Emanuel Samuel

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Emanuel Osmund

Emanuel Samuel , also Emanuel Mandel Samuel jr. , from 1814 Emanuel Osmund , in Hebrew Menachem ben Schmuel (born June 6, 1766 in Altenkunstadt ; died October 24, 1842 in Bayreuth ) was a Jewish banker, merchant and scholar who was one of the long-time friends and supporters of the romantic poet Jean Paul counted.

Life

Origin and youth

Samuel was the son of the dealer Samuel Enzel (1733-1814) from Uehlfeld near Erlangen and his wife Rösel (1736-1808; also: Rösle, daughter of Mendel Segal). The family moved to Bayreuth in 1767, where the father became known as a peddler under the name "Bänder-Schmul" and brought it to prosperity. Son Samuel initially traded “cutting goods” himself and rented a shoemaker Hering in Bayreuth. The very good-looking, enterprising, educated, but rough Samuel, also Mandel Samuel jr. called, met on February 22, 1793 with the daughter of baron Johann Christoph Heinrich Wilhelm von Lindenfels in his house. The aristocrat's drunk sons, both officers, were outraged, grabbed their sabers and injured the Jew so badly that his life was in danger. As a result of the abuse, he remained hard of hearing throughout his life and was dependent on an ear tube. The subsequent process for insult and abuse dragged on for six years until 1799 and was ultimately brought before the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. brought. Samuel's lawyer, Philipp Heinrich Nürnberger (also: Nürmberger) allegedly made himself “unfit for trial” through his own fault (details are not known) and thereby caused his client considerable damage. Apparently, Samuel fell victim to an anti-Semitic assault and a subsequent judicial scandal.

Family and business

In 1799 Samuel received a letter of protection in Bayreuth and was then allowed to buy the house and land. He lived at Friedrichstrasse 6 or 8. With an estimated fortune of 60,000 guilders , which he had acquired through bills of exchange , he was one of the richest citizens of the city and the principality . Due to the Bavarian Edict of Jews (1813) , all Jews had to adopt an unchangeable family name. The poet Jean Paul made several suggestions for "old German" names (including Ewald, Ernst, Odo, Friedanol, Erdrik, Adwin, Athulf) in a hasty message dated November 26, 1813, from which these were apparently within 24 hours Osmund chose ("protector", corresponds to the Anglo-Saxon Osmond - protector of the house). Apparently Jean Paul had resorted to “old German” names with ironic intent, because on November 28, 1813 he wrote to Samuel: “I would be very grateful if the authorities would attack you and ask why you didn't choose a proper German name, but rather a stranger ”? With reference to his business name "Mandel", which is common in Bayreuth, Samuel liked to symbolically add almonds when he wrote to Jean Paul or sent money. On November 26, 1816, at the age of 50, Samuel married Flora Blümle, born in Fürth in 1790 (born 1790), daughter of Gabriel Hirsch Benda from Galicia . Both had several children: Therese Rösel (born 1817), Benno Bendit (born 1818), Henriette (born 1820), Ida Jettel (born 1820), Adelgunde Rachel Chaja (born 1823) and Samuel Leopold (born 1820). 1826). Ida Jettel married the reform rabbi Joseph Aub , who lived in Mainz and later in Berlin .

Samuel ran real estate business on a grand scale. In 1815 he acquired the Weiher, Neidenstein, Freienfels and Kainach manors from the over-indebted nobleman Friedrich Wilhelm von Aufseß . In order to obtain the associated jurisdiction, the merchant applied in 1819 to be raised to the nobility . In Döhlau in Upper Franconia , he is said to have ensured that wasteland became fertile arable land, which is said to have alleviated a famine in 1817. Samuel is also said to have benefited from the destruction of the Scheyern monastery near Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm in 1832. He died at the age of 77 of " flapping flow due to the marasmus ".

