Edraianthus

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Edraianthus
Grassy tufted bell (Edraianthus graminifolius)

Grassy tufted bell ( Edraianthus graminifolius )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Bellflower family (Campanulaceae)
Subfamily : Campanuloideae
Genre : Edraianthus
Scientific name
Edraianthus
A.DC.

The plant genus Edraianthus , German common names are clump bell or bell bell , belongs to the bellflower family (Campanulaceae). The 20 or so species thrive in the mountains of Southeast Europe and Italy .

description

Illustration of the grassy tufted bell ( Edraianthus graminifolius )
Radially symmetrical, five-fold flowers in detail, the two branches of the style are easy to recognize

Appearance and leaves

Edraianthus species grow as perennial herbaceous plants . They often have a lignified "root stock". They are low and their stem, depending on the species, is only 1 centimeter to a maximum of 20 to 25 centimeters long. The leaves are arranged alternately on the stem. The lower leaves are mostly petiolate, the upper ones sessile. The leaf blades are usually linear, linear-lanceolate or ovate and whole or irregularly notched.

Flowers and fruits

The flowers are heaped singly or in groups and then usually sitting in the axilla of bracts that are about as long or shorter than the flowers. The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is five-lobed, the calyx teeth are triangular-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. The corolla is five-lobed and cylindrical to bell-shaped, mostly blue-violet; it has a length of 8 to 35 millimeters, depending on the species. The five stamens are free, their base is usually somewhat broader. The ovary is hairy or bald.

The main difference to the bellflower species ( Campanula ) is that the capsule fruits in Edraianthus species spring up irregularly at the tip, while in the Campanula species they open with holes or flaps.

Edraianthus horvatii
Edraianthus pumilio
Edraianthus serbicus
Cushion-shaped, compact growth and thick, deep rhizome in Edraianthus serpyllifolius , in its natural habitat on the Bijela gora , Opuvani do
Edraianthus tenuifolius

Systematics and distribution

The genus Edraianthus was established in 1839 by Alphonse Pyrame de Candolle in the work of Carl Meissner : Plantarum vascularium genera ... , page 149. The scientific genus name Edraianthus is made up of the Greek words hedraios for seated and anthos for flower; means "with sitting flowers". Synonyms for Edraianthus A.DC. are Hedranthus Rupr. and Hedraeanthus Griseb.

Edraianthus species thrive on calcareous soils in rocky subsoil in the mountains of south-eastern Europe , especially the Balkan Peninsula , but also in Italy including Sicily .

There are around 20 Edraianthus species:

