Scent layer mushroom relatives

Scent layer mushroom relatives
	Cystostereum murrayi
Systematics
Department :	Stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota)
Subdivision :	Agaricomycotina
Class :	Agaricomycetes
Subclass :	insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order :	Stalk porlings (Polyporales)
Family :	Scent layer mushroom relatives
Scientific name
	Cystostereaceae
	Jülich

The perfume layer mushroom relatives ( Cystostereaceae ) are a family within the order of Stielporlingsartigen (Polyporales). Their fruit bodies cover the substrate in layers or crusts. The fungi live mainly in the temperate zone and grow as saprobionts on rotting wood. The type genus of the family is Cystostereum with Cystostereum murrayi as the type species .

features

The representatives of the family form annual or persistent, effuse or pileate (hat-forming), membranous, wood-like or crust-like fruiting bodies. The hymenium is usually gray, ocher or pink in color. It can be smooth, warty, or prickly (odontioid). The hyphae is usually dimitic, and the septa are usually buckled . The hyphae are hyaline or colored, the skeletal hyphae show no incrustation . Some species have thick-walled hymenial cystids . The four-pore basidia are more or less urn-shaped or narrowly clubbed and not elongated. The smooth basidiospores are ellipsoidal to cylindrical and cannot be stained with iodine.

Ecology and diffusion

The family is particularly widespread in the northern temperate climate zone . They grow on rotting hardwood and coniferous wood and probably all have a saprobiontic way of life.

Systematics

The Cystostereaceae are traditionally placed in the order of the stem porlet relatives. According to Karl-Henrik Larsson, at least the two genera Cystidiodontia and Cystostereum belong to the mushroom-like (Agaricales). This contradicts results that show that Cystostereum belongs to the phlebioid lineage of Homobasidiomycetes.

Genera

Cystostereum murrayi the type species of the genus

Cystostereum: The genus Cystostereum is the type genus of the scent layer mushroom relatives and with currently (as of 2016) 7 species at the same time the most species-rich in the family. It is characterized by the Dimitic hyphae system and the numerous gloeocystids. It differs from Crustomyces primarily in the absence of Dendrohyphidia. The type species is Cystosterum murrayi Berk. & MA Curtis) Pouzar ( ( Thelephora murrayi Berk. & MA Curtis )

The resupinate or effuse or semi-resupinate fruiting bodies with a curved edge are persistent and cover the substrate like crusts. The hymenophore is warty to odontioid (toothed) and more or less whitish. There are no rhizomorphic or withdrawing hyphae strands. The context is harsh and has a pleasant smell. The mushrooms have thick-walled, fibrous skeletal hyphae and buckled, highly branched, hyaline generative hyphae. Gloeocystid or gloeocystidioid hyphae are numerous. The four-pore basidia are club-shaped and have a basal buckle. The ellipsoidal to cylindrical and thin-walled basidiospores are smooth and cannot be stained with iodine reagents. The mushrooms grow saprobion table on wood and produce a white rot.

Cericium: The monotypic genus is characterized by the connective hyphae and numerous cystidia with yellow incrustations. The genus Amethicium , in which the type species Cericium luteoincrustatum was previously placed, is superficially similar, but differs clearly in its purple color and the absence of cystids.

Crustomyces subabruptus the type species

Crustomyces: The fruit bodies are waxy to tough and adhere firmly to the substrate, which the fungus covers in layers. The genus is characterized by a pale hymenophore, the dimitic hyphae, gloeocystids , dendrohyphidia and smooth inamyloid spores. The way of life is saprobionic . The genus currently (as of 2016) has three species.

Cystidiodontia: Cystidiodontia differs from the genus Cystostereum by the thick-walled spores, Dendrohyphidien and dextrinoid hyphae. The genus Crustomyces is very similar on the surface, but has thin-walled spores and no dextrinoid hyphae. The genus currently (as of 2016) has three species. The type species is Cystidiodontia artocreas (Berk. & MA Curtis ex Cooke) Hjortstam (Basionym: Hydnum artocreas Berk. & Curt. Ex Cooke )

The crust-like fruiting bodies grow resupinate, the hymenophore is humped (grandinioid), odontioid or prickly (hydnoid), the hyphae system dimitic, the skeletal hyphae have no buckles. The buckle-bearing hyphae of the subhymenium are thin-walled or have slightly thickened cell walls. Gloeocystids, with yellowish content, are usually numerous. They cannot be stained with sulfobenzaldehyde . Dendrohyphidia may or may not be present in the hymenium . The small to medium-sized, four-pore basidia are almost club-shaped and more or less constricted. They have a basal buckle. The almost spherical basidiospores are moderately thick-walled and quite small at 3 to 4 × 2.5–3 µm. They are inamyloid, index trinoid, but weakly cyanophilic.

