Endel Nirk

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Endel Nirk (pseudonym Hermelin , born December 15, 1925 in Koorküla ; †  April 15, 2018 in Tallinn ) was an Estonian literary scholar , critic and prose writer.

Life

Endel Nirk first attended elementary school in his home village in South Estonia and attended grammar school in Tõrva from 1938 to 1943 . Immediately after graduating from school, he was mobilized into the Wehrmacht , as Estonia was occupied by Germany at the time during the Second World War . As a result, Nirk tried to leave Estonia via the Baltic Sea even after the war ended, but since the boat had leaked, he had to return to the coast.

Nevertheless, he survived Stalinism without repression and was able to study Estonian philology at the University of Tartu from 1944 to 1949 . After graduating, he worked for the newspaper Sirp ja Vasar from 1949 to 1953 , before turning back to science in 1953.

From 1953 he worked and researched at the "Institute for Language and Literature" of the Estonian Academy of Sciences in Tallinn, where he completed his candidate thesis (1959 - corresponds to the dissertation of the German system) and his academic doctoral thesis (1971 - corresponds to the habilitation thesis ) on. From 1976 to 1983 he was professor of Estonian literature at the Tallinn Pedagogical University - formally only a deputy with lecturer's salary, as his appointment was not confirmed in Moscow, but from a substantive point of view head of the chair.

In between, however, there were also periods in which he lived as a freelance scientist and author alternately in Tallinn and Saaremaa (1972-1976 and since 1983).

Endel Nirk had been a member of the Estonian Writers' Union since 1955 and a corresponding member of the Finnish Literary Society . He was one of the signatories of the Letter of Forty .

Scientific work

Nirk specialized in the 19th century, but in principle has worked in all areas of Estonian literature. He is also the only Estonian literary scholar of the post-war period who has provided a comprehensive overview of Estonian literature, which has also been translated into English and Finnish.

Nirk presented the most important research on Eduard Bornhöhe and Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald , the author of the Kalevipoeg . He has also written monographs on Karl Ristikivi and the painter Ants Laikmaa . He has also contributed to numerous literary compilations and was particularly concerned with the research of the Estonian novel in the interwar period.

Literary work

Some of Nirk's monographs themselves have been brought into the vicinity of literary works, and in general the “successful combination of a competent literary scholar and ingenious essayist” is emphasized in his person.

In 1960, Nirk caused a stir with a satirical poem about Ain Kaalep , Jaan Kross and Ellen Niit Staub, who were modernizing Estonian poetry at the time, which met resistance in some circles. Later Nirk mainly wrote works that dealt with earlier Estonian history or his home region. The criticism judged her rather cautious. In his trilogy Here on Earth , one critic referred to the "journalistic structure" and remarked that "it would certainly be better if the reader did not constantly notice the author's presence." Another critic stated that this was "a novel." could [...] what remains is only remembering and complaining about one's own fate ... "

Awards

bibliography

Literary work

Monographs

  • Laias laastus. Kirjanduslikke arti dress 1948-1956 . Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus 1957. 576 pp.
  • Eduard Bornhöhe . Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus 1961. 137 p. (Eesti kirjamehi)
  • Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald . Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus 1961. 126 p. (Eesti kirjamehi)
  • Teemad variatsioonidega . Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus 1964. 212 pp.
  • Kreutzwald yes eesti rahvusliku kirjanduse algus . Tallinn: Eesti Raamat 1968. 545 pp.
  • Estonian Literature. Historical Survey with Biobibliographical Appendix . Tallinn: Eesti Raamat 1970. 414 pp.
    • Estonian edition: Eesti kirjandus. Arengulooline ülevaade . Tallinn: Perioodika 1983. 342 pp.
    • Finnish edition: Viron kirjallisuus . Helsinki: SKS 1986. 391 pp.
    • New English edition: Estonian Literature. Historical Survey with Biobibliographical Appendix . Tallinn: Perioodika 1987. 414 pp.
  • Eesti kirjanduse biograafiline leksikon (together with Endel Sõgel ). Tallinn: Eesti Raamat 1975. 462 pp.
  • Kaanekukk. Lugu Ants Laikmaa elust ja ettevõtmistest . Tallinn: Kirjastus Kunst 1977. 319 pp.
  • Avardumine. Vaatlusi eesti romaani arenguteelt . Tallinn: Eesti Raamat 1985. 262 pp.
  • Teeline yes tahed. Eurooplase Karl Ristikivi elu . Tallinn: Eesti Raamat 1991. 287 pp.

