Deciduous Forest Red Cap
| Deciduous Forest Red Cap | ||||||||||||
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Deciduous red cap ( Leccinum aurantiacum ) |
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| Leccinum aurantiacum | ||||||||||||
| ( Bull. ) Gray |
The deciduous forest red cap ( Leccinum aurantiacum , syn .: L. quercinum, L. rufum ), also oak red cap or oak grouse , is a type of mushroom from the family of the thick boletus relatives .
features
The brick-red to brown hat has a diameter of 6–15 (–20) cm. The hat is spherical in youth and becomes massive and cushion-shaped in old age. The top is finely felted, similar to suede, and becomes greasy when wet. The tubes are up to 3 cm long, white when young, brownish spotting when touched and later gray to dark olive gray. The stem is up to 18 cm long and 2–4 cm wide. It is thick and tightly covered with reddish-brown scales. The meat at the base of the handle turns dark purple when damaged, as is when cooked.
Species delimitation
The leccinum quercinum belongs to the group of hard to be distinguished from each other Rotkappen within the genus of leccinum that actually differ only slightly different dimensions of the spores and the mycorrhizal partners. Two closely related and very similar species are the coniferous forest or pine red cap ( Leccinum vulpinum ) and the spruce red cap ( L. piceinum ).
ecology
The warmth-loving deciduous red cap is a mycorrhizal partner of oaks and other deciduous trees and occurs in mild areas in oak-hornbeam forests and in beech forests with interspersed oaks, sometimes also in parks and cemeteries. It prefers fresh to dry soils on neutral or moderately acidic subsoil, but can also occur on basic soils. The fruiting bodies appear from late summer to autumn, but in exceptional cases they can also be found earlier.
distribution
The deciduous forest red cap occurs in the Mediterranean to temperate regions of Europe in the area of the genus Quercus and goes north to southern Finland. The distribution center is Central Europe, in other areas the species is rare. It is still unclear whether the finds reported from Costa Rica are identical to the European species.
meaning
The deciduous forest red cap is a popular edible mushroom, but like all species of the genus Leccinum it is under nature protection. Their populations are declining, the species is classified in category G3 (endangered) on the Red List of Endangered Large Mushrooms in Germany. The deciduous forest red cap, at that time under the name "Eichen-Rotkappe", was voted mushroom of the year by the German Society for Mycology in 1994 as the first mushroom species to draw attention to their endangerment.
literature
- Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 .
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- A. Bollmann, A. Gminder, P. Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms. 4th edition. Genre CD, Black Forest Mushroom Teaching Show, Hornberg 2007, ISSN 0932-920X
Web links
Deciduous Forest Red Cap (1994) | Tinder Sponge (1995) | Hawk mushroom (1996) | Women's Täubling (1997) | Pig's ear (1998) | Satan's Röhrling (1999) | King's Fly Agaric (2000) | Spiky Meander Truffle (2001) | Orange-foxed Rough Head (2002) | Parrot green sapling (2003) | Real dry rot (2004) | Common Weather Star (2005) | Branched goatee (2006) | Doll core club (2007) | Bronze Röhrling (2008) | Blue bark mushroom (2009) | Barn Owl (2010) | Red lattice (2011) | Gray Kraterelle (2012) | Brown-green Zärtling (2013) | Common Crucible Dearling (2014) | Branched Cup Coral (2015) | Purple-stalked red chalk knight (2016) | Jude's Ear (2017) | Meadow mushroom (2018) | Green death cap mushroom (2019) | Common stinkhorn (2020)
