Emilia Pardo Bazan

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Commissioned by the city of La Coruña, monument by the artist Lorenzo Coullaut Varela in Méndez Núñez Park

Emilia Pardo Bazán (born September 16, 1851 in A Coruña , † May 12, 1921 in Madrid ) was a Spanish writer and feminist .

Life

Emilia Pardo Bazan monument in Madrid.

Emilia Pardo Bazán grew up in Galicia in a wealthy family; her parents were José Pardo Bazán y Mosquera and Amelia de la Rúa Figueroa y Somoza. Her mother gave her an interest in literature. She started writing at the age of nine. In 1868, at the age of 17, she married the law student José Fernando Quiroga y Pérez de Deza. After her father was elected Member of the Spanish Parliament, the whole family including the young couple moved to Madrid. After the political turmoil that led to the temporary end of the monarchy in Spain, the father withdrew from politics and the family went to France. From here Emilia Pardo Bazán made numerous trips through Europe, learned English and German and discovered French literature, which was to have a strong influence on her.

After returning to Spain, her literary work began with a literary work on Feijoo , for which she received her first prize in an essay competition in Ourense in 1876 against her competitor Concepción Arenal . In the same year, the first of her three children was born, to whom she dedicated her only volume of poetry entitled Jaime .

Her first novel was Pascual López , which she wrote in the year her daughter Blanca was born. Because of a liver disease, she took a cure in Vichy in 1880 , where she got to know Zola's naturalism and met Victor Hugo . On her return she published a novel called Un viaje de novios , in which she processed her experiences in Vichy. Her prologue became famous, in which she pleaded for the combination of Spanish realism with French naturalism. In Spain the work caused a sensation; it was not believed that it was written by a woman and suspected a pseudonym behind her name. Her work Una cuestión palpitante ( An Acute Problem ) with theoretical articles on naturalism sparked a public scandal, which is why her husband asked her to quit her literary work. This resulted in a marriage crisis that led to her separation from her husband in 1884. That year she traveled to the world exhibition in Paris, where she came into contact with the literary circles; she associated with Mallarmé , Bourget , Barrès , with the Goncourts , Zola and Daudet .

Her third novel, La Tribuna (1882), is considered to be her first naturalistic work. In it, Pardo Bazán analyzes the milieu of the women workers in the tobacco factory in A Coruña . Also Benito Perez Galdos , with whom she for 20 years maintained a love affair, received documents via the Madrid beggar beings for his novel Misericordia .

During another trip to France in 1886 she met Émile Zola and got to know the Russian novel . This led her to work on a work entitled Revolution and Roman in Russia in 1887 , with which she initiated a wave of interest in Russian literature in Spain. At the Sorbonne in Paris she gave a lecture entitled “La España de ayer y la de hoy” (Spain yesterday and today) and, conversely, aroused interest in Spanish literature, which had previously been ignored. A number of authors ( Galdós , Palacio Valdés , Alarcón and Pardo Bazán himself) were then translated into French. During this time, other naturalistic and widely read novels such as Los pazos de Ulloa and La madre naturaleza were written , in which she describes her Galician homeland.

After the death of her father in 1890, she used the inheritance to found a magazine El Nuevo Teatro Crítico, which she published alone . In 1892 she was a member of the organizing committee of the "Congreso Pedagógico Iberoamericano", where she gave a lecture on "La educación del hombre y de la mujer: sus diferencias" (men's and women's education: differences). In the same year, under her leadership, the publication of a Biblioteca de la mujer (Library of Women) began.

Emilia Pardo Bazán fought for equal rights for women, especially in education, and unsuccessfully proposed the admission of a woman to the Real Academia de la Lengua Española . However, she was the first woman to become a member of the scholarly circle Ateneo de Madrid and in 1906 was the first woman to receive a professorship in literature at the University of Madrid, but only one student attended her lectures.

Emilia Pardo Bazán died in Madrid in 1921.

plant

Painting by Emilia Pardo Bazán, Joaquín Vaamonde Cornide

Emilia Pardo Bazán is considered to be the pioneer of naturalism in Spanish literature. It sparked a wide debate about this literary direction.

She was also one of the first feminists in Spain. In several articles she denounced the dominance of men in Spain and proposed reforms in favor of women. Influenced by the philosophical doctrine of Krausismo , which was influential in Spain , she complained that Spain was lagging behind other European countries in this area and called for the educational level of women to be brought into line with that of men.

Pardo Bazán coined a Spanish variant of naturalism: Although she spoke out against determinism and pornography , she defended dirty words and immoral situations in literature; one speaks of their “naturalismo mitigado” (softened, subdued naturalism). She always represents free will against the thought of predestination. What it opposes in French naturalism is threefold: 1. the exaggerated belief in science, 2. utilitarianism, and 3. the method of abstraction and the accumulation of details in most naturalistic writers. Internal contradictions arise in her work, as she tries to combine combative feminism with practicing Catholicism, conservative worldview and social engagement.

