Emil Gotschlich

Emil Gotschlich (born March 28, 1870 in Beuthen OS ; died December 19, 1949 in Heidelberg ) was a German doctor and hygienist .

biography

Life

Emil Carl Anton Constantin Gotschlich was born in 1879 as the son of the senior high school teacher Dr. Emil Gotschlich and his wife Marie Luise Gotschlich were born in Beuthen in Upper Silesia . Emil Gotschlich Jr. attended the humanistic grammar school in Neisse (dto. Upper Silesia). He studied medicine at the University of Wroclaw . In 1894 he was approved in Breslau and received his doctorate with a thesis on questions of metabolic rate in the striated muscles . He then worked under Carl Flügge at the Hygiene Institute at the University of Breslau.

Robert Koch proposed the young Emil Gotschlich as director of the municipal health department in Alexandria (Egypt) as early as 1896 . Gotschlich worked here until he was expelled from Egypt at the beginning of the First World War. During his time in Alexandria Gotschlich was Egypt's representative at the International Health and Quarantine Council. In 1903 he was given the Prussian title of "Professor". The first handbook contributions on the morphology and biology of pathogenic microorganisms appeared in Alexandria. Gotschlich also researched the origins of the plague in Egypt. He came to slightly different results with regard to the virulence of the plague pathogen than the Japanese bacteriologist Kitasato .

After his return to the German Reich, Gotschlich represented the director of the Hygiene Institute at the Martin Luther University in Halle in the first half of 1915 , after which he held this position in Saarbrücken. There he also became a medical adviser for the local army corps . Between April 1, 1917 and March 31, 1926 Gotschlich was a full professor of hygiene and director of the Hygiene Institute at the University of Giessen . In April 1926 he accepted an appointment in the same capacity at the University of Heidelberg . On November 22, 1929 Gotschlich gave the rector's speech at the university's annual celebration on the subject of “Hygiene, Civilization and Culture”, in which he referred to the interdisciplinary nature of the subject “Hygiene” he represented. In this rectorate speech Gotschlich also dealt with the housing misery in Germany, the representations of which Heinrich Zille and Käthe Kollwitz had impressed Emil Gotschlich. Gotschlich also devoted some considerations to the decline in the birth rate in Germany, which began during the German Empire.

In 1926 he was elected a full member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and in 1928 a member of the Leopoldina .

After his retirement in 1935 Gotschlich took over the post of director of the Central Hygiene Institute at Ankara University . He rehabilitated the water supply in Ankara and published in the "Turkish Journal for Hygiene and Experimental Biology". In 1941 he returned to Germany and represented the scientist Ernst Rodenwaldt at the Heidelberg Hygiene Institute. Gotschlich died of a stroke in December 1949. In 1950 Horst Habs , a student of Gotschlich, took over the Heidelberg Hygiene Institute. Heinrich Kliewe (1892–1969) and Max Gundel (1901–1949) are also named as Gotschlich's pupils.

The American doctor Emil C. Gotschlich , (specialized in bacteriology and immunology) is one of Emil Gotschlich's numerous grandchildren. Emil C. Gotschlich received the Lasker ~ DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award in 1978 .

Research priorities

Emil Gotschlich's scientific work mainly included epidemiology and practical hygiene. He did research in the field of infectious diseases such as plague , cholera , typhus and Malta fever . He dealt with the special challenges of the tropical climate. He was able to prove that the plague pathogen Yersinia pestis remains virulent in the sputum for weeks after the disease has healed . His research also provided crucial information about the role of the rat in spreading the plague. Gotschlich researched the prophylaxis of infectious diseases as well as bacteriological questions of disinfection. In Gotschlich's opinion, hygiene as the science of environmental factors should take into account all relevant civilizational and cultural aspects.

Publications

with Walter Schürmann : Guide to microparasitology and serology, with special consideration of the examination methods taught in the bacteriological courses , Springer Verlag, Berlin 1920
Milk, dairy products and edible fats . In: Handbook of hygienic investigation methods 2, Fischer Verlag, Jena 1927, pp. 522-659
Hygiene, civilization and culture. Rector's speech at the annual celebration of Heidelberg University on November 22, 1929 , Heidelberger Universitätsreden ed. from the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 8, Winter Universitätsverlag, Heidelberg 1929. Gotschlich: Hygiene, civilization and culture.
Hygiene in modern Turkey. In: Meeting reports of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, mat.-nat. Class, Vol. 1942, 1, Weiss, Heidelberg 1943, pp. 3-16

