Wondollek ironworks
The Royal Ironworks Wondollek was an ironworks in the district of Johannisburg , Masuria from 1805 to 1880 . It was the largest ironworks in East Prussia .
founding
After the third partition of Poland in 1795, the provinces of New East Prussia and South East Prussia were formed south of Masuria and incorporated into East Prussia. Due to the rich occurrence of lawn iron ore ("meadow ore ") in the south of Masuria, the Royal Mines and Ironworks Administration in Berlin was looking for a suitable location for a steelworks. The decision was made on the spot at the Wondollekmühle, which on 26 July 1749 by the State of Prussia the Müller Christoph Lipka in annual lease had been given. On November 1, 1798, the tax inspector Großmann in the Pillkallen district took up the post of smelting factors and rendants and became the builder of the smelting works and founder of the Schatulldorf Wondollek . The investment capital amounted to 72,500 thalers.
The construction of the iron and steel works and its facilities took years. First, trenches were dug, canals dug and the terrain was leveled. After a brick factory was built, construction work began as early as the spring of 1799, building apartments for employees and family houses for workers ("manufacturers"). The construction of the ironworks and the apartments was mainly carried out in 1803. The construction of the blast furnace began in 1803 and was completed at the end of 1804; it was about eleven meters high, the inner width of the shaft was two meters above the grate and one meter at the top. Following was casting plant , fresh plant , Eisenhammer , enamelling , stamp mill and a warehouse built.
In Wondollek to let immigrant professionals from Peitz and Torgelow down. They were blast-openers, form- masters , fresh-masters and iron- stone graves . In the midst of the Masurian- speaking population, a German language island formed . Around 1860/70 there were 200 inhabitants in Wondollek.
production
The blast furnace was blown on in the spring of 1804 to dry it . From the beginning of June 1804 to the end of March 1806 the blast furnace was in operation for 44 weeks. 30,131 quintals of 95 pounds of lawn iron ore were melted, for which 16,416 quintals of charcoal were used as a combustion and reducing agent and 3374 quintals of harvested limestone were used as a supplement. From this 4685 quintals of 43.5 pounds of cast goods , 4423 quintals of 107 pounds of pig iron and 684 quintals of 89.5 pounds of iron and steel equipment were produced. On average, around 35.6 pounds of iron were extracted from one hundredweight (110 pounds) of lawn iron ore; the iron content of the lawn iron ore was thus 32.4 percent.
As a result of the phosphoric acid content of around three percent, the goods and objects produced turned out to be cold-brittle. In 1806 they felt compelled to melt the accumulated broken iron again in the cupola process in order to obtain pig iron for casting . The 33 foot high furnace shaft was therefore narrowed to four feet in the coal sack and a foot and nine inches in the gout. With this delivery, 4733 Berlin hundredweight pig iron with 87 loads to 112 Berlin bushels (= 9744 Berlin bushels) charcoal were remelted in 21 weeks . The cost of coal for 110 Berlin pounds of pig iron to be remelted was about 3 1/3 Rhenish cubic feet. The iron loss was eight percent.
From 1811, iron rods were also manufactured in the Wondollek ironworks . In the year 1817 the royal steelworks office in Wondollek employed a steelworks inspector, a rendant, a hut clerk, a hut doctor and two factors.
The deposited lawn iron ore was extracted by trained iron stone graves with women and children in the meadows with turf hoes, iron rods and picks and brought it to the ironworks on sleds in winter. The yield of the Masurian bog iron bearing varied according to the needs and consumption of the blast furnace from 650 tons in 1842 and 4,000 tonnes of ore in 1857. In the forests of Piska had Köhler in charcoal kilns produced the charcoal for the blast furnace. Every year around 6000 cubic meters of wood were charred. From softwood was in the Teerschwelereien of tar recovered.