Article (selection)

  • Eesti kirjanduse eelajaloost ja Kreutzwaldi teest kirjandusse, in: Keele ja Kirjanduse Instituudi uurimused III. Tallinn: Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia 1958, pp. 9-80.
  • Tammsaare rännuteedelt, in: Kirjanduse Jaosmaa 1977. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat 1979, pp. 90-92.
  • AH Tammsaare eesti romaani arengupanoraamis, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 1/1978, pp. 5–15.
  • Andrese noorpõlv - Mõlgutusi Oskar Lutsu autobiograafilise sarja ülelugemisel, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 10/1982, pp. 508-516.
  • Ühe ammu aegunud mõrvaloo järeljuurdluskatse [about Elu ja armastus ], in: Keel ja Kirjandus 4/1983, pp. 172–188.
  • Valepassiga suvitaja päevaraamat [on Friedebert Tuglas ], in: Looming 6/1984, pp. 827-838.
  • Elupaguluse vaev ja olemise apooriad. "Hingede öö" kui seisukohavõtt ning sõnum, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 6/1985, pp. 342–351
  • Fantaasia yes fuuga. Karl Ristikivi minevikuainelise romaanisarja üldkommentaare, in: Looming 12/1985, pp. 1678-1691.
  • Karl Ristikivi õpinguist Tallinna kolledžis, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 4/1987, pp. 226–235.
  • Õhtuvarjud. Peatükk Karl Ristikivi biograafiast, in: Looming 9/1987, pp. 1257-1269.
  • Bernard Kangro hilisromaanidest, in: Looming 5/1990, pp. 690-695.

prose

  • Mosaiikvõlv ('Mosaic Vault '). Tallinn: Eesti Raamat 1978. 204 pp.
  • Tabelinus. Dramaatiline lugulaul viies jaos ('Tabelinus, Dramatic Singing in Five Parts'). Tallinn: Perioodika. 1990. 76 p. (Loomingu Raamatukogu 47/1990)
  • Siin maa peal I ('Here on Earth I'). Tallinn: Koolibri 1993. 285 pp.
  • Siin maa peal II ('Here on Earth II'). Tallinn: E. Nirk 1995. 304 pp.
  • Siin maa peal III ('Here on Earth III'). Tallinn: E. Nirk 1997. 287 pp.

literature

  • Aarne Vinkel, Kalju Kääri: Esimene pääsuke, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 6/1958, pp. 369–375.
  • Pärt Lias: Endel Nirk, in: Looming 12/1975, pp. 2090-2091.
  • Harald Peep: Variatsioonidest kirjandusliku mõtte teemadel, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 12/1985, pp. 750–752.
  • Rein Veidemann : Viljakuse tagamaadest: Endel Nirk 60, in: Looming 12/1985, pp. 1706–1707.
  • Lauri Vahtre: Mees, kes ei mahtunud kahe kivi vahele, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 5/1991, pp. 312-313.
  • Jaan Kruusvall : Lembitu järeltulijad, in: Looming 8/1995, pp. 1144–1148.
  • Oskar Kruus : Kirjanduskriitikust romaanikirjanikuks, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 12/1995, pp. 842–843.
  • Rutt Hinrikus: Teelised tähitus öös, in: Looming 9/1997, pp. 1272–1276.
  • Endel Nirk / Janika Kronberg : Teelisest ja tahtedest, in: Looming 12/2015, pp. 1755–1763.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://sirp.ee/s1-artiklid/c7-kirjandus/endel-nirk-15-xii-1925-15-iv-2018/
  2. ↑ Endel Nirk / Janika Kronberg : Teelisest ja tahtedest, in: Looming 12/2015, p. 1756.
  3. ↑ Endel Nirk / Janika Kronberg: Teelisest ja tahtedest, in: Looming 12/2015, p. 1762.
  4. ↑ Eesti kirjanike leksikon. Koostanud Oskar Kruus yes Heino Puhvel. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat 2000, pp. 373-374.
  5. ^ The work of Karl Ristikivi (Eesti kirjanduse ajalugu. Vadstena 1954) is only a brief overview, and the work of Gustav Suits (Eesti kirjanduslugu I. Lund 1953) did not get beyond the first volume. Even Arvo Mägis two-piece Lühike eesti kirjanduslugu (Lund, 1965) is only a "short" literary history of about 120 pages.
  6. ↑ Cornelius Hasselblatt : History of Estonian Literature. From the beginning to the present. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter 2006, pp. 38–39.
  7. ↑ Oskar Kruus: Kirjanduskriitikust romaanikirjanikuks in: Keel yes Kirjandus 12/1995, S. 842nd
  8. ↑ Harald Peep: Variatsioonidest kirjandusliku mõtte teemadel, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 12/1985, p. 750.
  9. ↑ Jaan Kross: Kallid kaasteelised [I]. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus 2003, pp. 569-577, cf. also: Ain Kaalep , Jaan Kross, Ellen Niit , Hermelin: Luulet, in: Akadeemia 2/2015, pp. 222–238.
  10. Jump up ↑ Jaan Kruusvall: Lembitu järeltulijad, in: Looming 8/1995, pp. 1144–1148.
  11. ↑ Rutt Hinrikus: Teelised tähitus öös, in: Looming 9/1997, p. 1276.
personal data
SURNAME Nirk, Endel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ermine (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Estonian literary scholar, critic and prose writer
DATE OF BIRTH December 15, 1925
PLACE OF BIRTH Koorküla
DATE OF DEATH April 15, 2018
Place of death Tallinn