Parvobasidium: Characteristics of the genus Parvobasidium are gloeocystids, the small, club-shaped basidia and the smooth, inamyloid basidiospores. The resupinate or effuse fruiting bodies cover the substrate as a membranous coating. The hymenophore is smooth and cream-colored. The hyphae system is monomitic, the hyphae are thin-walled, hyaline and have buckles on the septa. In addition to the small, thin-walled basidia, one can find clubbed gloeocystids. The genus currently contains three species (as of 2016). The type species is Parvobasidium cretatum (Bourdot & Galzin) Jülich

Parvodontia

Physodontia: The genus is placed today in the order of the bristle disk-like (Hymenochaetales).

meaning

The representatives of the scent layer fungus relatives are not important either as harmful fungi or as edible mushrooms.

swell

J. Ginns: Genera of the North American Corticiaceae Sensu Lato . In: Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . tape 90 , no. 1 , 1998, p. 1-35 ( cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber ).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b PF. Cannon, PM. Kirk: Fungal Families of the World . CAB International, 2007, ISBN 978-0-85199-827-5 , pp. 96 ( books.google.com ).

^ Karl-Henrik Larsson: Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi . In: Elsevier BV (Ed.): Mycological Research . 111th edition. No. 9 , September 2007, p. 1040-1063 , doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.08.001 .

↑ Manfred Binder, David S. Hibbett, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Ellen Larsson, Ewald Langer and Gitta Langer: The phylogenetic distribution of resupinate forms across the major clades of mushroom-forming fungi (Homobasidiomycetes) . In: Cambridge Univ Press (Ed.): Systematics and Biodiversity . tape 3 , no. 2 , 2005, p. 113–157 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ A. Bernicchia and SP Gorjón: Fungi Europaei, Corticiaceae s. l. 12th edition. 2010, p. 251 ( mycobank.org ).
^ ^A ^b Walter Jülich: Studies in resupinate Basidiomycetes — V. Some new genera and species . In: Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi . 10th edition. No. 1 , 1978, p. 137-140 ( online ).
↑ K. Hjortstam: Studies in tropical Corticiaceae (Basidiomycetes) V Specimens from East Africa collected by L. Ryvarden . In: Mycotaxon . tape 17 , no. 2 , 1986, p. 539-567 ( cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber - see page 546).
↑ K. Hjortstam and L. Ryvarden: Some new and noteworthy fungi (Aphyllophorales, Basidiomycetes) from Iguazu, Argentina. In: Mycotaxon . tape 25 , no. 2 , 1986, p. 539-567 ( cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber - see page 546).
↑ A. Bernicchia and SP Gorjón: Fungi Europaei, Corticiaceae s. l. 12th edition. 2010, p. 452 ( mycobank.org ).
^ Walter Jülich: Studies in resupinate Basidiomycetes - III. Collective work = Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi . tape 8 , no. 3 , 1975, p. 291-305 ( cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber ).
↑ Kurt Hjortstam and Leif Ryvarden: Some new tropical genera and species of corticioid fungi (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) . In: Synopsis Fungorum . tape 18 , 2004, p. 20-32 ( mycobank.org ).

Web links

Commons : Scented Mushroom Relatives (Cystostereaceae) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[Cannon2007-1] PF. Cannon, PM. Kirk: Fungal Families of the World . CAB International, 2007, ISBN 978-0-85199-827-5 , pp. 96 ( books.google.com ).

[Larsson2007a-2] Karl-Henrik Larsson: Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi . In: Elsevier BV (Ed.): Mycological Research . 111th edition. No. 9 , September 2007, p. 1040-1063 , doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.08.001 .