Ekkehard Kallee

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Ekkehard Kallee (born January 30, 1922 in Feuerbach ; † December 11, 2012 in Tübingen ) was a German university professor and nuclear medicine specialist .

Life

From 1932 Ekkehard Kallee went to the humanistic Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium in Stuttgart , where he learned Latin and ancient Greek, but comparatively little natural sciences. During the Second World War he was in the medical service from 1940 to 1945, including half a year as a French prisoner of war in Bad Niedernau . He completed a medical degree at the University of Tübingen by 1950 and only later joined the Roigel student association in Tübingen . From 1947 to 1950 he wrote his dissertation with Carl Martius and Adolf Butenandt on experiments to prepare a phosphoric acid ester of citric acid . Although these tests produced a negative result in themselves, the results were extremely interesting. At that time he was able to refute the findings of two chemists in arduous work.

In 1965 he married the educator and later social worker Barbara Kallee, b. Weigmann, and had a son with her, Stephan Kallee . In his free time he tended two Swabian orchards in Ammerbuch , to which he went on hikes with the dental students he taught in the summer semester. As a result, his schnapps and liqueurs, labeled with the Latin slogan ex hortis manibusque Kallee (from Kallee's gardens and hands), became very well known in student circles.

Until his retirement in 1987, as a nuclear medicine specialist and university professor, he was head of the isotope laboratory at the University Hospital of Tübingen . He was an emeritus member of the European Thyroid Association as well as the Society for Endocrinology and the German Society for Internal Medicine .

Teaching, research and public mandate

A basis of his scientific work from his PhD to more than 20 years after his retirement consisted of the knowledge of the reversibility of adsorption processes, as formulated by Irving Langmuir in his adsorption isotherm . Ekkehard Kallee was able to prove the existence of adsorption distribution weights for the first time.

Above all, with his knowledge of the adsorption processes , he succeeded in paper-electrophoretic detection of trace proteins using the example of radioiodine-labeled insulin . That meant a breakthrough of several orders of magnitude for analytical clinical chemistry. Ultimately, all subsequent immunological detection methods for all possible active substances are based on this. As early as 1954 he published two German articles on the detection method he had newly developed using 131 iodine -signed insulin.

By autoradiographs of paper electrophoresis strips he was able to detect up to 10 −9 grams of 131 I-insulin. Sera from humans, rats and guinea pigs were examined and differed in their ability to attenuate the specific adsorption of calf insulin on filter paper. According to studies at the time, human serum was best suited for specific insulin detection because here - in contrast to rat and guinea pig serum - the characteristic 131 I-insulin band only appeared when non-radioactive carrier insulin was added. In 1977 half of a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Rosalyn Sussman Yalow for the development of radioimmunological methods for the determination of peptide hormones in this research area. She worked in a 22-year scientific partnership with Solomon Aaron Berson , who would have shared the Nobel Prize with her or Kallee if he had been alive at the time of the award.

Kallee worked out the fundamentals of the reversibility of protein binding with his colleagues G. Seybold, J. Wollensak and W. Oppermann as well as with H. Ott in the years 1952 to 1959 in dye binding experiments with serum proteins. The research team came up with the idea of ​​passive transport of protein-bound substances by studying patients with albumin deficiency diseases.

One of the main subjects of his research was analbuminemia , a rare hereditary disease of which only 50 cases have been published worldwide. Kallee examined a Swabian pair of siblings with analbuminemia over a period of 38 years. These are the first two patients worldwide who have been diagnosed and published with this disease.

The analbuminemia patient received substitution therapy with human albumin . Laboratory findings before and after the infusion of large amounts of albumin indicated a mechanism by which albumin-bound substances can be passively transported in the blood and from the bloodstream to the extravascular space and vice versa. She developed extreme lipodystrophy in the fourth decade of her life . She had juvenile osteoporosis , which could be normalized with albumin replacement. She died of cancer at the age of 69. Her brother never received albumin, even though his serum only contained 60 µg / ml of an albumin-like protein. He suffered from severe osteoporosis and died of colon cancer at the age of 59. Despite high cholesterol levels and a high number of blood clotting factors, neither patient had any disadvantages.

In general, most of his research projects went back to dealing with patients. This applies in particular to the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases as one of the first nuclear medicine specialists in Germany.

Long before the Chernobyl disaster , Kallee assessed the benefits and risks of iodine prophylaxis in nuclear reactor accidents . After the reactor accident, he examined food from regions affected by radioactive fallout and developed a method of decontaminating radioactively contaminated meat - especially reindeer and venison meat - by curing.

Famous ancestors

Ekkehard Kallee comes from a family of scholars in Württemberg: his father Albert Kallee was a regional court director in Stuttgart and a specialist in labor law. His mother Helene Kallee, b. Schmolz, was a teacher's daughter. His grandfather Richard Kallee was a pastor in Feuerbach and, as a local researcher, excavated 102 Alemannic stone graves in the Feuerbach grave field and documented 760 finds. Kalleestrasse in Stuttgart-Feuerbach is named after him. His great-grandfather, General Eduard von Kallee , is considered the illegitimate son of King Wilhelm I of Württemberg and was active in the field of Limes research.

