Lankwitz village church
The Protestant village church Lankwitz in today's Berlin district of Lankwitz is one of over 50 village churches in Berlin . As a three-part apse church, it was one of the oldest floor plan types and is staggered in width from a hall nave , recessed choir and semicircular apse . It was built in the third quarter of the 13th century. Field stones were used as building material . The church is a listed building . It is the oldest church in the Steglitz-Zehlendorf district and, like all apse churches (Marienfelde, Mariendorf, Tempelhof and Karow), is one of the oldest in Berlin.
history
(drawing by Heinrich Wohlers)
_DorfkircheAlt-Lankwitz.JPG)
Lankwitz was first mentioned in 1239 when the Margraves of Brandenburg Johann I and Otto III. left the village to the Spandau Benedictine Monastery of St. Marien. Soon after, probably before 1250, at the instigation of the Spandau monastery, which held the patronage until the Reformation , the construction of a typical village church made of stone blocks with a staggered floor plan, which very likely replaced a wooden church, began. The unusually long choir indicates the monastic patronage, because the members of the monastery had an increased need for choir stalls .
An extensive renovation took place in 1757.
After the Church in the Second World War in the night of 23 August 24, 1943 the Lankwitzer night of bombing by air strikes had been destroyed except for remnants of walls, it has been restored easily changed to 1956 1955th It was inaugurated on December 16, 1956 .
Building
The masonry is made of carefully hewn field stone blocks in association established. Since the cuboid layers at the transitions from the apse to the choir and the choir to the nave do not run through, but are offset in height, the apse, choir and nave components were created one after the other. The nave is unusually short, almost square. The nave, choir and apse have the same eaves height , which in Berlin can otherwise only be observed in the immediately neighboring Templar churches of Marienfelde, Mariendorf and Tempelhof. The unusual length of the choir is believed to be due to the need for additional space for the nuns.
The church shows the technology and styles of the late Romanesque period . The current entrance to the church in the west gable, which, with its round arch, corresponds to the late Romanesque period of the 13th century, is original, as shown by the stone ashlar layers that do not pass through. Other (blocked) portals are not recognizable. The cladding around the walled-up south gate ("priest gate") on the south wall of the choir can still be seen clearly.
The originally narrow windows of the church were surely as vaulted as the two arched windows in the apse, which were reopened when the interior was redesigned in 1938. Instead of the original windows, wide segmental arched windows were created in 1757, with slight lateral offsets, as shown by vertical masonry joints right next to the windows. The current mullion division of these wooden windows is laid out as it may have looked in 1757.
tower
The masonry of the west gable is almost as thick as that of the other parts of the wall. In 1757 a lattice tower was built , which was already covered with vertical formwork timber . It was originally given a curly bonnet , similar to the one on the tower of the Lichterfelde village church . This hood remained in its old form until the end of the 19th century, when it was given a stepped pyramid roof . These steps were not reinstalled when the tower was rebuilt in 1956. The new tower was one meter lower than the original and 25 centimeters narrower in depth and width. The wooden framework of the tower was replaced by a reinforced concrete framework. The top of the tower showed a knob, a wind vane and a star at the top, which was replaced by a fixed cock during the reconstruction in 1956. Usually the cock can be rotated and shows the wind direction ( weather cock ).
A bronze bell hanging in the tower weighs 160 kg, has a diameter of 62 cm and a height of 51 cm plus a crown of 13 cm. It sounds in the strike note it ′. Below a circumferential acanthus frieze there are inscriptions : in three rows CAST BY C. VOSS / IN STETTIN 1870 / NO.436, and opposite in four rows THEY MAY STILL IN LATE DAYS, / HERE, MANY PEOPLE'S EARS, / ONLY Seldom be troubled APPEAL, / AND VOTES TO THE DEATH CHOIR.
Interior
Nothing remained of the old fixtures inside. A baroque pulpit altar was removed as early as 1938. The altarpiece is now the epitaph from 1550 in memory of the mayor of Berlin, Joachim Reich, who died in 1540, with a depiction of the crucifixion. It is on loan from the Marienkirche . A chalice from 1589 and a brass-chased baptismal bowl from around 1500 have been preserved.
The interior of the church was restored from 1974 to 1977. The plaster and the unsuitable paint applied after the Second World War were removed and replaced with plaster sludge with mineral paint. The current pine wood ceiling replaced the soft fiber boards that were inserted in 1956. The apse was also re-vaulted, the temporary acoustic panel ceiling from the 1950s was removed. The organ gallery was redesigned for a new organ in the post-war period . The organ was built by Karl Schuke in 1956. Your disposition can be viewed at Orgel Databank .
literature
- Paul Hiller: Chronicle Lankwitz (= preprint . Volume No. 5/6). Word & Image Specials, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-926578-19-X , pp. 93–98.
- Dorfkirchengemeinde Lankwitz (Hrsg.): Chronicle of the village church Lankwitz. Chronicle on the occasion of the Kirchweih festival on December 3, 2006. Self-published, Berlin 2006 (PDF; 2.9 MB) ( Memento from February 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ).
- Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin (ed.): Berlin and its buildings. Part VI. Sacred buildings. Berlin 1997.
- Ernst Badstübner : Field stone churches of the Middle Ages in Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Rostock 2002
- Ernst Badstübner: Churches of the monks. Leipzig 1984.
- Matthias Hoffmann-Tauschwitz: Old Churches in Berlin. Berlin 1991.
- Günther Kühne, Elisabeth Stephani: Evangelical churches in Berlin. Berlin 1978.
- Kurt Pomplun : Berlin's old village churches. Berlin 1984.
- Hans-Jürgen Rach: The villages in Berlin. Berlin 1990.
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Band Berlin. Munich / Berlin 2006.
Web links
Notes and individual references
- ↑ Floor plan at Pomplun p. 57
- ↑ This particular building design has not yet been clarified.
- ↑ Compare the stone layers made of particularly small field stones to the right and left of the portal, which are not at the same height, i.e. not continuous, as would be expected if there was no portal originally.
- ^ Klaus-Dieter Wille: The bells of Berlin (West) - history and inventory. Berlin 1987.
- ^ Organ database
Coordinates: 52 ° 26 '20 " N , 13 ° 21' 14.7" E