Heinrich Kliewe

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Heinrich Franz Kliewe (born September 7, 1892 in Beckum , † December 28, 1969 in Mainz ) was a German bacteriologist , hygienist and university professor who was an expert in biological warfare .

Life

Heinrich Kliewe was the son of the businessman Heinrich Kliewe and his wife Ida, née Hunke. After graduating from school , he studied medicine, natural sciences and philosophy at the universities of Vienna , Münster , Heidelberg , Munich and Giessen from 1911 to 1922 ; interrupted due to military service during the First World War . Since 1919 he was a member of the Catholic student association KDStV Sauerlandia Münster . Kliewe was approved after completing his studies in 1922 and in 1923 in Gießen was awarded a Dr. med. PhD . He then worked at the Hygiene Institute in Gießen until the beginning of 1946. In 1926 he completed his habilitation in hygiene and bacteriology at the University of Heidelberg. He then became head of the Hessian Investigation Office for Infectious Diseases in Gießen and was promoted to Medical Council and later to Senior Medical Council. From 1928 he carried out lectureships as a private lecturer at the University of Giessen, where he was appointed associate professor in 1931. After Philalethes Kuhn's retirement , he was briefly head of the Gießen Hygiene Institute . In 1939 he was appointed adjunct professor in Giessen.

After the National Socialists came to power , he joined the NSDAP at the beginning of April 1933 (membership number 1,662,635). Furthermore, from 1933 he belonged to the SA , where he rose to the rank of Sturmbannführer , and was also a member of the Nazi lecturers' association .

After the beginning of the Second World War , Kliewe was drafted into the Wehrmacht , but was classified as unfit for military service. He then moved to the Military Medical Academy in Berlin , where he was initially employed at the local hygiene institute. Shortly afterwards, he was assigned jobs at the hygiene institutes in Gdansk and in German-occupied Poland ( Krakow and Warsaw ). In Warsaw, Kliewe at the State Hygiene Institute was tasked with "investigating Polish and Jewish weapons sabotage". When a research laboratory for biological warfare was discovered in German-occupied Paris after the western campaign , Kliewe was commissioned to investigate this institution. He found out that research there was primarily into the spread of animal pathogens . In mid-January 1941 he was sent to the Military Medical Academy in Berlin to “deal with all questions of biological war”. In addition, he worked as a consultant for the Army Medical Inspection and headed Section VIIc (special issues) of the gas protection department (Wa Prüf 9) of the Army Weapons Office . At first he held the rank of senior war physician and later senior staff physician. At the Hygienic-Bacteriological Institute of the Military Medical Academy, he headed the Kliewe department , which, however, had few staff and was insufficiently equipped. His main focus was on "the synergistic effect of chemical weapons and anthrax bacteria". Furthermore he devised u. a. the ideas of contaminating bombs with anthrax spores or spraying them from airplanes , throwing pest-infected rats from airplanes and spreading pathogens in water reservoirs. In May / June 1942 Kliewe received the information "that the Führer had recently decided that the use of bacteria was not intended". In cooperation with the Luftwaffe , Kliewe carried out the first field tests for protective procedures against biological weapons in the Munster camp in July 1942. He continued to research the use of biological warfare agents for sabotage in the event that Hitler would change his mind about biological warfare. From March 1943 he belonged to the newly founded working group lightning rods for the defense against biological weapons . In 1944, Kliewe was appointed to the scientific advisory board of the authorized representative for health care Karl Brandt .

After the end of the war, Kliewe wrote an affidavit for Kurt Blome, who was accused in the Nuremberg doctors' trial . In 1946, Kliewe accepted an appointment at the University of Mainz , where he worked as a full professor of hygiene and bacteriology and director of the local hygiene institute. In 1960 he retired . In 1960 he was awarded the Great Federal Cross of Merit. Since March 1925 he was married to Anneliese, nee Arnold. The couple had four daughters.

