocher in both sexes. In the apical area there is a sloping characteristic line, which can also be very weak or almost invisible. Specimens with a reduced apical line are referred to as Form uniformata Dufrane , 1946. The wing shape and the brown markings are different in males and females. The fore wings of the males are broader and have a blunt apex . The front wings of the females are elongated, sharply pointed and have a very sloping outer edge. In males with strongly developed brown markings, two small black dots are created in the disc cell. Scattered on the wing are more or less pronounced brown spots. A brown, variable subcostal line runs parallel to the Costa loader. The hind wings are white.
In the form of tripartita Dufrane , 1957, the brown longitudinal line is very broad. The form intermedia Dufrane , 1957 is characterized by almost completely dark brown fore wings, only a narrow area on the inner wing edge and a thin line on the Costa loader are yellow.
The genital armature of the males is similar to that of the other Donacaula species. The subteguminal process is comparatively long, but broad and not pointed like in Donacaula mucronella .
The corpus bursae of the females is elongated.
The caterpillars are whitish gray, have a black head and two black spots on the prothoracic shield.
Similar species
The intermedia form is very similar to Donacaula mucronella .
distribution
Donacaula forficella can be found almost everywhere in Europe. In the north it is very widespread in England, Ireland and the Channel Islands. The northern limit of distribution is reached in the south of Norway, Sweden and Finland. In the south the distribution area extends to Corsica and the north of Italy and Bulgaria. A record from Greece ( Thasos ) is probably a confusion with Donacaula niloticus , as this species occurs on the island. On the Iberian Peninsula , the species is only known from Catalonia . There is also evidence from the European part of Kazakhstan . The easternmost European record comes from Russia ( Menselinsk ) and there is also a record from Ukraine ( Tschop ). Outside Europe, the species can be found in Uzbekistan ( Tashkent ), in Siberia, Transbaikalia and in the Amur region in northeast China and in southeast Siberia ( Pompejewka ). The species is not represented in the Middle East . The species was most recently detected in North Africa (Morocco, Rabat ).
biology
The food plants of the caterpillars include flood swaths ( Glyceria fluitans ), water swaths ( Glyceria maxima ), reeds ( Phragmites australis ) and sedges ( Carex ). The caterpillars mine in the sedge stems and occasionally build quivers out of leaves with which they can float from plant to plant on the water. Settled plants can be recognized by the two withered upper leaves. The caterpillars live from May to June, they pupate in a tough tissue in the sedge. The moths can be found from May to August.
Systematics
The following synonyms are known from the literature :
- Tinea forficella Thunberg , 1794
- Tinea consortella Huebner , 1796
- Tinea lanceolella Hübner , 1810b: pl. 43, fig. 296.
- Palparia hirta Haworth , 1811
- Palparia caudea Haworth , 1811
- Palparia consorta Haworth , 1811
- Topeutis lanceolalis Huebner , 1825
- Chilo caudellus Stephens , 1834
- Schoenobius forficellus . uniformata Dufrane , 1946
- Donacaula forficella f. tripartita Dufrane , 1957
- Donacaula forficella f. intermedia Dufrane , 1957
supporting documents
- ↑ a b Patrice Leraut: Zygaenids, Pyralids 1 . In: Moths of Europe . 1st edition. Volume III. NAP Editions, 2012, ISBN 978-2-913688-15-5 , pp. 505 (English).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Barry Goater, Matthias Nuss, Wolfgang Speidel: Pyraloidea I (Crambidae, Acentropinae, Evergestinae, Heliothelinae, Schoenobiinae, Scopariinae) . In: P. Huemer, O. Karsholt, L. Lyneborg (eds.): Microlepidoptera of Europe . 1st edition. tape 4 . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2005, ISBN 87-88757-33-1 , pp. 120 (English).
- ↑ Donacaula forficella in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved September 18, 2015
- ↑ Karl Traugott Schütze: The biology of the small butterflies with special consideration of their nutrient plants and times of appearance. Handbook of Microlepidoptera. Caterpillar calendar arranged according to the illustrated German Flora by H. Wagner. Frankfurt am Main, publishing house of the International Entomological Association e. V., 1931, p. 22
- ↑ Global Information System on Pyraloidea (GlobIZ). Retrieved September 17, 2015 .
Web links
- Donacaula forficella (THUNBERG & WENNER, 1794). Lepiforum e. V .: Determination aid of the Lepiforum for the butterfly species found in Germany, Austria and Switzerland., Accessed on September 17, 2015 .