Eden (New South Wales)
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Eden is a coastal city in the south coastal region of New South Wales in Australia . The city is 478 kilometers south of Sydney , the capital of the state. Eden is the southernmost town in New South Wales and is located between Nullica Bay to the south and Calle Calle Bay at the north end of Twofold Bay , which is 35 kilometers south of Eden. The city is located in a hilly area on the third deepest natural harbor in the southern hemisphere . To the west it borders on Snug Cove and had a total of 3,151 inhabitants according to the 2016 census.
The eastern coastline has rugged cliffs to the south, and to the north of these is Aslings Beach, an expansive, sandy surfing beach . The beach ends at the entrance to Lake Curalo, a safe boat inlet in Twofold Bay. Although the physical settlement of Eden began in 1843, the city was not officially considered a city until March 20, 1885. The most important economic sectors of the city are the fishing , forestry and tourism industries .
history
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The local Aborigines who lived in the region before the arrival of the Europeans were Thaua , or Thawa, from the Yuin tribe .
In 1791 boat whaling began in the region. The explorer George Bass took refuge in Twofold Bay on his return trip to Vandiemensland , today's Tasmania, in February 1798, after he had already noticed it on his outward journey south in December of the previous year. Later, in September of the year George Bass visited, he returned with Matthew Flinders and they first explored the bay extensively. In addition, on this occasion there was a first contact with the local Thawa.
Australian biologist Allan Cunningham landed at Snug Bay in December 1817 to collect botanical samples in the area.
In 1828 John Raine set up what is now known as the Davidson Whaling Station for whaling on the coast. It was the very first whale oil cooking plant in Australia and the local Aborigines were involved in the whaling industry. Six years later, the Imlay brothers Alexander , George and Peter built another whaling station on Snug Cove. Nearby they built a small hut, the first known building in Eden. The cabin was drawn by Sir Oswald Brierly in 1842 and by Owen Stanley, the captain of HMS Rattlesnake, in 1843 . Around 1860, Alexander Davidson began a partnership with the Solomon family of Eden-Monaro.
Originally, the widespread orcas were seen as a nuisance to the partnership, but the boat crews employed by the Yuin refused to kill the animals because they indicated when humpback whales came into the bay. This resulted in a hunting community between the whalers and the killer whales: the whales kept the humpback whales that had swum in Twofold Bay at bay, which could then be more easily harpooned . As a reward, the orcas received parts of the carcasses of the humpback whales they had shot. The ranchers from the Monarodistrict inland to Twofold Bay looked for a better way to transport their cattle to Hobart in the first half of the 19th century . Therefore it was decided to build the buildings required for cattle breeding and an accompanying settlement on a suitable side of Twofold Bay. For this reason the home government commissioned the captain of the HMS Alligator to look for such a place in 1834 . In early 1835, the then Governor of New South Wales, Richard Bourke , visited Twofold Bay and the proposed site for the settlement aboard HMS Hyacinth .
Ultimately, the area was surveyed for the intended urban development in 1842 by the state surveyor Thomas Townsend. The main street was named after the Imlay brothers mentioned above, other streets were named after Matthew Flinders, George Bass, Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . In the bay called Cattle Bay on the western edge of Eden, a quay was built where the cattle grazed before they were loaded onto the ships. The cattle also grazed on Lookout Point until 1853 when that land was divided for housing.
The city was named after George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland and British Minister for the Colonies, whose family name was Eden. After town planning was completed, the first buildings were auctioned on March 9, 1843 and the land was sold to Thomas Aspinall, Benjamin Boyd, S. Clinton, Lewes Gordon, W. Hirst, James Kirwan, JP Robinson, and TA Townsend.
The first postmaster was appointed in 1843, but it was not until 1847 that the first post office opened. The customs house was built in 1848, two years after the first customs officer was appointed. However, this was still in East Boyd during the construction phase of the customs house.
Eden grew in the 1850s due to the decline of nearby Boydtown and the discovery of gold in Kiandra , which led to a gold rush in 1859 and 1860. For a few months, hundreds of prospectors came to Eden, replenished their supplies and moved on to Kiandra. As soon as the first snowfall began in Kiandra in winter, the same people who were interested in leaving the area as soon as possible left the area. Eden flourished for a short period of time, only to return to its original calm a short time later.
There were four hotels in Eden in the 1850s, one of which, the Crown and Anchor , which was licensed in 1845, is still standing. It is no longer permitted, but continues to offer travelers accommodation. To the south of this building is another, which was built in 1850 as a business space. Over the years, various companies have been in the same, but it is now used for private apartments. The first public school opened in 1857, followed by the school at St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church in 1888. There were also countless private teachers in Eden.
The shipping of cattle from Eden ceased in the late 1890s after the business had previously expanded to include shipping of cattle to South Australia , Queensland and New Zealand .
Whaling declined in the 1920s and ended in 1930
Residents
According to the 2016 census, 3,151 people lived in Eden. Of these, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders made up 7.2% of the population. 79.1% of the population were born in Australia and 88.0% spoke only English at home . With a share of 31.6%, the largest group of the population has no religion, a further 24.9% are Anglicans and 18.9% profess the Catholic religion .
administration
From the beginning, Eden has been located in the County of Auckland, which is named after the Earl of Auckland and whose name the city itself bears. However, Eden was not within the boundaries of the New South Wales colony for a long time .