Fonts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ekkehard Kallee: About 131 J-signed insulin, I. Communication. (Proof). In: Journal of Nature Research B . 7, 1952, p. 661 ( PDF , free full text). Quoted in BA Burrows, T Peters & FC Lowell: Physical Binding of insulin by gamma globulins of insulin-resistant subjects. J Clin Invest. 1957 March; 36 (3): 393-397. PMC 1072655 (free full text).
  2. ↑ Ekkehard Kallee: Over 131 J-signed insulin, II. Field of application and limits of the detection method, In: Klinische Wochenschrift , 1954, 32, 508-509. doi : 10.1007 / BF01467093 .
  3. ↑ Prof. Dr. Richard Wahl: Obituary for Professor Ekkehard Kallee, a pioneer in his field. (PDF; 626 kB) Endocrinology information, communications from the German Society for Endocrinology, Volume 37 (2013), Issue 1, pages 11–12.
  4. ↑ Richard Wahl: Pioneer of insulin and thyroid research - On the death of Professor Dr. Ekkehard Kallee an obituary. Newsletter Uni Tübingen current No. 1/2013 - April 26, 2013.
  5. ^ Rolf Luft: Award Ceremony Speech , From Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1971-1980, Editor Jan Lindsten, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 1992.
  6. ^ The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977 , Official website of the Nobel Prize in English.
  7. ↑ History of the radioimmunoassay. A historical reminiscence , Munich Medical Weekly, 1984 Jan 27; 126 (4): 97-101.
  8. ^ A. D'Addabbo, G. Seybold and E. Kallee: The influence of hydrochlorothiazide on the insulin action and the breakdown of 131 I-insulin in rabbits . Journal of All Experimental Medicine, Research in Experimental Medicine, Volume 138, Number 2, 105-115. doi : 10.1007 / BF02047939
  9. ↑ J. Wollensak, E. Kallee and G. Seybold: Dye binding studies on mitochondria. In: Journal of Nature Research B . 10, 1955, pp. 582-587 ( PDF , free full text).
  10. ↑ E. Kallee, F. Lohss, and W. Oppermann: Trichloroacetic acid-acetone extraction of albumins from sera and antigen-antibody precipitates. In: Journal of Nature Research B . 12, 1957, pp. 777-783 ( PDF , free full text).
  11. ↑ Hans Ott and Ekkehard Kallee: Azorubinverdrängung von Serumalbumin, Kolloide Zeitschrift, Colloid & Polymer Science, Volume 127, Number 1, 40-41. doi : 10.1007 / BF01526301
  12. ^ Register of Analbuminemia Cases , The Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital Research Institute, Cooperstown, NY.
  13. ^ Bennhold's analbuminemia: A follow-up study of the first two cases (1953-1992) . In: The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, Volume 127, Issue 5, Pages 470-480 (May 1996). doi : 10.1016 / S0022-2143 (96) 90064-5
  14. ↑ '' H. Bennhold, H. Peters & E. Roth: About a case of complete analbuminaemia without significant clinical symptoms , Verh. Dtsch. Ges. Inn. Med. 60, 1954, 630-634. Text.
  15. ^ Mary S. Ruhoff, Michael W. Greene, Theodore Peters: Location of the mutation site in the first two reported cases of analbuminemia. In: Clinical Biochemistry. 43, 2010, pp. 525-527, doi: 10.1016 / j.clinbiochem . 2009.12.002 .
  16. ↑ Ekkehard Kallee: Use and risk of iodine prophylaxis in nuclear reactor accidents , Der Internist, May 1981; 22 (5): 304-7.
  17. ^ R. Wahl, E. Kallee: Decontamination puts meat in a pickle. In: Nature. Volume 323, Number 6085, 1986 Sep 18-24, pp. 208, ISSN  0028-0836 . doi: 10.1038 / 323208b0 . PMID 3762671 .
  18. ↑ GW: A lovable person and an experienced lawyer - Farewell to District Court Director Dr. Kallee. In: Heilbronn voice. Saturday May 12, 1951.
  19. ↑ Heinz Krämer: "Ready Feuerbach! Richard Kallee, pastor and historical researcher," DRW Verlag, Leinfelden-Echterdingen, 2004, ISBN 3-87181-016-9 .
personal data
SURNAME Kallee, Ekkehard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kallee, Ekkehard Albert Hermann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German nuclear medicine specialist, endocrinologist and professor of internal medicine
DATE OF BIRTH January 30, 1922
PLACE OF BIRTH Feuerbach
DATE OF DEATH December 11, 2012
Place of death Tübingen