  • Edraianthus australis (Wettst.) Lakušic ex Greuter, Burdet & G.Long (Syn .: Edraianthus graminifolius var. Australis Wettst. ): The home is Albania and Greece .
  • Edraianthus caespitosus F.K.Mey. : It was first described in 2011 from Albania.
  • Edraianthus canescens D. Lakušic, Niketic & Stevan. : It wasfirst describedfrom Serbia in 2013.
  • Dalmatian tufted bell ( Edraianthus dalmaticus (A.DC.) A.DC. , Syn .: Wahlenbergia dalmatica A.DC. ): This endemic thrives only in the Dinaric Alps on the northwestern Balkan peninsula.
  • Edraianthus dinaricus (A.Kern.) Wettst. (Syn .: Campanula dinarica A.Kern. ): It is endemic to the Mosor in Croatia.
  • Edraianthus glisicii Cernjavski & Soska : The home is Montenegro .
  • Grass-like tufted bell ( Edraianthus graminifolius (L.) A.DC. , Syn .: Campanula graminifolia L. , Wahlenbergia graminifolia (L.) A.DC. , Pilorea graminifolia (L.) Raf. , Campanula graminifolia var. Setifolia Vuk. Nom . inval., Wahlenbergia kitaibelii A.DC. , Edraianthus kitaibelii (A.DC.) A.DC. , Edraianthus croaticus A.Kern. , Campanula croatica (A.Kern.) A.Kern. , Wahlenbergia croatica (A.Kern .) Vatke , Edraianthus siculus Strobl , Edraianthus graminifolius var. elatus Wettst. , Edraianthus graminifolius var. pusillus Wettst. , Edraianthus graminifolius var. siculus (Strobl) Nyman , Campanopsis graminifolia (L.) Kuntze , Campanopsis kitaibelii (A.DC.) Kuntze , Edraianthus montenegrinus Horak , Edraianthus graminifolius subsp. coeruleus Janch. , Edraianthus graminifolius subsp. albanicus Degen & Kümmerle , Edraianthus graminifolius var. ginzbergeri (H.Lindb.) Hayek , Edraianthus albanicus (Degen & Kümmerle) Lakušic nom. inval., Edraianthus jugoslavicus Lakušic nom. inval., Edraianthu s vesovicii Lakušic , Edraianthus zugovicii Lakušic , Edraianthus graminifolius subsp. siculus (Strobl) Lakušic , Protoedraianthus vesovicii (Lakušic) Lakušic nom. inval.). Their distribution extends in southern Europe from Italy and Sicily through the former Yugoslavia , Greece and Albania to Romania .
  • Edraianthus hercegovinus K.Malý : It is endemic to Mt. Cvrsnica in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
  • Edraianthus horvatii Lakušic : The home is southern Macedonia and northern Greece .
  • Edraianthus × intermedius sword : This hybrid of Edraianthus graminifolius × Edraianthus tenuifolius occurs in western Croatia .
  • Edraianthus × lakusicii Stevan. & D.Lakušic : This hybrid of Edraianthus tenuifolius × Edraianthus wettsteinii subsp. lovcenicus occurs in Montenegro.
  • Edraianthus × murbeckii Wettst. : This hybrid of Edraianthus graminifolius × Edraianthus serpyllifolius occurs in Bosnia-Herzegovina .
  • Edraianthus niveus Beck (Syn .: Edraianthus graminifolius subsp. Niveus (G.Beck) Janchen ): This endemic occurs only in southern Bosnia-Herzegovina .
  • Edraianthus parnassicus (Boiss. & Spruner) Halácsy (Syn .: Campanula parnassica Boiss. & Spruner ): The home is Greece .
  • Edraianthus pilosulus (Beck) Surina & Lakušic (Syn .: Edraianthus serpyllifolius f. Pilosulus Beck ): It is widespread on the northwestern Balkan peninsula.
  • Edraianthus pubescens F.K.Mey. : It was first described in 2011 from Albania.
  • Edraianthus pulevicii Surina & Lakušic : It was first described from Montenegro in 2009.
  • Dwarf tuft bell ( Edraianthus pumilio (Portenschl.) A.DC. , Syn .: Campanula pumilio Portenschl. Ex Schult. ): It is endemic to the Biokovo Mountains in Croatia.
  • Edraianthus serbicus (A.Kern.) Petrovic : The home is the east-central Serbia and the west-central Bulgaria.
  • Edraianthus serpyllifolius (Vis.) A.DC. (Syn .: Campanula serpyllifolia Vis. ): The home is Croatia and northern Albania. The cold-tolerant Edrainathus serpyllifolius inhabits the highest peaks between the Neretva and the Valbona.
  • Edraianthus stankovicii (Lakušic) D.Lakusic & Surina : This endemic only occurs in northeastern Serbia.
  • Edraianthus sutjeskae Lakušic : It wasfirst describedin 2010 from north-western Serbia .
  • Edraianthus tarae Lakušic : The homeland is Montenegro.
  • Edraianthus tenuifolius (A.DC.) A.DC. (Syn .: Wahlenbergia tenuifolia A.DC. ): It occurs from Croatia to northern Albania.
  • Edraianthus wettsteinii Halácsy & Bald. : There are two subspecies:
    • Edraianthus wettsteinii subsp. lovcenicus E. Mayer & Blecic : It is endemic to the Lovćen Mountains in southern Montenegro.
    • Edraianthus wettsteinii E. Mayer & Blecic subsp. wettsteinii : It occurs from southwestern Montenegro to northwestern Albania.

Lammers 2007 does not include the genus Edraianthus :

literature

  • B. Kuzmanov: Edraianthus A.DC. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , pp. 99–100 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Edraianthus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 17, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Edraianthus  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Phylogeny of the genus Edraianthus on the homepage of Boštjan Surina at the Rijeka Natural History Museum [1]
  • Evolution of the genus Edraianthus and Heliosperma on the Balkan Peninsula, completed project of the European Commission, headed by Harald Niklfeld [2]