elementary OS

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
elementary OS
Elementary OS logo.svg
Scrivania di elementary OS 5.0 Juno.png
The desktop of elementary OS Juno, with the desktop environment Pantheon.
developer Daniel Fore ( DanRabbit ) and others
License (s) GNU GPL v2
First publ. March 31, 2011
Current  version 5.1.6 (July 1, 2020)
Kernel monolithic
ancestry GNU / Linux
↳ Debian
↳ Ubuntu
↳ elementary OS
Architecture (s) x86 , x64 from 0.4 only x64
timeline 5.1.2 "Hera"
5.0 "Juno"
0.4.1 "Loki"
0.3.2 "Freya"
0.2 "Luna"
0.1 "Jupiter"
Languages) multilingual
elementary.io

Elementary is a free software project created in 2007 that originally put together a collection of programs and designs for Ubuntu that were heavily based on the “ look and feel ” of macOS . Since March 2011 there has been a separate Ubuntu-based Linux distribution under the name elementary OS .

Elementary OS

Elementary OS is an Ubuntu- based Linux distribution with the aim of providing standard programs that are easy to use, so that the user is less dependent on using the terminal.

A unique aspect of elementary OS is its commitment to native GTK + programs. Unlike other Linux distributions (Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and others) that include cross-platform applications like Mozilla Firefox or LibreOffice , the Elementary team decided that all programs should use the same widget for consistency, build size, and speed -Toolkit should have. The consistent introduction of lesser known programs such as the word processor AbiWord and the spreadsheet program Gnumeric led to conflicts between some developers.

The first stable version, codenamed "Jupiter", was released on March 31, 2011. It contains only four programs from the elementary project that were stable at the time of publication: Postler, Dexter, Nautilus-elementary, and Lingo. It also contains two programs that are influenced by the elementary project: Midori and Docky. All unimportant daemons and services have been removed, making it faster than Ubuntu, on which it is based.

Elementary project

The elementary project consists of a number of sub-projects. Some of them are what-if experiments, while others are mature and widely used. Its developers predominantly prefer the programming language Vala and the GUI toolkit GTK + 3. Nowadays, all software projects of the project (including the scripts that are used to compile elementary OS) are hosted on Canonical's Launchpad service .

Active projects

  • The Pantheon desktop environment , which is composed of Pantheon Wallpaper, Pantheon Terminal, Plank, Wingpanel and Switchboard, among others.
  • The elementary symbol theme, created on September 21, 2007
  • eGTK , a GTK + theme and a window manager theme, created on April 11, 2008
  • (Pantheon) Files , a file manager that broke off from Marlin on May 7, 2012.
  • Lingo (previously Purple ), a dictionary program, created on January 24, 2011
  • Dexter , an address book application
  • Maya , a simple calendar program that can synchronize with Google Calendar and other CalDAV calendars
  • elementary Code (formerly Scratch ), a text editor with a built-in terminal, color highlighting for numerous programming languages ​​and support for plugins
  • Noise , a simple music management and playback program
  • Slingshot , a program starter
  • Wingpanel , a replacement for the traditional Gnome panel, developed as a lightweight container for system or program indicators and notification symbols
  • (Pantheon) Terminal , a replacement for the Gnome Terminal
  • Switchboard , a modular system management panel that can be extended by third party developers
  • Contractor , an interface that allows communication and the execution of services between applications
  • Cerbere , a watchdog for applications like plank and wingpanel, which provide basics in Pantheon
  • Eidete , a lightweight desktop recording software
  • Dropoff , an application for easily sharing files
  • (Pantheon) Notify , a simple notification service for messages from programs
  • Gala , a simple window manager that sits on top of Mother's library and combines it with clutter graphics effects

Finished projects

  • Sezen , a proof-of-concept file manager and gnome panel applet that offers integration with Zeitgeist , created on April 7, 2010
  • Dash , another file manager, created on March 30, 2010
  • eGDM , a GDM screen, created on March 31, 2009. Does not work at the moment because of the new theme system in GDM.
  • Nautilus-elementary , a version of Nautilus with a revised interface, created on March 5th, 2010. It has a stable version and is part of elementary OS 0.1. Was later replaced in favor of Marlin and is no longer developed.
  • Rhythm-e and Rhythmarty , a patch and an extension for the Rhythmbox audio player ; was later replaced in favor of Noise (formerly known as BeatBox).
  • Postler , an e-mail program , created on July 6, 2010. The further development was discontinued in favor of Geary due to additional work in the still small team.

Projects split off from the elementary team

In 2012, some software projects split off from the elementary team due to differences of opinion between the main authors of the software and the elementary team. The main authors of the software who want to split off from the team with their software usually cite a compulsion on the part of the elementary program guidelines as the reason. These guidelines, called Human Interface Guidelines (HIG), prescribe, among other things, how a program should behave and describe in detail the interface of an ideal elementary program.

The first project was BeatBox, which became the fork noise. The software Marlin later became the Fork (Pantheon) Files from the author ammonkey, who also created Nautilus elementary.

Postponed projects

  • AppCenter , a replacement for the Ubuntu Software Center
  • DevKit , a simple and intuitive GUI toolkit for developers that makes use of the “desktop as your IDE ” principle , with strong launchpad integration and a focus on automating repetitive development-related tasks

Affected projects

Various other projects have been heavily influenced by elementary or developed in collaboration with the elementary team:

  • The Docky team works closely with the Elementary team to develop the Dock Plank .
  • The last versions of the Midori have been heavily influenced by elementary designers.
  • Strip , a comic book viewing program, is being developed in collaboration with the elementary team.
  • The minimalist music playback program Pogo was influenced by the elementary project.
  • The video player Audience was heavily influenced by the elementary project. It may become part of the elementary project.
  • The user interface of the Geary e-mail program was heavily influenced by the elementary project, which is why it was also used as the standard e-mail program in elementary Freya.

