Jokhar Musayevich Dudayev

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Jokhar Musayevich Dudayev
Signature of Jokhar Dudaev

Dzhokhar Dudayev ( . Chechen Republic Дуди Муса кІант Джохар; Russian Джохар Мусаевич Дудаев * 15. February 1944 in Perwomaiskoje, Chechen-Ingush ASSR , † 21st April 1996 in Gechi-Chu) was from 27 October 1991 to his death in the first Chechen president.

Life

Memorial plaque for Dudayev in Tartu

Jokhar Dudayev was born in Chechnya. A few weeks later, his family was deported to Kazakhstan as part of the Stalinist repression against the Chechens , but were able to return to their old homeland in 1957.

Until the collapse of the Soviet Union , Dudayev served as a professional officer in the Soviet Army in a strategic bomber unit of the air forces in Siberia , Ukraine and most recently in Tartu in the Estonian SSR . In 1987 he reached the rank of major general . In 1967 he married his wife Alla , of Russian descent , with whom he had three children. In 1968 Dudayev joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . Dudayev also took part in the war in Afghanistan and fought against the Islamic mujahideen . In Estonia he developed great sympathy for Estonian nationalism. In 1990 he left the military.

In the same year Dudayev returned to his Chechen homeland in Grozny . When the August coup failed in Moscow in 1991 , the leadership elite of Checheno-Ingushetia around Doku Savgayev did not publicly distance themselves from the coup plotters . The Soviet Union collapsed within a few months of the coup. In Chechnya, Dudayev and his supporters then took over the parliament, the state media and the most important government buildings. Savgayev, loyal to Russia, was deposed.

Dudayev became President of the Chechen Republic on October 27, 1991, a result of the split in the former Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In contrast to Chechnya, Ingushetia had joined the Russian Federation. Dudayev took the oath of office on the Koran . On November 1, 1991, he unilaterally declared Chechen independence from the Russian Federation as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria . However, Chechnya was denied international recognition; only Georgia briefly recognized its independence in 1991.

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Under his leadership, the now de facto independent Chechnya plunged into a serious economic crisis and protests against his government broke out. In April 1993, he dissolved the parliament and the constitutional court in Chechnya and led the country into a state of civil war. In the same year, Russian was removed from the curriculum in Chechen schools. The Chechen language was changed from the Cyrillic to the Latin alphabet . There was an exodus of the non-Chechen population groups from Chechnya, who in 1989 made up over a third of the population. Numerous Chechens also left the country.

From February 1, 1995, there was a nationwide manhunt for him. In addition to courage and recklessness, he is also said to have a talent for black market trafficking and financial manipulation. During his reign, Grozny became a hub for dubious petroleum deals, weapons and drugs. There were several Russian-funded coup attempts against Dudayev, but all of them failed.

Together with Boris Yeltsin , he was primarily responsible for the First Chechen War from December 12, 1994 to August 20, 1996.

Dudayev was killed on April 21, 1996 when a Russian Sukhoi Su-25 rocket struck in the Chechen village of Gechi-Chu in Urus-Martan district , after the crew of a Mi-24 helicopter managed to locate its satellite telephone signal.

meaning

House number on Džohara Dudajeva gatve in Riga

After his death, Dudayev's fame rose: as a "national hero" he was elevated to the rank of Shahid by the separatists and in several former Soviet republics he is a symbol of independence from Russia. Accordingly, some streets and squares were named after him:

  • Ankara : Cahar Dudayev Meydanı (Jochar Dudayev Square)
  • Khmelnytskyi : Вулиця Джохара Дудаєва (Jokhar Dudayev Street, 2015)
  • Ivano-Frankivsk : Вулиця Джохара Дудаєва (Jokhar Dudayev Street, 1996)
  • İzmir : Cahar Dudayev Bulvarı (Jochar Dudayev Boulevard)
  • Lviv : Вулиця Джохара Дудаєва (Jokhar Dudayev Street, 1996)
  • Riga : Džohara Dudajeva gatve (Dschochar Dudajew Avenue, 1996)
  • Vilnius : Džocharo Dudajevo skveras (Jokhar Dudayev Square)
  • Warsaw : Rondo Dżochara Dudajewa (Dudajew roundabout, 2005)

During the war in Ukraine that started in 2014 , a battalion of Chechen volunteers fighting alongside the Ukrainian army was named after him.

literature

  • Karl Grobe-Hagel: Chechnya. Russia's long war . ISP, Cologne 2001, ISBN 3-929008-19-X , pp. 206-208.
  • Peter Scholl-Latour: Russia in a pinch. Putin's empire between NATO, China and Islam. P. 240 f.
  • Dschochar Dudajew , in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 27/1996 of June 24, 1996, in the Munzinger Archive ( beginning of article freely available)

Web links

Commons : Jochar Dudayev  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Rüdiger Dingemann : Westermann Lexicon hot spots of the world. Conflicts and wars since 1945 , Westermann , Braunschweig 1996, ISBN 3-07-509516-8 , p. 645.
  2. ↑ kavkaz-uzel.ru
  3. ↑ chechnyaadvocacy.org ( Memento from June 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Як у Хмельницькому Джохара Дудаєва вшановували on khm.depo.ua (Ukrainian)
  5. ↑ kyivpost.com
personal data
SURNAME Dudayev, Jokhar Musayevich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Дудаев, Джохар Мусаевич (Cyrillic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION first Chechen president
DATE OF BIRTH February 15, 1944
PLACE OF BIRTH Pervomaiskoye
DATE OF DEATH April 21, 1996
Place of death Gechi-Tschu