EW 58 (single family house)

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Drawing of an EW42, as shown in a project folder, with underground parking

The EW 58 , allegedly of Single Apartment 58 was a standard home type from the GDR for 4 to 6 residents of the prototype was the inspiration for a variety of other home types. The design was projected by VEB Landbaukombinat Karl-Marx-Stadt in Schwarzenberg and was largely based on the work of the architect Wilfried Stallknecht . Modified and in various variations, the house type was built an estimated 265,000 times and thus still shapes the appearance of many private home settlements in the area of ​​the former GDR. The government of the GDR set 75,000 marks as the maximum permissible construction price (or as a so-called cost normative) for the construction of such a building .

history

In the 1950s , as a result of the destruction of the Second World War and the influx of almost four million displaced persons in Germany, there was an acute housing shortage . In order to counter this, the GDR Council of Ministers decided in 1953 - in addition to the planned construction of multi-family houses - to also promote the construction of single-family houses . From 1978 at the latest, this took place in the form of an interest-free loan in the amount of 75% of the construction costs of the selected GDR citizens (workers and members of the intelligentsia).

In 1957, the Institut für Typung (formerly VEB Projektierung Berlin) launched a competition for standardized homes. The interior designer Wilfried Stallknecht, who was working at the institute at the time, took part and impressed with a straightforward, traditional design with a gable roof, contemporary room layout and an almost square floor plan. In 1958 this design was published for the first time in a prospectus under the name EW 58 and building owners with a building permit were able to purchase the plans together with a permit to purchase building materials.

Construction and construction

Floor plan of an EW42

The buildings are single-storey structures with a longitudinal wall design with an extended attic and a partial or complete basement, which in some versions could also include an underground car park. The houses were built using traditional brick or hollow blocks and with solid ceilings made of prefabricated reinforced concrete beams with concrete fillers of the type FB 190. In the 1970s and 1980s , gas or wood concrete was also used for the walls , depending on availability. The roof structure consists of a collar beam roof with slightly flared eaves and was treated with concrete double Romans on battens or asphalt shingle covered on a formwork and insulated with 120 mm mineral wool. For the foundations, stamped concrete of strength class BK 10 or 12.5 was used and the buildings were mostly plastered with gray scratch plaster which was applied with a crank machine.

The almost square floor plan of the building is functional. After an often individually designed vestibule, there is a vestibule with an attached hallway or guest toilet, which also includes a dining area and the stairs to the top floor and forms the center of the floor plan with access to all rooms and the basement. There is an open passage to the kitchen, in which the exit to the terrace connects. The top floor has the bedroom, bathroom and children's room, as well as access to the loft via a floor ladder in the hallway.

With a length of 8.46 m and a width of 8.90 m, the building in the most common versions EW 42 and EW 51 with its design height of 11 m (basement floor to roof top) has an enclosed space of around 605 m³. The gross area is 229.7 m² across all floors with a constructed area of ​​79.3 m². The living space was between 110 and 130 m² and the floor height was planned to be around 2.75 m.

variants

Drawing of variant EW 65 in version B
  • EW 41 - partial basement, without vestibule and with entrance from the gable side. The floor plan has a separate dining room as an extension to the living room.
  • EW 42 and EW 51 - standard versions, with full basement and underground parking.
  • EW 65 B - with full basement without underground parking, with an entrance from the gable side, supplemented by a more open room layout and an enlarged living room and kitchen.
  • EW 65 BID - enlarged semi-detached house with pitched roof and 5 living rooms.

In addition, the building type was also implemented as a row or semi-detached house .

today

In 2008 the artist Ton Matton won a design competition in Almere, the Netherlands, with the design of an EW 58 . As a result, in 2014 a building was rebuilt in the city according to the original plans and partly from the original components. Only pressed straw was used for the walls, which was clad with clay on the inside .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b State loans for house builders in the GDR. MDR , June 28, 2019, accessed June 29, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Harald Engler, Anke Kuhrmann and Katrin Saloga: Designing with a system - the architect Wilfried Stallknecht . Ed .: TU Cottbus , Chair of Design and the Scientific Collection of the Leibnitz Institute . S. 10 f. and 13 ( ddr-planungsgeschichte.de [PDF]).
  3. ^ Secretariat of the Council of Ministers of the German Democratic Republic (ed.): Law Gazette of the German Democratic Republic , part Ⅰ . State Publishing House of the German Democratic Republic, Berlin, No. 40, Implementing Provisions for the Home Ownership Ordinance, December 7, 1978, p. 442, plate 1 .
  4. ^ A b Consulting service for home construction, Ministry of Building of the GDR (ed.): Offer project EW 42 single house . June 1, 1982 ( bbr-server.de [PDF]).
  5. ↑ a b Consulting service for home construction, Ministry of Construction of the GDR (ed.): Offer project EW 51 single house . June 1, 1982 ( bbr-server.de [PDF]).
  6. ^ Secretariat of the Council of Ministers of the German Democratic Republic (ed.): Law Gazette of the German Democratic Republic , part Ⅰ . State Publishing House of the German Democratic Republic, Berlin, No. 40, December 7, 1978, p. 425 ff . ( gvoon.de ).
  7. ↑ Homes in the GDR. Each-qm-du.de, accessed on June 24, 2020 .
  8. ↑ a b Authors' collective: Build your own home . Ed .: Dr. rer. oec. Günther Uhlemann. 4th edition. VEB Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin, 1980, p. 67 ff., 72, 75 ff., 131 ff .
  9. ^ With the GDR house EW 58 against the sadness of the suburban settlement. focus.de, March 31, 2014, accessed on September 7, 2020 .