Maurice Barrès

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Maurice Barrès

Maurice Barrès , actually Auguste-Maurice Barrès , (born August 19, 1862 in Charmes , Lorraine , † December 4, 1923 in Neuilly-sur-Seine ) was a French novelist , journalist and politician of the national right .

Life

Barrès, who was well known and influential at the same time as author and homo politicus in his prime , was born in Charmes on the Moselle ( Département Vosges ) near the Franco-German border that was newly drawn after the war of 1870/71 followed). He spent his high school years as a boarding school student in Nancy , looking at the ligne bleue des Vosges (= the blue horizon line of the Vosges ), which is often quoted by the revanchists in France . So he too became a nationalist very early on, demanding revenge on Germany.

In 1882 he went to Paris, where he was supposed to study law, but at the same time tried to start a literary career as a columnist and narrator close to the symbolists rather than the naturalists. He first wrote for a monthly magazine Jeune France before founding his own magazine, Taches d'encre , which only appeared for a few months. In 1888 the novel Sous l'œil des barbaren (= under the eyes of the barbarians) was his breakthrough. It is the first part of the strongly autobiographical romantic trilogy Le Culte du moi (= cult of the self), the protagonist of which is a young intellectual who immerses himself in the Parisian fin de siècle culture, but does not stop in this world, which is presented as over-refined and cosmopolitan alien finds, which is why he finally renounces his decadent narcissism , returns to his ancestral Lorraine and there finds his way back to national traditions and Catholicism .

In 1889 Barrès consequently became a supporter of the right wing populist general Georges Boulanger ( le Général Revanche ) and was active in his short-lived nationalist and revanchist movement ( boulangisme ); for one legislative period (1889-93) he was a boulangist member of parliament for the constituency of Nancy. Even after Boulanger's suicide (1891) and the dissolution of his movement, he was active as a right-wing intellectual and politician, but failed four times when trying to get back into parliament. In the context of the Dreyfus affair that divided France (1898), he took a position as "Anti-Dreyfusard".

In the meantime, Hermann Bahr made him famous in Germany as a guide to modernism.

In 1892 L'ennemi des lois and a collection of travelogues with the title Du sang, de la volupté, de la mort appeared .

From 1897–1901 Barrès published another trilogy: Le Roman de l'énergie nationale (= the novel of national energy). It is the story of some young Lorraine people who initially go to Paris, are "uprooted" (part 1 is also called Les déracinés / Die uprooted ), but at least partially notice this, return home and for the reconquest of Alsace annexed by the Germans and (German -) Lorraine fight.

1906 was the year of his triumph: Barrès was accepted into the Académie française and finally elected again as a member of parliament (constituency Neuilly near Paris), which he remained until his death, although he was actually an anti-parliamentarian .

In 1913 he had finished another trilogy of novels: Les bastions de l'Est (= the bastions of the east). The first volumes, Au service de l'Allemagne (= in the service of Germany, 1905) and Colette Baudoche (1909), are stories full of nationalistic-anti-German resentments , the third, La Colline inspirée (= the animated hill, 1912) is about the nationally inspired revolt of three Lorraine priests against the ultramontane Roman official church.

In 1914 Barrès succeeded Paul Déroulède , the turbulent poète national (1846–1914), as head of the anti-German, anti-Semitic and anti-parliamentary Ligue des Patriotes ; in the ensuing World War 1914-18 he was active in journalism on the front line with an anti-German militarist newspaper article per day.

After the end of the war, however, Maurice Barrès became the negative figure in French literature , especially for the surrealists , and the show trial against Barrès, initiated by André Breton , became famous as a surrealist event. Nonetheless, Barrès continued to be admired, mainly because of his sophisticated language, among others by intellectuals who were more left-wing politically, such as Louis Aragon and François Mitterrand . He also influenced André Gide (whose opponent he became after 1900), François Mauriac and André Malraux .