literature

Olpp, Gottlieb: Outstanding tropical doctors in words and pictures , Verlag der Ärztlichen Rundschau Gmelin, Munich 1932, p. 158
Gnädig, Nicole: Emil Gotschlich (1870-1949) and the scientific hygiene , dissertation Institute for the History of Medicine (today: History and Ethics of Medicine) of the University of Heidelberg, Wolfgang U. Eckart , University Library Heidelberg October 21, 1999, Abstract Diss. Gracious, Nicole
Brecht, Olga: Typhus research in World War I as reflected in the German and Munich medical weekly , dissertation Institute for the History of Medicine (today: History and Ethics of Medicine) of the University of Heidelberg, Wolfgang U. Eckart , Heidelberg University Library 2008, p. 87. Table of contents Diss. Olga Brecht
German biography: German biography Emil Gotschlich author Eduard Seidler

Individual evidence

^ Nicole Gnädig: Emil Gotschlich (1870-1949) and the scientific hygiene , dissertation Institute for the history of medicine, University of Heidelberg, 1999, here: Gotschlichs Childhood and his family, p. 12; Gotschlich's publications at the University of Breslau pp. 68–72.
↑ Georg Sticker : Treatises from epidemic history and epidemic theory , Volume I: The plague , second part: The plague as a plague and as a plague , Alfred Töpelmann Gießen 1908, page 50.
^ Hans-Günther Sonntag and Axel W. Bauer: 100 Years of the Hygiene Institute at Heidelberg University (1892-1992) , pp. 60–69. Online resource 100 years of the Hygiene Institute in Heidelberg
^ Emil Gotschlich: Hygiene Civilization and Culture, Rector's speech at the university's annual celebration on November 22 , 1929 , Heidelberg 1929 Carl Winter's University Bookstore, depicted on housing misery by Heinrich Zille and Käthe Kollwitz p. 20, on the decline in births p. 24. Gotschlich: Hygiene civilization and culture.

↑ Prof. Dr. Emil Gotschlich. Member entry at the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences , accessed on March 25, 2016 .

^ Member entry by Emil Gotschlich at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on March 25, 2016.

↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart, Volker Sellin, Eike Wolgast: The University of Heidelberg under National Socialism , here: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann on Emil Gotschlich in chap. 6: 3 Hygiene, Springer Berlin HD 2006, p. 697 ff. ISBN 978-3-540-39385-6 .

↑ Hans-Günther Sonntag : Hygiene Institute, in: Gotthard Schettler (Ed.): The Heidelberg University Hospital and its Institutes , Springer Berlin Heidelberg 1986, p. 42.

personal data
SURNAME	Gotschlich, Emil
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German doctor and hygienist
DATE OF BIRTH	March 28, 1870
PLACE OF BIRTH	Beuthen OS
DATE OF DEATH	December 19, 1949
Place of death	Heidelberg

[1] Nicole Gnädig: Emil Gotschlich (1870-1949) and the scientific hygiene , dissertation Institute for the history of medicine, University of Heidelberg, 1999, here: Gotschlichs Childhood and his family, p. 12; Gotschlich's publications at the University of Breslau pp. 68–72.

[2] Georg Sticker : Treatises from epidemic history and epidemic theory , Volume I: The plague , second part: The plague as a plague and as a plague , Alfred Töpelmann Gießen 1908, page 50.

[3] Hans-Günther Sonntag and Axel W. Bauer: 100 Years of the Hygiene Institute at Heidelberg University (1892-1992) , pp. 60–69. Online resource 100 years of the Hygiene Institute in Heidelberg

[4] Emil Gotschlich: Hygiene Civilization and Culture, Rector's speech at the university's annual celebration on November 22 , 1929 , Heidelberg 1929 Carl Winter's University Bookstore, depicted on housing misery by Heinrich Zille and Käthe Kollwitz p. 20, on the decline in births p. 24. Gotschlich: Hygiene civilization and culture.

[5] Prof. Dr. Emil Gotschlich. Member entry at the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences , accessed on March 25, 2016 .

[6] Member entry by Emil Gotschlich at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on March 25, 2016.

[7] Wolfgang U. Eckart, Volker Sellin, Eike Wolgast: The University of Heidelberg under National Socialism , here: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann on Emil Gotschlich in chap. 6: 3 Hygiene, Springer Berlin HD 2006, p. 697 ff. ISBN 978-3-540-39385-6 .

[8] Hans-Günther Sonntag : Hygiene Institute, in: Gotthard Schettler (Ed.): The Heidelberg University Hospital and its Institutes , Springer Berlin Heidelberg 1986, p. 42.