Dux Fahrradwerke

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Dux Fahrradwerke
legal form
founding 1900
resolution ?
Seat Moscow
management Yuri Alexandrovich Meller
Branch Vehicle manufacturing

Dux Fahrradwerke ( Russian Завод Дукс , also: Duks ) was a Russian manufacturer of bicycles , motorcycles , automobiles and airplanes .

Company history

Duks members on the factory premises in front of an R-1 aircraft built there (1923)

Juri Alexandrowitsch Meller (also spelled Möller) founded a company for the production of bicycles in Moscow in 1900 , which carried the brand name Dux . In 1902 the production of automobiles began. Production ended in 1906 or 1907. A total of around 200 automobiles were built. In 1908 the production of motorcycles began. Around 400 motorcycles were produced by the outbreak of World War I. In 1910 or 1911 experiments with airplanes began. In the period that followed, Duks developed into one of the leading production facilities in the country's aviation industry. This is how the first Russian military airship, the Jastreb , was built here . After the production area had been expanded, French Nieuport and Farman models were manufactured under license from 1913 . The outbreak of World War I caused a strong increase in production and types from Morane-Saulnier and Voisin were added. While the annual output was 180 aircraft in 1914, it rose to 492 by 1917. Even after the October Revolution , French models continued to be built. In 1918 the Duks-Werke became the State Aircraft Plant No. 1 (Государственный авиационный завод, Gossudarstwenny awiazionny sawod), abbreviated to GAS-1. From the 1920s, the production of self-developed models such as the U-2 and the R-5 designed by Nikolai Polikarpow took place . Its developments were also built in the 1930s ( I-15 , I-16 and I-153 ). During World War II , the GAS-1 only produced military aircraft such as the IL-2 . After the end of the war, the reorientation to civilian models by Sergei Ilyushin such as the IL-12 , IL-14 and IL-18 took place . Since 1962, only Mikojan-Gurevich (MiG) types have been and are being produced ( MiG-21 , MiG-23 and MiG-29 ). 1995 MiG part of the Moscow Aviation Industry Company (Московское авиационное производственное объединение, Moskovskoye awiazionnoje proiswodytwennoje obedinenije), short MAPO, and subsequently traded under MAPO MiG .

vehicles

Automobiles

1901 automobiles and three-wheeled vehicles (designation "Tour de France") license DeDion-Bouton were manufactured. Cudell engines were installed and the engines were also sold as stationary engines.

Electric vehicles

The first models with an electric motor were created in 1902 . These were buses for hotels . The vehicles had a wheelbase of 285 cm, were 430 cm long, 190 cm wide and 270 cm high and offered space for ten passengers. The maximum speed was specified as 20 km / h and the range at 60 km.

Steam car

In 1903 Alexandr Basilewski manufactured a three-wheeled steam car . He was in contact with Dux, but the exact connection to Dux is unclear.

Gasoline truck

The only petrol-powered model was the Duxomobil . It was a license manufacture of the Oldsmobile Curved Dash . A single cylinder engine with 1940 cm³ displacement and 4 HP power provided the drive . The maximum speed was given as 35 km / h. One of these vehicles became the first motorized taxi in Moscow in 1907 .

motorcycles

A V2 engine from Moto Rêve with a displacement of 275 cc and 2 hp provided power for the motorcycles . From around 1912, the displacement was increased to 294 cm³ and the engine output to 2.5 hp. A motorcycle took part in a motorcycle veteran ride in Riga in 1985.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Kelly: Russian Motor Vehicles. The Czarist Period 1784 to 1917.
  2. Harald H. Linz, Halwart Schrader : The International Automobile Encyclopedia . United Soft Media Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-8032-9876-8 .
  3. Jürgen Vogt, Siegfried Wache: Mikojan-Gurewitsch MiG-29. Bmvd, Rinteln 2001, ISBN 3-935761-85-6 , pp. 7–9 (excerpt from the official work history of MAPO)
  4. ^ Russian DUX catalog 1901, owner Stanislav Kiriletz, Miltenberg