Works

Title page of Les Déracinés
Memorial plaque on Mont Sainte-Odile

Novels

  • Le culte du moi. Exam des trois idéologies. (autobiographical novel trilogy)
    • Sous l'oeil des barbaren. Lemerre, Paris 1888. (Gallica)
    • Un homme libre. Perrin, Paris 1889. (Gallica)
    • Le Jardin de Bérénice. Perrin, Paris 1891. (Gallica)
  • L'Ennemi des Lois. Perrin, Paris 1893. (Gallica)
  • Le Roman de l'énergie nationale. Novel trilogy.
    • Les Déracinés. Fasquelle, Paris 1897. (Gallica)
    • L'Appel au soldat. Fasquelle, Paris 1897.
    • Leurs figures. Juven, Paris 1902.
  • Les Bastions de l'Est. Novel trilogy.
    • Au service de l'Allemagne. A. Fayard, Paris 1905. (German under the title In German Heeresdiensten. Berlin 1907)
    • Colette Baudoche. Juven, Paris 1909.
    • La Colline inspirée. Émile Paul, Paris 1913. (Archive.org)
  • Un jardin sur l'Oronte . Plon, Paris 1922. (German under the title Ein Garten am Orontes . 1927) French. (Archive.org)

stories

  • La vierge assassinée, avec une lettre-préface de l'Auteur . Paris: E. Sansot & Cie, Paris 1904. (German under the title Der Mord an der Jungfrau. Kurt Wolff, Berlin 1904)

Plays

  • Une journée parlementaire. Comédie de moeurs en 3 acts. Charpentier et Fasquelle, Paris 1894 (Gallica)

Travelogues

  • You sang, de la volupté, de la mort: Un amateur d'âmes. Voyage en Espagne, Voyage en Italie, etc. Charpentier et Fasquelle, Paris 1894 (German under the title: Vom Blute, von der Lust und vom Tode. Berlin 1907) French. (Gallica) German (Archive.org)
  • Amori and Dolori sacrum. La mort de Venise. Juven, Paris 1903 (Gallica)
  • Le Voyage de Sparte. Juven, Paris 1906 (Archive.org)
  • Le Gréco or the Secret de Tolède. Émile-Paul, Paris 1911.
  • Une inquete aux pays du Levant. Plon, Paris 1923.

Political Writings

  • Étude pour la protection des ouvriers français. Grande impr. parisienne, Paris 1893. (Gallica)
  • Scènes et doctrines du nationalisme. Juven, Paris 1902. (Gallica)
  • Les amitiés françaises. Juven, Paris 1903.
  • La grande pitié des Eglises de France. Émile-Paul, Paris 1914.
  • Une visite à l'armée anglaise. Berger-Levrault, Paris 1915. (Gallica)
  • Les Diverses Familles spirituelles de la France. Émile-Paul, Paris 1917. (Gallica)
  • L'Ame française et la Guerre (chroniques). Émile-Paul, Paris 1915–1920.
  • Le Génie du Rhin. Plon, 1921. (German under the title Der Genius des Rheins. Berlin 1921), cf. also the counter-writ by Ernst Bertram : Rheingenius and Génie du Rhin. Berlin 1927. (Archive.org)
  • Faut-il autoriser les congrégations? Les Frères des écoles chrétiennes. Plon-Nourrit, Paris 1923 (Gallica)
  • Souvenirs d'un officier de la Grande armée, par [Jean-Baptiste-Auguste Barrès]; publiés by Maurice Barrès, son petit-fils. Plon-Nourrit, Paris 1923.

Anthologies

  • Quelques cadences. Sansot, Paris 1904. (Gallica)

Works published posthumously

  • Le Mystère en pleine lumière. Plon, Paris 1926.
  • Les Maîtres. Plon, Paris 1927.
  • Mes cahiers. Plon, Paris 1929–1957. (14 volumes, Collected Notes, edited by Barrès' son Philippe)

Newer editions

  • Scènes et doctrines du nationalisme. Editions du Trident, Paris 1987.
  • Mes cahiers: 1896-1923. Plon, Paris 1994; edited by Guy Dupré
  • Journal de ma vie extérieure. Julliard, Paris 1994, ISBN 2-260-01111-X . (the main newspaper articles edited by François Broche and Éric Roussel)
  • Romans et voyages. Editions Robert Laffont, Paris 1999. (the most important novels in two volumes, edited by Vital Rambaud)
  • Un jardin sur l'Oronte . Transbordeurs, 2005, ISBN 2-84957-006-0 .
  • La Colline inspirée. Rocher, Paris 2005, ISBN 2-268-05249-4 .
  • Section: Paysage d'un mythe . Magellan & Cie, 2004, ISBN 2-914330-63-4 .

