Émile Fayolle

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Maréchal de France Emile Fayolle (1852-1928)

Marie Émile Fayolle (born May 14, 1852 in Le Puy-en-Velay , † August 27, 1928 in Paris ) was a French general and later Marshal of France .

Life

Marie Émile Fayolle graduated from the École polytechnique in 1873. He then joined the artillery force of the French Army as a lieutenant . After several military deployments, he was a teacher at the École supérieure de guerre from 1897 to 1908 . In 1914 he retired with the rank of brigadier general . After the outbreak of World War I , he was reactivated on the orders of the Commander in Chief of the French Army Joseph Joffre and appointed commander of the 70th Infantry Division. In February 1916 Fayolle was appointed commander of the 6th Army , with which he also took part in the Battle of the Somme . At the beginning of 1917 Fayolle was appointed commander of the 1st Army .

When Robert Nivelle was replaced by Philippe Pétain in May 1917 , Fayolle was appointed commander of the Groupe d'Armées du Center ( Army Group ). After the Italian disaster on the occasion of the Battle of Caporetto , Fayolle became the commander in chief of the French troops in Italy on November 16, 1917. These had a strength of 6 divisions . In March 1918 he returned to France and became commander in chief of the Groupe d'Armées de Réserve . This unit of troops had a strength of 55 divisions , as mayor of this unit he took part in the second Battle of the Marne . He remained in this position until the end of the war in 1918.

With the surrender of Germany, the First World War came to an end on November 11, 1918. The armistice agreement stipulated the evacuation of the left bank of the Rhine with the bridgeheads Cologne, Koblenz and Mainz by German troops, as well as a ten kilometer wide neutral zone on the right bank of the Rhine. The retreating German troops were followed by Allied occupation forces. Rheinhessen was occupied by the French 10th Army . On December 9, 1918, the first major troop units arrived in Mainz . On December 14th, the commanding generals Fayolle and Mangin rode into the city. France again dreamed of a Rhenish republic .

After the end of the war, Fayolle became commander in chief of the occupation forces in the Rhineland . In 1921 Fayolle was appointed marshal.

Orders and awards

literature

  • Yvon Dubail, Émile Fayolle: La Guerre racontée par nos Généraux, Commandants de groupe d'Armees. Schwarz, Paris 1920–1921;
    • Volume 1: De Liége à Verdun. 1921.
    • Volume 2: De la Somme au Rhin. 1920.
    • Volume 3: Les bateilles de la déliverance. 1920.

Web links

Commons : Marie Émile Fayolle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gerhard Hirschfeld , Gerd Krumeich , Irina Renz (eds.): Encyclopedia First World War (= UTB . 8396). Again updated and expanded study edition, 2nd edition. Schöningh, Paderborn, 2014, ISBN 978-3-8252-8551-7 , p. 472.
personal data
SURNAME Fayolle, Émile
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Fayolle, Marie Émile (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French general and Marshal of France
DATE OF BIRTH May 14, 1852
PLACE OF BIRTH Le Puy-en-Velay
DATE OF DEATH August 27, 1928
Place of death Paris