Catalog raisonné

Novels

  • Pascual López, Autobiografía de un estudiante de Medicina , 1879
  • Un viaje de novios , 1881/82
  • La tribuna , 1882
  • Los pazos de Ulloa , 1886 (German 1946: Das Gut Ulloa : Roman. Düsseldorf: Drei-Eulen-Verlag, 1946; newer edition: Das Gut von Ulloa . Translated from the Spanish and with an afterword by Ute Frackowiak. Zurich: Manesse -Verlag, 1993. (Manesse Library of World Literature). ISBN 3-7175-1830-5 ISBN 3-7175-1831-3 )
  • La madre Naturaleza , Barcelona: Editorial Daniel Cortezo, 1887
  • El Cisne de Vilamorta , 1885
  • Insolación , 1889
  • Morriña , 1889
  • Una cristiana , 1890
  • La prueba , 1890
  • La piedra angular , 1891
  • Doña Milagros , 1894
  • Adan y Eva. Memorias de un solterón , 1896
  • El tesoro de Gastón , 1897
  • El saludo de las brujas , 1898
  • La Quimera , 1905
  • La sirena negra , 1908
  • ¡Dulce sueño! , 1911
  • La gota de sangre (1st detective novel in Spain)

Stories and short stories

  • La dama joven , 1885
  • Cuentos de Marineda
  • Cuentos nuevos , 1894
  • Arco iris
  • Cuentos de amor
  • Cuentos sacroprofanos , 1899
  • Cuentos de Navidad y de Reyes
  • Un destripador de antaño , 1900
  • En tranvía , 1901
  • Novelas ejemplares , 1906
  • Cuentos trágicos
  • Sudexprés
  • Cuentos de la patria
  • Cuentos de la tierra
  • Cuentos antiguos
  • Belcebú , 1912
  • El árbol rosa (her last story), 1921

Poems

  • Jaime , 1881

Essays, biographies and other writings

  • Estudio crítico de las obras del padre Feijoo , 1876
  • La cuestión palpitante , 1882 (20 articles in La Época , book published in 1883)
  • La revolución y la novela en Rusia (series of lectures), 1887
  • San Francisco de Asís (Biography of the Saint), 1882
  • Mi romería , 1888 (on the Galician landscape)
  • De mi tierra
  • Al pie de la torre Eiffel
  • Biblioteca de la mujer , 1891
  • Nuevo Teatro Crítico , 1891–92
  • Polémicas y estudios literarios , 1892
  • Los poetas épicos cristianos , 1895
  • Por la España pintoresca
  • Cuarenta días en la Exposición
  • Santa Pulqueria - Virgen y Emperatriz (article in: Blanco y Negro, Revista Ilustrada, No 542, 21 Septiembre de 1901)
  • De siglo a siglo , 1902
  • Por la Europa católica
  • Misterio , 1903
  • Lecciones de literatura
  • La mujer espñola , 1907
  • El fondo del alma
  • Retratos y apuntes literarios
  • La literatura francesa moderna , 1910
  • La cocina española antigua , 1913
  • Hernán Cortés y sus hazañas , 1914
  • Porvenir de la literatura después de la guerra , 1917
  • P. Luis Coloma: A Biographical and Critical Study . Berlin: Vita, German publishing house (around 1895)

Plays

  • Teatro , 1909
  • La verdad, Cuesta abajo, Las raíces, Juventud, El becerro de metal, El vestido de boda, La suerte (written between 1897 and 1909, some of them listed)

Collected Works

Pardo Bazán, Emilia: Obras completas . Madrid: Aguilar, 1973

Radio play editing

Secondary literature

  • Burdiel, Isabel: Emilia Pardo Bazán , Barcelona: Taurus, febrero de 2019, ISBN 978-84-306-1838-5
  • Falbesoner, Martina (2003): Exquisite fate: the concept of fatality in Emilia Pardo Bazan's narrative . Phil. Diss. University of Innsbruck.
  • López-Sanz, Mariano (1985): Naturalismo y espiritualismo en la novelística de Galdós y Pardo Bazán . Madrid: Editorial Pliegos.
  • Pattison, Walter T. (1969): El naturalismo español. Historia externa de un movimiento literario . Madrid: Editorial Gredos (= Biblioteca románica hispánica).
  • Schmitz, Sabine (2000): Spanish Naturalism: Drafting an Epoch Profile in the Context of "Krausopositivismo" . Tübingen: Niemeyer (= Mimesis, 33) ISBN 3-484-55033-3
  • Wolter, Birgit (1997): Gender specifics, language, literary construction: empathy structures in Emilia Pardo Bazán and Benito Pérez Galdós . Berlin: ed. Tranvía. (= Gender Studies Romance Studies, 2) ISBN 3-925867-23-6

Web links

Commons : Emilia Pardo Bazán  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ La Biblioteca de la Mujer (1892–1914) on cervantesvirtual.com
  2. ^ Pattison, Walter T. (1969): El naturalismo español. Historia externa de un movimiento literario . Madrid: Editorial Gredos103.
personal data
SURNAME Pardo Bazan, Emilia
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish writer
DATE OF BIRTH September 16, 1851
PLACE OF BIRTH A Coruña
DATE OF DEATH May 12, 1921
Place of death Madrid