Bibliographies

  • Alphonse Zarach: Bibliography barrésienne (1881–1948). Paris 1951.
  • Trevor Field: Maurice Barrès: A selective critical bibliography 1948–1979. London 1982, ISBN 0-7293-0129-X .

literature

  • Rémy de Gourmont : Maurice Barrès. In: Le livre des masques: portraits symbolistes, gloses et documents sur les écrivains d'hier et d'aujourd'hui. Volume 2, Mercure de France, Paris 1898, pp. 79-89.
  • Ernst Robert Curtius : Maurice Barrès and the intellectual foundations of French nationalism. Bonn 1921, DNB 572651767 . (the only monograph in German)
  • Albert Thibaudet: La vie de Maurice Barrès. Nouvelle Revue Française, Paris 1924.
  • François Mauriac : La rencontre avec Barrès. Paris 1945. (New edition: La Table ronde, 1993, ISBN 2-7103-0609-3 )
  • Jean-Marie Domenach: Barrès par lui-même. Éditions du Seuil, Paris 1962.
  • Edgard Pich: Maurice Barrès. Le culte du moi. Bordas, Paris 1969. (annotated selection edition with introduction, illustrations and additions )
  • Emilien Carassus: Barrès et sa fortune littéraire. Guy Ducros, Saint-Ménard-en-Jalles 1970.
  • Zeev Sternhell : Maurice Barrès et le nationalisme français . Editions Complexe, Brussels 1985
  • Zeev Sternhell: From Enlightenment to Fascism and Nazism. Reflections on the fate of ideas in the 20th century. In .: Siegfried Jäger, Jobst Paul (Ed.): This right is still part of our world. Aspects of a New Conservative Revolution. Dissertation . Duisburg 2001, pp. 16-48. (as well as in: jour fixe initiative berlin: History after Auschwitz. Münster 2002, ISBN 3-89771-409-4 .)
  • Josef Jurt, André Guyaux, Robert Kopp: Barrès. A tradition in modernity. Actes du colloque de Mulhouse, Bâle et Friborg-en-Brisgau des 10, 11 and 12 avril 1989. Champion, Paris 1991, ISBN 2-85203-205-8 .
  • Emmanuel Godo: Ego scriptor: Maurice Barrès et l'écriture de soi. Editions Kimé, Paris 1998, ISBN 2-84174-099-4 .
  • Marie-Agnès Kirscher: Relire Barrès. Presses universitaires du Septentrion, Villeneuve d'Ascq (North) 1998, ISBN 2-85939-560-1 .
  • Jean-Michel Wittmann: Barrès romancier: Une nosographie de la décadence. Honoré Champion, Paris, ISBN 2-7453-0190-X .
  • Sarah Vajda: Maurice Barrès. Flammarion, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-08-067770-5 .
  • Stefanie Arend: contradicting fascination. Maurice Barrès' conception of nationalism. In: literary criticism. No. 3, March 2002, 4th year. Focus: Literary Modernism II, pp. 52–62 (online)
  • Wiebke Bendrath: I, Region, Nation: Maurice Barrès in the French identity discourse of his time and its reception in Germany. Niemeyer, Tübingen 2003, ISBN 3-484-55041-4 . (Dissertation, University of Freiburg im Breisgau, 2000)
  • André Breton and others: Dada versus Dada: The Barrès Affair. Nautilus, ISBN 3-89401-274-9 .

Film adaptations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Maurice Barrés. German newspaper. Vienna, 22 (1892) # 7512, morning edition, 1-2. (November 26, 1892) and Panama. 2. With Maurice Barrés. In: German newspaper. Vienna, 23 (1893) # 7552, morning edition, 1–2. (January 6, 1893) and in book form in: Studies on the Critique of Modernity. With the author's portrait in collotype. Rütten & Loening, Frankfurt am Main 1894, pp. 162–177.

Web links

Commons : Maurice Barrès  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Maurice Barrès  - Sources and full texts
Wikiquote: Maurice Barrès  - Quotes
personal data
SURNAME Barrès, Maurice
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French author
DATE OF BIRTH August 19, 1862
PLACE OF BIRTH Charmes , Lorraine
DATE OF DEATH 4th December 1923
Place of death Neuilly-sur-Seine