Because of the difficult acquisition of the iron stone, the ironworks was estimated at 26,000 thalers in 1826 and offered in a tender . In the spring of 1833 the ironworks consisted of the following facilities:
- Hohenofen with factories and buildings
- Stick hammer and fresh fire with buildings and plants
- Lime stamping mill
- Dams and water supply lines
- public buildings
- Residential and farm buildings
In 1853, 743 tons of lawn iron stone with a value of four silver groschen 2.4 pfenning each were extracted from six extraction points. The blast furnace was in operation for 24 weeks and it turned 15,810 quintals of pig iron stone, in cold winds, with a surcharge of 1,535.25 quintals of pounded limestone and a fuel consumption of 427 loads of 104 bushels of pine wood: 2,166 quintals 104 pounds of pig iron, eleven quintals 18 Pounds of ironworks, 315 quintals, 88 pounds of box castings and 41,148 pieces, or 2,517 quintals and 80 pounds of piece castings. In total it was 5011 quintals and 70 pounds. The yield turned out to be 30.43 percent. For every 100 pounds of pig iron, 328.7 pounds of iron ore, 145.20 pounds of charcoal and 35.1 pounds of limestone were used. The value of the cast goods produced was 10,309 thalers. In 1853 the cupola was operated in 42 shifts with its own and two shifts with English pig iron; from the former, 668 quintals of 36.25 pounds of cast goods were made to the value of 2337 thalers and the latter 20 quintals 30 pounds for personal use. The former used 107.4 pounds of pig iron and 89.4 pounds of charcoal per 100 products, the latter 107-108.8 pounds. The iron loss there was 6.86 and here 6.9 percent.
In the enamelling hut, 11,919 pieces of crockery weighing 807 quintals 19 pounds and valued at 1671 thalers were enamelled over a period of 13 weeks.
The fresh fire was in operation for 36.25 weeks; 1630 quintals and 23 pounds of old wrought iron were made with 126 fuders and seven bushels of coal, 1287 quintals and 27.5 pounds of rod iron, one hundredweight and 75 pounds of steeled and 13 quintals of unsteeled model iron. It required 126.6 pounds of old wrought iron and 156.7 pounds of coal on 100 pounds of bar iron. The iron loss was 21.04 percent.
In 1854, 1810 tons of lawn iron ore were extracted from eight extraction points at a cost of 218 thalers.
In 1855, 2203 tons of lawn iron stone were extracted from eight extraction points. The Hüttenkasse paid 243 thalers in wages and 43 thalers for the terrain compensation and other ancillary costs. The total value of the promotion of 286 thalers resulted in a value of three silver groschen and 10.7 pfennings per ton. In 1854–1855, an average of four men were used to mine the iron.
In 1874, 3226 quintals of cast goods and 976 quintals of iron products (bar iron) worth 61,464 marks were produced in the Wondollek ironworks. In 1875 2880 quintals of cast goods and 877 quintals of iron goods with a total value of 54,946 marks were produced. Compared to the previous year it was 6518 marks less. In 1874 there were 39 and in 1875 38 workers.
The ironworks delivered an average of 1,000 to 2,000 thalers net profit, occasionally also 7,000 thalers surplus. It allowed the inhabitants of East Prussia inexpensive purchase of hardware such as casseroles , frying pans, casseroles , pot, coffee pots, bells, grave crosses, flatiron , waffle iron, Grapen u. Ä.
Exit
At a time of severe economic depression and high Russian import duties , the Royal Ironworks at Wondollek went down in 1880. The two private attempts to continue operating the ironworks failed. The enameling hut was converted into a grinding mill in 1881. The blast furnace, the iron hammer, the casting and the fresh smelter were demolished in 1889. The warehouse in which the products of the ironworks were stored and exhibited for sale was still used as a building for the customs authorities in the summer of 1921.
literature
- P. Rosenwall, Gottfried Peter Rauschnick : Remarks by a Russian about Prussia and its inhabitants, collected from a trip made in 1814 through this country . Mainz, 1817, pp. 213-215.
- Rudolf von Carnall (Ed.): Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state . Volume 4. Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz, Berlin 1857, p. 97.
- Max Toeppen : History of Masuria. A contribution to the Prussian national and cultural history . Verlag von Theodor Bertling, Danzig 1870, pp. 392–393.
- Carl Hartmann (Ed.): Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung , Volume 14, pp. 135-136.
- Hans Hess von Wichdorff : Contributions to the history of the former state ironworks to Wondollek in Masuria. In: Messages from the literary society Masovia. Issue 26./27., Lötzen 1922, pp. 3-11.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wondollek. Zeno.org , accessed November 7, 2018 .
Web links
Coordinates: 53 ° N , 22 ° E