The project in public

The elementary symbol theme is very popular among Gnome users. It's the second most downloaded from OpenDesktop.org, the largest collection of icon themes for Gnomes. The most downloaded icon theme, GNOME-colors, was inspired by the elementary icon theme.

The elementary symbol theme has a great influence on the design of free software: The standard symbol theme from Ubuntu version 9.10 and higher, Humanity, is a derivative of elementary; there are several suggested icon themes for LibreOffice that are based on or have been influenced by elementary. Many other user interface themes adopted or were inspired by parts of the Elementary project.

The elementary project is often referred to as a rapidly evolving desktop environment and is on a par with established projects such as Gnome and KDE .

Versions

version Code name Base publication End of support annotation
Older version; no longer supported: 0.1 Jupiter Ubuntu 10.10 March 31, 2011 August 2013
Older version; no longer supported: 0.2 Luna Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (precise) August 10, 2013 April 2015
Older version; no longer supported: 0.3 Freya Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (trusty) April 11, 2015
Older version; no longer supported: 0.3.1 3rd September 2015
Older version; no longer supported: 0.3.2 December 9, 2015
Older version; still supported: 0.4 Loki Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (xenial) September 9, 2016
Older version; still supported: 0.4.1 Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS (xenial) 17th May 2017
Older version; still supported: 5.0 Juno Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (bionic) October 16, 2018
Older version; still supported: 5.1 Hera Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (bionic) 3rd December 2019
Current version: 5.1.2 5th February 2020
Current version: 5.1.3 April 5, 2020
Current version: 5.1.4 1st May 2020
Current version: 5.1.6 July 1, 2020
Future version: 6.0 Odin Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal)
Legend:
Older version; no longer supported
Older version; still supported
Current version
Current preliminary version
Future version
  • Screenshots

  • Freya

  • Freya

criticism

Since elementary OS Loki , the operating system has blocked the independent installation of third-party packages via the graphical user interface or terminal by default. This blockade restricts the freedom and choice of programs of the users. On the other hand, the security of the system should be improved. Installation via terminal with the appropriate command line tools is possible.

Web links

Commons : Elementary OS  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Keli Grubb: New Hera ISO Available for Download. February 5, 2020, accessed on February 5, 2020 .
  2. ↑ elementary OS 'Jupiter' released, reviewed
  3. ↑ Symbol theme for Gnome-Look ( memento of the original from June 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / gnome-look.org
  4. ↑ GNOME-colors with GNOME Look
  5. ↑ Humanity Symbol Theme
  6. ↑ LibreOffice Icon Design Approval Wiki Page
  7. ↑ An example of this can be found in a blog post by Jono Bacon , the Ubuntu community manager
  8. ↑ ElementaryOS 0.4 Loki fails across the board. Retrieved February 25, 2017 .

Projects

  1. ↑ elementary theme 2.5 released
  2. ↑ Meet 'Files,' the Latest elementary App ( Memento from July 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ^ Purple: a new Dictionary app from the elementary project
  4. ↑ Meet Dexter - elementary's new address book app
  5. ^ Maya in Launchpad
  6. ↑ Scratch in Launchpad
  7. ↑ Noise at IloveUbuntu.net ( Memento of the original from May 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Implementation @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / iloveubuntu.net
  8. ↑ elementary's Slingshot and Plank apps - just what are they and why
  9. ↑ Wingpanel updates: now less wing, more panel
  10. ↑ Pantheon Terminal in Launchpad
  11. ↑ Switchboard in Launchpad
  12. ↑ Contractor brings seamless file sharing between apps to the Linux desktop
  13. ↑ Cerbere in Launchpad
  14. ↑ Eidete in Launchpad
  15. ↑ Dropoff in Launchpad
  16. ↑ An article about Pantheon Notify at webupd8.org
  17. ↑ Gala Review at WorldofGnome.org ( memento of the original from September 20, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / worldofgnome.org
  18. ^ Nautilus-elementary is dead, long live 'Marlin'
  19. ↑ Phew! Nautilus-elementary revived in time for Ubuntu Natty
  20. ^ Rhythm-e by ~ ammonkey on deviantART
  21. ^ Postler: elementary's new mail client
  22. ↑ Design Philosophy ( Memento from July 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  23. ↑ GEARY: YORBA WORKING ON A NEW LIGHTWEIGHT EMAIL CLIENT FOR GNOME Design philosophy of elementary programs
  24. ↑ More info on noise? More info about noise at elementary Answers
  25. ↑ Is Pantheon Files a fork of Marlin? Is Files a Fork of Marlin ?, at elementary Answers
  26. ↑ AppCenter in Launchpad
  27. ↑ DevKit in Launchpad
  28. ↑ Strip in Launchpad
  29. ^ Pogo in Launchpad
  30. ↑ Audience in Launchpad
  31. ↑ Geary Review at makeuseof.com

Publications

  1. ↑ Cassidy James Blaede: Introducing elementary OS 5.1 Hera. December 3, 2019, accessed January 20, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Keli Grubb: New Hera ISO Available for Download. February 5, 2020, accessed on February 5, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Cassidy James Blaede: Hera Updates for March, 2020. April 5, 2020, accessed on May 15, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Cassidy James Blaede: Hera Updates for April, 2020. May 1, 2020, accessed on May 15, 2020 (English).
  5. ↑ Cassidy James Blaede: Hera Updates for June, 2020. July 1, 2020, accessed on August 22, 2020 .