Ehmetjan Qasimi

Ehmetjan Qasimi

Ehmetjan Qasimi (born April 15, 1914 ; † August 27, 1949 ; Chinese  阿 合 買 提 江 · 哈斯 木 , Pinyin Āhémǎitíjiāng Hāsīmù , ɑ́xɤ̌màɪtʰǐtɕjɑ́ŋ xɑ́símû ; Uighur ئەخمەتجان قاسىمى Əhmətjan Ⱪasimi , Cyrillic: Ахметжан Касими; also: Ehmetjan Qasimi , Exmetjan Qasimi , Ahmetjan Khasimi , Ahmet Jan Kasimi , Aḥmadjān Qāsim , Ahmetcan Kasim , Kasimov) was a Uighur political leader in Xinjiang , Republic of China .

Political career

Ehmetjan was born in Ghulzha ( Yining ) in 1914 . He studied at the Communist University for the Workers of the East in Moscow in 1936 and was a member of the Communist Party . Qasimi Russified his family name to "Kasimov". He has been referred to as "Stalin's man" and a "communist-minded progressive". Then he became a member of the ruling assembly of the Second East Turkestan Republic (ETR, شەرقىي تۈركىستان جۇمھۇرىيىتى 東突厥斯坦 共和國), an organization established by the Soviets in three northwestern districts of Xinjiang during the Three District Revolution . Qasimi was not involved in planning the rebellion himself. The ETR was initially led by Elihan Tore , who preferred to introduce a conservative Islamic government. Tore was forcibly taken to the USSR by the KGB in 1946 and detained there. Qasimi then became the leader of the pro-Soviet Sinkiang Turkic People's National Liberation Committee (STPNLC).

In June 1946, Qasimi drew up a political agreement with the Chinese national leader Zhang Zhizhong to set up a coalition-led provincial government in Dihua, today's Urumqi . The ETR was dissolved in name, but the three districts were given their autonomy. As Vice-Chairman of the Government, Qasimi called for unity and support from the government. He stated that the people of Ili only started the uprising to protect their own rights under the Chinese constitution. He was a member of the Xinjiang delegation to the National Assembly in Nanjing .

In the summer of 1949, when the Chinese nationalists lost the civil war to the Chinese communists, the Soviet Union planned that the leaders of the ETR should switch sides. On August 22, 1949, Vasiliy Borisov, the Soviet Vice-Consul in Yining, accompanied the ETR leaders on a car trip to the USSR to hold urgent talks with Soviet officials about the future of the ETR. There they were instructed to cooperate with the Chinese Communist Party . You were invited by Mao Zedong to participate in the first consultative conference in Beijing on the establishment of the People's Republic of China .

death

On August 22nd, Ehmetjan Qasimi, Abdulkerim Abbas and Ishaq Beg Munonov , Dalelkhan Sugirbayev and Luo Zhi left Yining. They traveled to Almaty by car and on August 23 they flew to Novosibirsk , where they were stopped by severe weather warnings. The delegation, not wanting to miss the Beiping conference, insisted on continuing the trip and left Novosibirsk on August 25th. The plane crashed in difficult climatic conditions in the Lake Baikal region on August 26 and all occupants died. Qasimi was 35 years old at the time.

News of the accident reached Yining on September 3rd, and Saifudin Aziz led another delegation from the Ili government to Beijing on September 7th. This delegation flew from Yining to Chita and reached Beiping on September 15 by train via Manzhouli and Shenyang .

family

Ehmetjan Qasimi was married to Mahinur Qasim (玛依 努尔 • 哈斯 木) from Huocheng in January 1945 . The couple had a son and a daughter. In 1952, Mahinur Qasim became mayor of Yining and joined the Chinese Communist Party. She later served as a member of the Standing Committee and vice-chair of the All-China Women's Federation (中华 全国 妇女 联合会). She was a prominent advocate of women's and children's rights. Her memoirs about her husband, Remembering Ehmetijan (回忆 阿 合 买 提 江), were published in China in 2011.

legacy

In the People's Republic of China, Ehmetjan Qasimi is revered as a martyr and hero. His remains were returned to China in April 1950 and later buried in a martyrs cemetery in Yining. The cemetery is decorated with a stele with a calligraphy by Mao Zedong, which praises Qasimi and his companions for their contributions to the Chinese People's Revolution and mourns their death.

literature

• Abdurakhman Abay, Ahmetjan Qasimi Haqqida Hikayilar , Urumqi: Xinjiang Peoples Publishing (1984)
• Linda Benson: The Ili Rebellion: the Moslem challenge to Chinese authority in Xinjiang, 1944-1949 . ME Sharpe, 1990, ISBN 0-87332-509-5 .
• Andrew DW Forbes: Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949 , illustrated. Edition, CUP Archive, 1986, ISBN 0-521-25514-7 (accessed March 10, 2014).
• Zordun Sabir, Anayurt , Almaty: Nash Mir (2006)
• Обухов В.Г .. Уран для Берии. Восточный Туркестан в атомном проекте Кремля. Вече. 2010. ISBN 978-5-9533-4438-8 .

Web links

• The Soviets in Xinjiang (1911-1949) by Mark Dickens
• Chinese side

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Forbes 1986, p. 174
2. ↑ Benson 1990 : 138
3. ↑ Benson 1990 : 140
4. ^ ^{A b c} Mark Dickens, "The Soviets in Xinjiang 1911-1949"
5. ↑ Benson 1990 : 63, 70
6. ↑ Benson 1990 : 84, 101
7. ↑ ^{a b} Benson 1990 : 86
8. ↑ ^{a b} (Chinese) 新 中国 和平 解放 新疆 内幕 (2) ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
9. ↑ (Chinese) 深受 毛泽东 器重 的 新疆 首 任 政府 主席 赛 福鼎 (1) ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
10. ^ Donald H. McMillen, Chinese Communist Power and Policy in Xinjiang, 1949-1977 (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1979), p. 30th
11. ↑ ^{a b c d} (Chinese) 回忆 阿 合 买 提 江 (上下)
12. ↑ (Chinese) 第七届 全国 妇联 领导 机构 主要 成员
13. ↑ (Chinese) 自治区 领导 会见 玛依 努尔 · 哈斯 木 祝贺 她 荣获 中国 内藤 国际 育儿 奖 18. December 2002
14. ↑ ^{a b c} (Chinese) "三 区 革命烈士 陵园 (三 区 革命 历史 纪念馆): 伊宁 市" 人民网 ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.