Friendship with Jean Paul

In September 1793 the writer Jean Paul Friedrich Richter made the acquaintance of Emanuel Samuel during a stay in Bayreuth. In his first letter to Samuel, dated October 30, 1794, the poet wrote: “It is good for my poor soul that you are reading me, dear! You and I belong together - our acquaintance is brief, but our relationship is eternal. My soul is not an echo of yours, but echo and sound flow together when they are close to each other, in physics and in friendship ”. Jean Paul pointed out to Samuel that he had called the person of his novel Hesperus or 45 Dog Posting Days , to which his "greatest love" belonged, Emanuel. The merchant is said to have reacted to Jean Paul with “shy reluctance” at first, but soon became his close friend and supporter. For example, Samuel regularly delivered Bayreuth beer to the poet's whereabouts in Coburg and Meiningen and paid for clothes, an apartment, and even paper and pens. In addition, Samuel was Jean Paul's advisor in all financial and family matters, less in literary matters ( Georg Christian Otto , the poet's second close friend, was responsible for this ). The two exchanged numerous letters over a period of thirty years, until Jean Paul's death in 1825 (he died in the presence of Emanuel Osmund) and visited each other almost daily after the writer had moved to Bayreuth in 1804. In 1803 Jean Paul named his son after his friend: Maximilian Ernst Emanuel Richter. Samuel, who was interested in many things, maintained a regular exchange of views with Johann Gottfried Herder , the philologist and violinist Paul Emil Thieriot, and the lawyer and diplomat Karl August von Wangenheim .

Epitaph

The following praise, partly composed by himself, can be read on the tombstone of Emanuel Samuel:

“Here rests a wise man, full of knowledge and awe of the eternal, mildness and truth in his heart, righteousness and faithfulness his way; it is the lovable, the master, Mr. Menachem, son of Shmuel, called Emanuel Osmund, who died day 2, 20. Cheshvan 603. Do not weep for this dead man, ›for he entered into peace, rests on his bed,‹ weep for the fools, for his life is a bad life. This, so the command from your mouth, should be written on your tomb. Even if this stone does not announce your deeds, your memory is engraved on the heart tablets of the people. They tell of your excessive praise, that is why silence is good, it will bring you glory. Let his soul be tied into the bundle of life. "

literature

  • Christine Bartholomäus: From Emanuel Osmond to Hilde Marx. Biographical sketches of selected Jewish personalities from Bayreuth . In: Society for Christian-Jewish Cooperation Bayreuth (ed.): Jüdisches Bayreuth . Ellwanger, Bayreuth 2010, ISBN 978-3-925361-81-4 , pp. 105-118 .
  • Ernst Förster (ed.): Memories from the life of Jean Paul Friedrich Richter , to celebrate his centenary birthday, 1st volume, 1st section: Jeans Paul's correspondence with his friend Emanuel Osmund , Munich 1863

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Christine Bartholomäus: From Emanuel Osmond to Hilde Marx . In: Society for Christian-Jewish Cooperation Bayreuth (ed.): Jüdisches Bayreuth . Ellwanger, Bayreuth 2010, ISBN 978-3-925361-81-4 , pp. 105 ff .
  2. ^ The ambiguity of Jewish existence at obermain.de, accessed on January 9, 2019
  3. ↑ a b Epidat - epigraphic database at steinheim-institut.de, accessed on January 10, 2019
  4. ↑ Peter Jungblut: A demonized life , Berlin 2015, p. 411.
  5. ↑ Files in the Bayreuth City Archives, 6099 X 3, Bayreuth No. 375
  6. ↑ 26th Living and Dying in Bayreuth - Moving Marathon at jeanpaulweg.com, accessed on January 10, 2019
  7. ↑ a b Ernst Förster (Ed.): Memories from the life of Jean Paul Friedrich Richter , to celebrate his centenary birthday, 1st volume, 1st department, Munich 1863, p. 257.
  8. ↑ Ernst Förster (ed.): Memories from the life of Jean Paul Friedrich Richter , to celebrate his centenary birthday, 1st volume, 1st section: Jeans Paul's correspondence with his friend Emanuel Osmund , Munich 1863, p. 1.
  9. ^ Ernst Förster (ed.): Memories from the life of Jean Paul Friedrich Richter , to celebrate his centenary birthday, Volume 1, Department 1: Jeans Paul's correspondence with his friend Emanuel Osmund , Munich 1863, p. VII.
  10. ↑ Ernst Förster (ed.): Memories from the life of Jean Paul Friedrich Richter , to celebrate his centenary birthday, 1st volume, 1st department, Munich 1863, p. IX.
personal data
SURNAME Samuel, Emanuel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Samuel, Emanuel Mandel junior (full name); Osmund, Emanuel; Shmuel, Menachem ben
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Jewish banker, merchant and scholar
DATE OF BIRTH June 6, 1766
PLACE OF BIRTH Altenkunstadt
DATE OF DEATH October 24, 1842
Place of death Bayreuth