Fonts (selection)

  • On the bacteriology of the inflammatory changes in the biliary tract, especially d. Cholecystitis , Giessen 1922, from: Zeitschrift f. Hygiene and Infectious disease Vol. 96 (at the same time Giessen University, medical dissertation, 1923)
  • The infectious diseases, their microbiol. Diagnostics u. Therapy, as well as measures to prevent it: a brief guide f. Students and Practical doctors , JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1926 (together with Otto Huntemüller )
  • Guide to disinfection and disinfestation , Enke, Stuttgart 1937 (1943 and 1951 revised new editions)
  • On the development-inhibiting and germicidal effects of drugs containing tannins , H. Weiß, Berlin 1939 (together with Hans Joachim Hillenbrand)
  • Wine and health: a medical u. folk. Study, Meininger , Neustadt / Weinstr. 1962 (reissued in 1965, 1969 and 1981)
  • Textbook biological warfare agents: (application and protection options) , Federal Air Protection Association, Cologne 1963 (together with Joachim Albrecht)

literature

  • Klaus Dörner (ed.): The Nuremberg Medical Trial 1946/47. Verbal transcripts, prosecution and defense material, sources on the environment. Index tape for the microfiche edition . On behalf of the Hamburg Foundation for Social History of the 20th Century. German edition, microfiche edition. Saur, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-598-32028-0 .
  • Erhard Geißler : Biological weapons - not in Hitler's arsenals. Biological and toxin weapons in Germany from 1915 to 1945. Lit, Münster 1999, ISBN 3-8258-2955-3 .
  • Erhard Geißler: Anthrax and the failure of the secret services , Homilius, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-89706-889-3 .
  • Sigrid Oehler-Klein (Ed.): The Medical Faculty of the University of Giessen during National Socialism and in the post-war period. People and institutions, upheavals and continuities (= The Medical Faculty of the University of Giessen , Volume 2). Steiner, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-515-09043-8 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Who is who? : the German Who's Who , Volume 16, Arani, 1970, p. 638
  2. ^ Justus Liebig University Giessen: Ludwig University, Justus Liebig University, 1607-1957: Festschrift for the 350th anniversary , 1957, p. 468
  3. ↑ a b The Public Health Service , Volume 24, 1962, p. 403
  4. ↑ History of the Institute for Medical Microbiology in Gießen (until 2000)
  5. ↑ Sigrid Oehler-Klein (Ed.): The Medical Faculty of the University of Gießen during National Socialism and in the post-war period. People and institutions, upheavals and continuities , Stuttgart 2007, p. 617
  6. ↑ a b c The Nuremberg Medical Trial 1946/47. Verbal transcripts, prosecution and defense material, sources on the environment. Index tape for the microfiche edition . On behalf of the Hamburg Foundation for Social History of the 20th Century. German edition, microfiche edition, Munich 2000, p. 112
  7. ^ A b Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 316
  8. ^ Friedrich Hansen: Biological warfare in the Third Reich. Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1993, p. 83
  9. ^ Friedrich Hansen: Biological warfare in the Third Reich. Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1993, p. 99
  10. ↑ Quoted from Erhard Geißler: Anthrax and the failure of the secret services , Berlin 2003, p. 123
  11. ↑ Erhard Geissler: Biological weapons - not in Hitler's arsenals. Biological and toxin weapons in Germany from 1915 to 1945. , Münster 1999, p. 301
  12. ↑ Erhard Geissler: Biological weapons - not in Hitler's arsenals. Biological and toxin weapons in Germany from 1915 to 1945. , Münster 1999, p. 302
  13. ↑ Erhard Geißler: Anthrax and the failure of the secret services , Berlin 2003, p. 121
  14. ↑ Erhard Geißler: Anthrax and the failure of the secret services , Berlin 2003, p. 123
  15. ↑ Erhard Geißler: Anthrax and the failure of the secret services , Berlin 2003, p. 123 f.
  16. ↑ Quoted from Erhard Geißler: Anthrax and the failure of the secret services , Berlin 2003, p. 135
  17. ↑ Erhard Geißler: Anthrax and the failure of the secret services , Berlin 2003, pp. 144, 151
  18. ↑ Erhard Geißler: Anthrax and the failure of the secret services , Berlin 2003, p. 145.
  19. ↑ World Who's Who in Science: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Scientists from Antiquity to the Present , Volume 2, 1968, p. 944


personal data
SURNAME Kliewe, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kliewe, Heinrich Franz (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German hygienist, bacteriologist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH September 7, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Beckum
DATE OF DEATH December 28, 1969
Place of death Mainz