The city lies within the Bega Valley Shires . It is also located in the constituency of Eden-Monaro , which has long been an important seat due to the similar chances of the major parties, which led to a significant focus of the media and political parties during election campaigns. In the New South Wales Legislative Assembly , Eden is represented by the constituency of Bega .
Industry
From the mid-1850s to the mid-1920s, horse racing was popular in Eden . The racetrack was located on the northern bank of Lake Curalo.
In the mid-2000s there were a number of companies in Eden. Most of them are related to tourism and so there are many accommodations, bistros and restaurants, as well as businesses for general entertainment, especially fishing and sailing. There are also trips from the pier in Snug Cove to Twofold Bay and whale watching .
Tourism contributes A $ 180 million annually to the economy of the county, which includes Bega and many other towns. Around 550,000 people visit the region every year. Many people visit Eden for whale watching when the whales migrate from Antarctic to tropical waters between June and July and back again later in the year.
There is also a larger fishing fleet in the port at Snug Cove and there was a canned tuna factory between 1949 and 1999 . Their closure led to the loss of many jobs. Sawing wood has also played an important role in the local economy for a long time. The collection and export of acacia bark was also economically important for over a hundred years .
Whaling also played an important role in the city's economy for over a hundred years until it declined in the 1920s and ended in the late 1930s. Eden's Killer Whale Museum informs visitors about the history of whaling in the area, as well as the role of the orcas (killer whales) led by Old Tom to drive other whales into port for local whalers to kill The whalers the orcas rewarded by allowing them to eat the lips and tongues of the dead whales.
The harbor
The Port of Eden is one of two regional ports in New South Wales managed by the New South Wales Maritime Authority . The other is Yamba on the north coast. The port is the largest fishing port in New South Wales and the main export product is wood chips . The Department of Defense also uses the port and operates a large shipyard for the maintenance of warships. Cruise ships also dock in the port.
From the 1850s to the 1950s, the port was operated by the Illawarra Steam Navigation Company .
Famous pepole
- Peter Kelly , rugby league player
- Corey Stewart , rugby league player
- Brett Kelly , rugby league player
- Mary Braidwood Mowle , diary writer
Attractions
- Old Tom - The leader of a pack of orcas who helped whalers remove carcass parts by capturing baleen whales in port. Its skeleton is exhibited in Eden's Killer Whale Museum and is the only complete orca skeleton that can be viewed in the southern hemisphere.
- The local Australian football team is Eden Whalers FC.
Killer Whale Museum
Memorial to all the Edenic sailors who went missing at sea. It was built after the loss of the fishing trawler Shiralee in 1978.
Wood chips are waiting to be exported to Japan
The port of Eden
Crown & Anchor Inn - first registered in 1845
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics : Eden ( English ) In: 2016 Census QuickStats . June 27, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
- ↑ a b Guide to Twofold Bay cruises
- ↑ a b c d Eden Tourist Guide
- ^ New South Wales Government Gazette - year and edition unknown
- ↑ a b c d Eden, New South Wales . In: Travel , Sydney Morning Herald, February 8, 2004. Retrieved January 21, 2008.
- ↑ Norman Tindale : Thaua (NSW) . In: NB Tindale's Aboriginal Tribes of Australia (1974) . South Australian Museum . 2003. Archived from the original on October 28, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2008: “From north of Merimbula south to Green Cape; west to the scarp of the dividing range. Their hordes were divided into two groups, the ['Katungal]' sea coast people, 'and the [' Baianbal] or ['Paienbara], the' tomahawk people, 'those who lived in the forests; a third group, the Bemerigal or mountain people at Cooma belonged to the Ngarigo with whom the inland Thaua had some associations. An early writer whose reference I have lost described the Twofold Bay people, whom he called Nulliker, as diminutive in stature as compared with inland aborigines. They had folded bark canoes and ventured out to sea. Their huts were trigonal bark shelters. "
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Wellings, HP: Eden and Twofold Bay: discovery, early history and points of interest 1797-1965 . Eden Killer Whale Museum, Eden, NSW 1996, ISBN 0-646-29410-5 .
- ↑ Eden , October 4, 2004 on the Sydney Morning Herald .
- ↑ http://www.jewishhistoryaustralia.net/Nulla_Nulla_Story/A_5_Killers_in_Eden.htm Article with further sources
- ^ The Australian 3 June 1834
- ^ Australian 13 February 1835, 13 March 1835
- ↑ Davidson Whaling Station In: NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment from 2008.
- ^ Eden, New South Wales . Visit NSW. Retrieved March 30, 2013.
- ↑ Killers in Eden television documentary from America's Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)
- ^ Greg McKee: Killers of Eden. The incredible true story of the killer whales of Twofold Bay . 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2013.
- ↑ Port of Eden . In: New South Wales Regional Ports . New South Wales Maritime Authority . 2006. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved on December 14, 2006.