Nordic dragon head

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Nordic dragon head
Nordic scorpionfish (Dracocephalum ruyschiana), illustration

Nordic scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum ruyschiana ), illustration

Systematics
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Nepetoideae
Tribe : Mentheae
Sub tribus : Nepetinae
Genre : Scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum )
Type : Nordic dragon head
Scientific name
Dracocephalum ruyschiana
L.
Nordic dragon head
The habitat

The Nordic scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum ruyschiana ), also known as mountain scorpionfish or Swedish scorpionfish , is a species of scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum ) in the mint family (Lamiaceae).

description

The Nordic scorpionfish is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of between 10 and 30 centimeters. The stem is erect or ascending and almost hairless or hairy. The leaves are not divided, sessile or almost sessile, with entire margins, linear to linear-lanceolate, usually glabrous and blunt. The leaf margin is rolled up. The lower leaves are short stalked, the upper sessile. The flower whorls consist of two to six flowers each. They stand on top of each other in a terminal, dense cluster. The bracts are oval-lanceolate and undivided. The calyx is fifteen-nerved and two-lipped. The flowers are blue to purple, rarely pink or white and up to 28 millimeters in size. The crown is lipped, bluish purple and 15 to 28 millimeters long. The upper lip is bilobed and arched like a helmet. The corolla tube is enlarged at the throat and narrow at the base. The anthers are hairy.

The flowering period extends from June to August, sometimes until September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Spread, endangerment and protection

The species occurs in warm temperate to temperate Europe and Asia up to Mongolia in subalpine and alpine grasslands and dry-warm pine and larch forests. It occurs in the Alps in companies of the Festucion variae or Erico-Pinion associations, in Eastern Europe in companies of the Cytiso-Pinion association.

The European distribution of the Nordic Scorpionfish extends in more or less large areas from the French Pyrenees in the west to Russia in the east and further from southern Scandinavia through the Baltic states to the Balkan Peninsula in the south. Occurrences in France , Switzerland , Germany , Austria , Italy , Hungary , Poland , Belarus , Ukraine , Russia, Moldova , Serbia , Romania, Lithuania , Estonia , Latvia and Sweden are listed. The stocks are considered to be critically endangered and are protected by their inclusion in Appendix I of the Bern Convention .

In the Lechtal Alps, it rises on the Greitjochspitze south of Bach up to 2260 m above sea level. The deposits in the Tyrolean part of the Allgäu Alps are between 1400 and 1700 meters above sea level.

The Nordic Scorpionfish is considered to be extinct or lost in Germany and is placed under special and strict protection both under the Federal Nature Conservation Act and the Federal Species Protection Ordinance.

In Austria, the Nordic dragon head occurs very rarely in Carinthia , Tyrol and East Tyrol . According to the Red List of Austria, it is endangered and is placed under complete nature protection.

According to the Swiss Red List, the Swiss occurrences of the Nordic Scorpionfish are endangered in some regions, but are generally at low risk and are protected by listing in Appendix 2 of the Ordinance on Nature Conservation and Homeland Protection.

Systematics

Dracocephalum ruyschiana was in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum first published . Synonyms for Dracocephalum ruyschiana are Ruyschiana ruyschiana ( L. ) House , nom. illeg., Dracocephalum alpinum Salisb. , Dracocephalum angustifolium Gilib. , nom. illeg., Dracocephalum hyssopifolium Mart. ex Steud. , Dracocephalum spicatum ( Mill. ) Dulac , Ruyschiana fasciculata Clairv. , Ruyschiana spicata Mill. And Zornia linearifolia Moench .

use

The Nordic scorpionfish is rarely used as an ornamental plant for rock gardens.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 793 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , pp. 506 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). New edited edition. Mosaik, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10558-1 , p. 202 .
  4. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  798-799 .
  5. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Dracocephalum ruyschiana. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  6. ↑ Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb . last accessed on July 1, 2011.
  7. ↑ Predrag Lazarević, Maja Lazarević, Zoran Krivošej, Vladimir Stevanović: On the distribution of Dracocephalum ruyschiana (Lamiaceae) in the Balkan Peninsula . In: Phytologia Balcanica . tape 15 , no. 2 , 2009, p. 175–179 (English, PDF file; 5.5 MB ).
  8. ↑ Dracocephalum ruyschiana L., Nordic Scorpionfish. Hazard and protection. In: FloraWeb. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, accessed on July 1, 2011 .
  9. ^ Council of Europe (ed.): Bern Convention-Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats . Appendix I with Dracocephalum ruyschiana L. Bern September 19, 1979 ( online [accessed July 1, 2011]).
  10. ↑ a b Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 405.
  11. ↑ Nordic dragon head. In: FloraWeb.de. last accessed on July 1, 2011.
  12. ↑ Protection status of wild animal and plant species, Appendix 1 (to Section 1). Federal Species Protection Ordinance of the Federal Republic of Germany (BArtSchV). In: juris. Federal Ministry of Justice, accessed on July 1, 2011 .
  13. ↑ Dracocephalum ruyschiana. In: Info Flora (the national data and information center for Swiss flora).
  14. ^ D. Moser, A. Gygax, B. Bäumler, N. Wyler, R. Palese: Red list of endangered species in Switzerland: fern and flowering plants . Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, Bern; Center of the data network of the Swiss flora, Chambésy; Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Chambésy, 2002, p. 59 ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: PDF file; 1194 kB ).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.bafu.admin.ch
  15. ↑ List of protected plants. Appendix 2. In: Ordinance on Nature Conservation and Heritage Protection SR 451.1. The federal authorities of the Swiss Confederation, accessed on July 1, 2011 (listing of Dracocephalum sp., Dragon's head).
  16. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . tape 2 . Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 595 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Nordic Scorpionfish  Album with pictures, videos and audio files